论提单转让与货物所有权转移之关系 文献及翻译

提单的交付与货物所有权转移的法律适用A1A0A3A2A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A21A22A23A24A9A25A26A27A28A15A30A29A6A31A32A7A8A34A33A35A36A37A39A38A0A40A41A34A33A42A43A44A45A26A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A46A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A9A21A22“A5A47A48A50A49A2A7A8A9A10A11A51A16A17A18A19A20A21A22A9A34A33A52A53A54A0A19A55A56A34A57A58“A37A5A5A47A59A34A49A2A7A8A9A60A61A62A44A52A53A63A64A65A42A43A9A34A33A6A63A64A65A66A19A42A43A67A53A63A64A65A9A68A69A18A18A6A5A34“A7A8A9A21A70A71A52A53A7A8A21A70A67A9A18A6A72A34“A35A73A74A7A8A16A17A18A19A20A21A22A34A33A52A53A7A8A12A53A44A75A76A77A78A16A17A79A80A81A82A83A16A17A84A85A3A86A79A65A87A88A89A90A91A93A44A92A86A79A65A94A75A95A44A10A11A16A17A9A8A75A97A98A96A99A100A5A47A101A102A9A40A41A93A104A103A105A5A106A107A108A7A8A109A98A28A55A18A19A20A110A75A93A7A8A46A112A111A7A8A113A114A16A17A9A18A19A20A93A30A29A93A7A8A9A10A11A46A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A9A21A22A117A115A19A9A5A106A116A98A93A7A8A9A10A11A118A27A119A120A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A9A21A22A97A123A2A121A55A122A124A93A6A31A32A7A8A34A33A35A36A37A93A39A38A0A40A41A34A33A42A43A93A44A45A26A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A46A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A9A21A22A97A28A7A8A9A10A11A51A16A17A18A19A20A21A22A34A33A52A53A9A125A126A34A127A128A7A8A9A10A11A51A16A17A18A19A20A21A22A9A34A33A52A53A54A0A31A92A129A130A131A132A93A135A7A8A12A13A98A18A19A20A110A75A9A34A33A52A53A83A7A8A21A70A9A34A33A52A53A49A2A121A129A130A131A132A93A4A5A9A25A26A19A18A27A82A97A6A133A104A100A134A93A138A19A7A8A139A136A135A111A76A7A8A138A19A65A49A16A17A137A19A140A141A20A93A7A8A112A111A142A49A16A17A9A20A100A97A145A120A143A19A7A8A144A20A143A19A65A143A19A16A17A93A117A16A17A18A19A20A131A132A146A147A3A28A148A9A149A141A34A33A25A150A151A152A93A155A153A154A156A93A7A8A12A18A19A20A21A22A9A157A158A93A161A27A12A16A17A18A19A20A95A44A21A22A9A159A47A160A162A97A6A5A47A101A102A37A93A165A163A3A135A164A44A108A7A8A109A98A18A19A20A110A75A97A6A133A104A100A134A93A168A166A116A98A7A8A12A18A19A20A110A75A9A163A3A12A123A2A170A171A65A167A169A174A93A121A28A74A146A175A172A173A2A176A177A9A178A5A179A180A93A3A2A121A12A28A113A5A47A60A9A167A169A93A30A29A49A2A121A28A131A132A9A122A124A181A182A97A123A2A29A93A185A183A184A19A35A2A133A104A100A134A34A186A0A187A127A188A3A189A190A34A33A151A152A7A8A191A98A18A19A20A110A75A9A192A46A9A193A180A194A195A97A27A196A93A62A44A197A198A6A28A199A193A200A37A19A119A0A127A188A7A8A12A13A92A201A202A191A98A18A19A20A110A75A121A28A203A204A34A33A122A124A131A132A97A201A205A19A28A206A79A207A89A208A172A209A210A5A211A34A27A108A7A8A109A98A18A19A20A110A75A9A5A106A9A5A47A16A17A212A213A93A133A104A100A134A34A186A62A46A119A214A127A188A12A13A52A53A215A28A130A5A106A9A34A33A97A6A121A55A216A217A37A93A133A104A100A134A34A186A62A46A50A108A210A209A218A9A34A33A191A98A34A186A72A34A52A53A97A210A163A3A12A86A116A167A169A219A2A220A221A131A132A93A161A121A28A131A132A168A166A3A34A186A72A34A151A152A97A133A104A100A134A34A186A72A34A86A116A108A7A8A109A98A18A19A20A110A75A9A170A171A65A159A222A174A93A115A223A121A39A12A121A28A131A132A9A147A224A97A201A205A34A186A225A165A131A132A109A98A159A61A131A132A93A161A27A12A220A221A131A132A93A150A19A62A46A52A53A168A166A9A34A33A42A43A25A150A228A228A228A17A226A18A6A72A34A93A135A16A17A2A21A22A67A18A227A9A72A23A9A34A33A97A201A52A53A121A28A25A150A93A45A26A7A8A60A61A83A192A46A9A229A95A34A108A12A7A8A6A10A102A230A231A67A18A227A9A5A106A9A34A33A97A115A151A138A121A28A232A233A93A236A116A98A93A31A92A234A7A8A9A10A102A3A10A102A67A7A8A18A227A9A72A23A9A34A33A151A152A93A135A235A12A7A8A113A114A9A16A17A237A227A2A79A80A238A37A93A97A6A239A100A239A72A100A240A241A122A124A34A244A93A93A245A9A25A26A12A242A243A60A9A93A95A29A93A248A246A52A53A2A168A196A7A8A92A210A236A79A80A8A75A161A141A231A9A16A17A18A19A20A9A21A22A239A72A100A240A241A122A124A34A244A93A93A245A25A26A93A19A247A141A17A9A249A250A83A251A252A93A253A254A255A146A0A1A3A15A2A4A252A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A14A68A146A16A18A17A19A8A20A21A8A22A23A24A25A97A26A27A28A104A93A203A29A30A31A90A32A33A34A35A81A31A36A26A37A38A8A68A39A3A40A18A17A19A8A41A42A8A22A23A43A110A44A17A146A45A46A47A93A152A48A49A26A27A28A104A50A43A110A44A17A146A45A46A47A97A17A146A45A46A47A51A52A8A146A53A61A54A31A47A51A52A68A8A17A26A41A22A24A25A26A55A56A93A64A57A51A58A30A31A37A38A8A68A39A93A59A54A30A31A8A17A26A41A60A62A59A54A40A18A8A17A26A41A93A206A63A65A66A42A5A67A42A8A69A45A70A146A71A8A231A36A22A93A33A212A54A59A30A31A59A72A73A17A146A45A46A47A97A64A146A71A40A18A8A74A75A8A76A14A65A30A31A77A71A68A93A78A79A37A232A68A40A18A8A17A26A41A22A57A80A59A82A63A231A36A22A8A83A84A93A85A86A67A42A87A88A237A40A18A59A54A30A31A17A89A91A97A203A29A62A92A30A31A94A95A37A232A96A98A93A152A37A232A96A98A68A40A18A17A19A8A41A42A8A22A23A50A43A99A63A44A82A63A231A36A22A97A203A29A100A31A36A8A61A101A37A232A102A103A93A152A50A54A105A106A107A108A109A22A23A71A111A8A22A23A82A63A31A36A8A82A112A61A101A97A64A37A38A62A57A51A58A8A30A31A68A93A152A105A106A96A98A37A232A68A40A18A8A17A26A41A22A97A26A113A20A93A50A54A46A47A37A38A68A40A18A17A19A8A41A42A8A22A23A206A63A114A72A46A47A59A115A59A17A146A45A46A47A22A20A107A93A93A93A93A116A93A117A93A93A118A119A38A8A120A9A22A121A82A122A63A123A22A20A22A0A64A105A106A8A124A125A126A105A106A107A127A128A90A32A237A76A22A20A129A93A60A62A54A20A161A130A131A24A25A8A120A9A35A81A97A72A132A133A44A93A134A72A135A152A59A136A137A138A139A140A44A108A109A247A63A93A36A141A93A203A29A142A40A129A90A32A143A8A129A26A22A20A93A152A64A9A70A62A80A136A72A73A65A134A144A121A82A145A85A105A106A147A20A22A8A122A152A148A149A150A8A42A151A153A154A155A92A97A203A29A22A20A22A252A237A105A106A93A152A156A44A17A146A45A46A47A8A30A31A50A157A158A48A8A255A146A32A100A146A71A40A18A248A159A45A160A97A162A163A93A93A93A93A116A22A20A22A164A187A121A82A91A121A30A31A59A72A73A17A146A45A46A47A93A165A104A166A167A168A169A170A32A210A133A44A30A31A171A146A134A72A41A172A26A173A20A93A174A175A176A177A178A203A30A31A94A179A8A57A51A58A146A180A46A47A5A134A144A46A47A17A89A91A8A45A160A90A32A181A182A97A46A47A183A184A8A51A58A185A46A47A17A26A41A22A24A25A97A60A134A73A51A58A100A46A47A17A89A91A8A45A160A90A32A181A182A17A182A232A8A22A23A53A29A152A54A105A106A107A186A225A45A160A8A22A23A17A24A25A97A100A107A146A71A40A18A17A146A45A8A46A47A93A59A54A40A18A17A26A41A22A24A25A97A26A87A104A160A93A64A188A82A63A89A91A40A18A8A30A31A8A61A101A68A93A30A31A189A54A30A31A190A17A122A63A8A22A23A24A25A97A203A29A30A31A190A191A146A30A237A231A36A22A93A54A107A30A31A3A87A104A160A22A192A188A43A110A44A72A73A17A146A45A46A47A93A3A93A93A93A93A116A93A117A93A93A118A193A194A195A8A87A104A160A20A161A196A22A93A50A105A106A30A31A43A37A38A8A20A21A8A22A23A93A26A118A183A93A64A178A203A30A31A94A179A8A40A18A17A146A45A46A47A8A64A9A70A26A46A47A190A197A63A123A186A63A22A23A156A44A231A36A22A68A93A152A1A43A198A199A8A22A23A50A24A25A31A36A8A61A101A5A200A80A97A203A29A191A146A134A73A231A36A22A130A201A93A152A17A105A106A8A22A23A50A3A118A183A108A183A22A23A105A106A22A8A108A183A122A152A82A63A97A36A141A93A118A183A22A202A50A204A205A105A106A24A25A108A109A35A81A155A92A8A22A23A93A207A208A41A176A22A202A97A203A29A134A72A22A23A62A121A82A93A152A22A202A50A209A211A155A92A213A226A41A214A83A84A93A136A141A82A63A64A9A70A8A87A215A93A118A183A108A183A22A23A105A106A22A216A93A130A97A3A217A218A20A161A196A22A93A100A107A114A72A46A47A59A115A80A219A44A17A146A45A46A47A8A220A221A93A54A46A47A222A37A70A8A223A224A41A17A26A20A22A23A24A25A100A107A46A47A227A8A17A146A45A203A228A51A52A8A220A221A93A105A106A46A47A51A52A68A17A26A41A22A97A0A1A229A87A8A59A93A135A152A227A93A40A18A17A146A45A54A46A47A17A26A41A22A24A25A60A62A230A40A18A183A184A172A107A228A19A97A36A141A93A26A233A100A40A18A37A38A17A146A45A46A47A68A93A164A62A234A37A232A100A105A106A107A35A81A190A8A40A18A8A22A23A62A121A82A8A220A221A97A146A57A80A114A70A192A235A26A30A31A236A238A94A147A93A239A240A4A252A123A3A30A31A35A81A8A100A40A18A8A45A160A97A203A29A1A70A59A108A107A241A87A60A62A242A243A30A31A8A244A26A8A245A93A152A1A70A59A115A82A10A4A252A1A45A160A50A54A40A18A17A26A41A22A24A25A93A115A152A50A246A205A105A106A24A25A30A31A8A22A23A249A3A250A251A253A22A51A58A30A31A90A33A34A17A146A45A46A47A43A133A44A59A65A51A58A40A18A214A92A93A250A251A253A254A255A97A22A98A216A93A93A93A130A216A93A201A97A30A31A59A120A227A40A18A8A35A70A37A38A8A72A235A46A47A93A36A141A93A30A31A8A22A23A41A172A54A105A106A107A120A227A40A18A35A81A155A92A22A8A22A23A24A25A97A134A73A22A23A198A199A4A206A107A35A81A155A92A64A9A70A8A99A103A97A203A29A64A9A70A191A146A203A231A36A22A8A198A199A76A14A72A2A93A152A105A106A8A35A70A8A192A223A224A17A17A26A41A22A97A64A17A146A45A46A47A8A255A146A32A5A40A18A8A10A161A255A146A32A37A232A96A98A68A93A100A210A101A0A210A1A2A3A4A5A6A47A67A3A4A17A7A9A10A11A210A101A212A12A13A103A14A15A2A5A10A189A5A17A7A9A10A16A18A19A43A20A21A22A3A4A5A17A23A24A93A135A17A23A21A25A26A5A27A23A24A28A29A19A106A30A31A23A32A33A34A35A33A36A37A23A32A17A23A21A38A39A40A12A41A5A42A44A45A46A47A5A10A48A5A49A50A10A19A10A189A51A6A47A107A251A5A108A206A52A109A110A12A41A23A32A5A53A54A55A56A12A41A57A58A5A59A60A10A93A165A10A55A12A41A61A62A24A43A20A5A10A48A93A168A63A55A7A111A231A12A41A112A64A40A22A65A66A24A43A20A93A19A212A68A69A70A12A41A5A38A71A53A54A72A6A47A56A12A41A17A7A9A10A48A16A18A19A6A47A73A74A121A75A76A77A5A55A12A41A53A54A72A22A12A41A17A78A79A5A3A4A5A17A7A9A10A48A16A18A7A113A80A93A12A41A52A212A68A25A26A81A114A93A82A72A22A25A26A59A60A10A16A18A19A83A84A4A85A17A7A9A10A6A47A75A23A86A9A16A18A23A32A3A4A5A25A26A5A10A48A86A207A93A50A70A23A32A168A84A182A23A12A41A87A88A115A3A4A5A53A54A89A7A113A90A23A32A91A3A4A5A17A23A21A25A26A53A54A93A25A26A40A12A92A5A10A48A72A206A37A25A26A55A94A78A79A3A4A19A70A207A25A26A40A31A23A95A37A231A96A10A93A152A22A25A26A76A102A104A5A105A116A117A17A17A7A118A10A16A18A19A70A207A25A26A78A79A3A4A93A152A91A25A26A45A91A3A4A5A4A21A16A18A22A23A32A119A120A17A23A21A25A26A5A10A48A16A18A19A70A207A122A132A61A62A24A82A91A3A4A105A123A4A21A93A212A40A81A124A55A125A126A5A168A84A127A128A182A23A93A212A68A5A129A17A23A21A25A26A130A131A133A93A152A34A35A33A3A4A134A136A5A10A48A206A37A68A137A103A14A15A2A5A138A205A42A93A113A90A118A128A139A10A140A141A118A128A23A60A119A120A142A143A17A23A21A38A39A10A48A34A35A5A144A145A146A33A93A93A93A93A147A93A148A93A93A149A150A151A33A153A154A19A165A144A145A140A93A245A155A37A93A7A156A143A78A79A156A143A4A5A41A96A157A93A70A207A142A67A24A158A92A41A96A157A5A17A7A118A93A212A118A159A10A36A160A142A67A24A161A251A162A17A23A21A93A152A142A67A24A163A251A162A212A17A23A21A19A140A93A245A155A37A93A7A156A143A78A79A156A143A4A5A41A96A157A93A156A143A24A164A142A67A24A166A74A167A169A5A156A143A4A170A171A23A5A21A172A91A142A67A24A5A173A21A24A55A94A23A174A175A21A93A56A51A205A12A156A23A32A1A2A11A176A177A157A41A96A17A7A9A118A178A5A159A118A10A19A140A93A245A155A37A93A140A179A24A91A111A5A4A105A123A17A23A21A11A212A68A4A21A157A93A142A67A24A6A94A101A165A140A179A24A12A156A174A175A180A56A12A156A165A105A123A157A93A165A156A143A4A17A7A9A118A178A5A118A159A10A19A73A55A142A67A24A161A182A23A165A156A143A4A93A87A56A165A156A143A4A17A7A118A5A118A159A10A181A36A160A142A67A24A17A251A162A5A183A184A21A172A157A93A152A142A67A24A5A21A172A163A185A27A83A186A19A7A156A143A78A79A156A143A4A5A41A96A157A93A70A207A142A67A24A158A92A165A187A41A96A157A5A17A7A118A36A160A142A67A24A161A251A162A188A124A21A172A93A152A142A67A24A5A21A172A163A185A27A83A186A93A73A156A143A4A17A7A118A5A118A159A10A17A190A191A192A7A182A23A156A143A4A5A140A179A24A5A183A184A21A172A93A83A7A193A194A19ONTHEAPPLICABLELAWOFDELIVERYOFBILLOFLADINGANDTRANSFEROFOWNERSHIPBECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENCESOFWHETHERDELIVERYOFBILLOFLADINGLEADSTRANSFEROFOWNERSHIPAMONGCOUNTRIES,WEMUSTCHOOSEAPPLICABLELAWTODECIDEWHETHERDELIVERYOFBILLOFLADINGLEADSTRANSFEROFOWNERSHIPINFOREIGNBILLOFLADINGLEGALRELATIONSHIPTHEREARESEVENLEGISLATIVEMODELSABOUTITININTERNATIONALSOCIETYTHEPRIVATEINTERNATIONALLAWOFCHINASHOULDPROVIDETHENATUREOFBILLOFLADINGASBEINGAPPLICABLETOTHELAWCHOSENBYTHEPARTIESANDTOTHELAWWHERETHEPARTIESHAVETHEIRPLACEOFBUSINESSWHENTHEPARTIESDONTCHOOSEAPPLICABLELAWANDTHETRANSFEROFBILLOFLADINGCANBEAPPLIEDTOTHELAWOFTHEPLACEWHERETHEBILLOFLADINGISTRANSFERREDTHETRANSFEROFBILLSOFLADINGISTHECOREOFTHESYSTEMCONCERNINGBILLSOFLADINGVIATHENEGOTIABILITYOFBILLSOFLADING,THEINTERNATIONALTRADEDEVELOPSINTOTHEACTIVELYDOCUMENTTRANSACTIONWHICHCONFERONTHEINTERNATIONALTRADECONVENIENCE,EFFICIENCY,SWIFTNESSANDTHESUBSTANTIALLYDEVELOPMENTBILLSOFLADINGPLAYANESSENTIALPARTINTHECARRIAGEOFGOODSBYSEAWHAT“SMORE,THEYFUNCTIONEFFECTIVELYINTHEINTERNATIONALTRADETHETRANSFEROFBILLSOFLADINGISTHECOREOFTHESYSTEMCONCERNINGBILLSOFLADINGVIATHENEGOTIABILITYOFBILLSOFLADING,THEINTERNATIONALTRADEDEVELOPSINTOTHEACTIVELYDOCUMENTTRANSACTIONWHICHCONFERONTHEINTERNATIONALTRADECONVENIENCE,EFFICIENCY,SWIFTNESSANDTHESUBSTANTIALLYDEVELOPMENTOWINGTOTHEIMPORTANTROLEANDFUNCTIONOFTHETRANSFEROFBILLSOFLADING,ITISAMUSTTOUNDERSTANDTHELEGALPROBLEMSARISINGOFTHATHOWEVER,THEEXISTINGLAWOFOURCOUNTRIESCANNOTREGULATETHENAVIGATIONPRACTICEEFFECTIVELYFOREXAMPLE,THEREISNOLAWTOREGULATESUCHPROBLEMSASWHETHERTHETRANSFEROFBILLSOFLADINGISBASEDONTRANSFEROFCONTRACTORLEGISLATIONWHAT“STHERELATIONBETWEENTHEBILLSOFLADINGANDTHECONTRACTOFCARRIAGEOFGOODSWHAT“STHEINFLUENCEOFTHETRANSFEROFBILLSOFLADINGCONCERNINGTHERELATEDPARTIESITISTHELACKOFCOMPETENTRULESTHATMAKEJUDICIALPRACTICESRATHERINCONSISTENT,WHICHBLOCKSTHEPROPERJUDGMENTONTHERELATEDISSUESANDFURTHER,BRINGSUNCERTAINTIESTOBOTHPARTIESNUMEROUSCOUNTRIESHAVEBEENAWAREOFTHAT,ANDUNDERTAKETOSETTLETHATPROBLEMONTHEBASISOFINTERNATIONALANDDOMESTICLEGISLATIVEPRACTICESOFRELATIVEISSUES,THISPAPERUNDERTAKESCOMPREHENSIVEDISCUSSIONSANDATTEMPTSTODEFINETHENEGOTIATIONOFBILLSOFLADINGELEMENTSNEEDTOCONSTITUTEANEFFECTIVENEGOTIATIONANDTHEEFFECTSOFNEGOTIATIONASWELLFINALLYBASEDONTHEFOREGOINGDISCUSSIONIWILLBRINGFORWARDTHEPROPERLEGISLATIVESUGGESTIONSCONCERNINGBILLSOFLADINGNEGOTIATIONITHASBEENDISPUTEDFORALONGTIMEWHETHERTHEBILLOFLADINGRISEREALRIGHTWITHITASPERTHISISSUE,SOMESCHOLARSGAVEAPOSITIVEANSWER,THEOTHERSCHOLARSGAVEANEGATIVEANSWERACCORDINGTONEGATIVEANSWER,ALLTHERIGHTSRISEDFROMTHEB/LCANBEASCRIBEDTOCREDITOR“SRIGHTSBUTTHEANSWERCANNOTPERFECTLYINTERPRETTHEB/L“SFUNCTIONSWHENITISUSEDININTERNATIONALTRADE,SOICONSIDERTHEPOSITIVEANSWERISABETTERONE,ANDIALSOTHINKTHEREALRIGHTTHATTHEB/LRISESISARIGHTOFPOSSESSIONINENGLISHLAW,THEPROPRIETARYRIGHTSOFGOODSCANBETRANSFERREDFROMTHESELLERTOTHEBUYERWHENTHETHETWOPARTIESWANTTOSOABUYERCANNOTMAKEAPLEAFORTHEPROPRIETARYRIGHTSOFGOODSONLYBYTHEB/LHEHASUNDERTHECIRCUMSTANCES,THEBUYERMAYHESITATETODOBUSINESSTOPROTECTGOODINTENTIONSBUYERS,THEENGLISHLAWSUCHASTHE“SALEOFGOODSACTSGA1979“,THE“THEFACTORSACT1889“,ANDASERIESOFPREJUDICATIONSEMPHASIZEDTHEPOSSESSIONRIGHTOFTHEB/L,SOTHATTHEBUYERSCANOBTAINPERFECTPROPRIETARYRIGHTOFGOODSINCONTINENTALLAW,THEPOSSESSIONRIGHTOFTHEB/LHASTWOFUNCTIONSONEISDELIVERY,ITMEANSTRANSFERTHEPOSSESSIONRIGHTOFTHECARGOTOTHEBUYERBYTRANSFERTHEB/LTHEOTHERISTHEPOSSESSIONRIGHT,ITMEANSTHESHOWSOFTHEPUBLIC“STRUSTINCONTINENTALLAW,THEPOSSESSIONOFTHEBILLOFLADINGITSELFISTOBEEQUALOFTHEPOSSESSIONOFTHEGOODSINTHECASETHATAGOODINTENTIONSBUYERASACONCESSIONAIREOFTHEGOODSBYACCEPTTHEB/L,IFANY,THESELLERDIDNOTHAVEPERFECTPROPRIETARYRIGHTOFGOODS,THEBUYALSOCANMAKEAPLEAFORTHEPROPRIETARYRIGHTSOFTHEGOODSBECAUSEHECANMAINTAINACQUISITIONINGOODFAITHBASEDONHISPOSSESSIONRIGHTOFTHEB/LASTHEABOVEHASSAID,THEREALRIGHTCONTAINEDINTHEBILLOFLADINGISTOITWESHOULDCONSIDERBOTHTHEGENERALRULESOFTRANSFEROFOWNERSHIPANDTHERULESOFBILLSWHENANALYZINGTHEPROBLEMOFTHERELATIONSHIPSBETWEENTHEBILLSANDTRANSFEROFOWNERSHIPMOREOVER,WEMUSTEXPLORETHEPROBLEMINRESPECTIVEOFTHERULESOFEACHCOUNTRYASDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESHAVEDIFFERENTRULESTHERESULTMAYBEUNSCIENTIFICDUETOTHEDEFECTIONINTHEMETHODOFSTUDY,IFWEDISCUSSTHISPROBLEMONLYFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFMARITIMELAWORCIVILLAWTHELEGALEFFECTSARENOTTHESAMEFORTHEPROBLEMOFTHEINFLUENCESOFTHEBILLSUPONTHETRANSFEROFOWNERSHIPINTHEGOODSBETWEENTHEANGLOAMERICANCOUNTRIESANDTHECIVILLAWCOUNTRIESTHEREAREMANYSIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCESEVENAMONGTHECOUNTRIESOFTHESAMELAWFAMILYGENERALLYSPEAKING,THEPURPOSEOFTRANSFERRINGOWNERSHIPISIMPLIEDINTHETRANSFERRINGOFTHEBILLSINENGLANDTHEBILLSAREHELPFULTOANALYZETHEUNCONDITIONALIDENTIFICATIONOFTHEGOODSINAMERICAHOWTODISPOSETHEBILLSWOULDSIMPLYINFLUENCETHESECURITYINTERESTSOFTHEGOODSBUTNOTALTERTHEOWNERSHIPOFTHEGOODSTHETRANSFEROFBILLSHASALMOSTNOEFFECTONTHETRANSFEROFOWNERSHIPINTHEGOODSINFRENCHINGERMANANDOTHERLIKECOUNTRIES,THETRANSFEROFOWNERSHIPISSYNCHRONIZEDWITHTHETRANSFEROFTHEBILLSTHISISALSOTRUETOCHINATHEBANKPOSSESSINGTHEBILLSONLYOWNTHESECURITYINTERESTSWHILENOTPROCURETHEOWNERSHIPINTHEGOODSINTHEINTERNATIONALACCOUNTINGWHENTHEBILLSAREINTHEHANDOFTHEBANK,WHETHERTHEGOODSAREOWNEDBYTHESELLERORBYTHEBUYERSHOULDBEJUDGEDBYTHEWAYOFACCOUNTINGANDTHECIRCUMSTANCESATTHATTIMETHETRANSFERRINGOFTHEOWNERSHIPOFGOODSTHROUGHTHETRANSFEROFELECTRONICBILLSISFIRSTCONFRONTEDWITHTHEGENERALPROBLEMBROUGHTABOUTBYELECTRONICTRADESECOND,ITISCONFRONTEDWITHTHESPECIALPROBLEMINTHELAWTOTHEELECTRONICBILLSTHATWHETHERTHEELECTRONICBILLSCANFULFILLTHEFUNCTIONSEXECUTEDBYTHEPAPERBILLSTHEREARESOMEINTERNATIONALRULESANDPRACTICESABOUTTHEELECTRONICBILLATPRESENTTOSETTLETHESEPROBLEMSINTHELAW,HOWEVER,MAYBEAGRADUALPROCESSCHINASHOULDSTIPULATETHEEFFECTOFTHETRANSFEROFBILLSCLEARLYINHERLEGISLATIONFORTHEPURPOSEOFPROVIDINGCLEARGUIDANCEOFLAWTOTHEINTERNATIONALTRADEANDHARMONIZINGWITHMARITIMELAWWESHOULDALSOCATCHTHECHANCETOSETTHERULESOFELECTRONICBILLSINORDERTOADAPTTOANDPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFFOREIGNTRADETHETRANSFEROFTHECARGO“SPROPRIETARYRIGHTSWHICHINVOLVESTHEBENEFITSOFTHETRADEPARTNERSISTHEESSENCEOFTHECARGOBUSINESSINTHEINTERNATIONALTRADEBUTPRESENTLY,THEACADEMICSTUDIESREACHNOUNANIMOUSUNDERSTANDINGONTHISLEGALMATTERTHEMAINREASONFORTHISLEGALMATTERLIESINDIFFERENTLAWSONPROPRIETARYRIGHTSTRANSFERINDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESANDNOUNANIMOUSINTERNATIONALREGULATION,SOITLEADSTOUNCERTAINTYANDCOMPLEXITYINSOLVINGTHEDISPUTEOFTRADEPARTNERSINTHEINTERNATIONALTRADEANDIMPEDESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEINTERNATIONALTRADETHEAUTHORTHINKSTHATTHEREGULATIONOFTHEPROPRIETARYRIGHTSTRANSFERDIFFERSINTHECIVILLEGALSYSTEMANDTHEANGLOAMERICANLEGALSYSTEMANDVARIESALOTINDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESINTHESAMELEGALSYSTEMGENERALLYSPEAKING,INFRANCE,SOLONGASTHEROUNDTURNREACHESANAGREEMENT,THECARGOPROPRIETARYRIGHTSWILLBESHIFTEDWITHOUTOTHEREXTERIORBEHAVIORSINGERMANY,BUSINESSCONTRACTITSELFCANNOTSHIFTTHEPROPRIETARYRIGHTSINENGLAND,THECARGOPROPRIETARYRIGHTSWILLBESHIFTEDAFTERTHECARGOISSPECIFICINUS,THECARGOPROPRIETARYRIGHTSWILLBESHIFTEDINDELIVERINGTHECARGOAFTERTHECARGOISSPECIFICINCHINA,ITISSIMILARWITHTHATINUSINTHEINTERNATIONALTRADE,WHENTHECARGOPROPERTYRIGHTSANDTHERI