(完整word版)雅思阅读分类词汇(场景).doc

1、IELTS 阅读分类词汇=阅读分类词汇 =心理theorem原理，定理 v.s. theorymethodology方法论 (method)physiology生理学 (physiological)psychiatry精神病学 psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation相互关系 correlation coefficientsensation感觉，知觉 (另)轰动 sensationalperception感知，认知intuition知觉 (intuitive)ESP第六感 (Extrasensory Perception)

2、motivate激励 motivation ( bonus, commission, )incentive激励因素stimulus刺激 stimulate, stimulationdisorder紊乱，失调dysfunction机能障碍 dys(=dis) + functiondissonance不和谐，不一致 dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma创伤 (traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety焦虑 (= anxiousness)depression沮丧 (de + press + ion) depressedv.s. r

3、epression压(抑 )insomnia失眠phobia恐惧 (症 ) suffix: -phobiaacrophobiaacronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobiaa fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobiaa fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy过敏 (症 )，反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card pensityMost boys have a propensity of playing with mach

4、inery.= tendency,inclinationparanoid偏执的paranoia (偏执狂 )workaholic工作狂 (alcoholic)symptom症状diagnosis诊断 (n.)diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily:“ The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram 脑电图 electrocardiogram (心电图 )assertive武断的 (assert)therapy治疗法 group therapyhypnotism催眠术 ( hypnotize)prescribe开药方 v.s. subscribe,

5、describe, inscribe prescription: drugsantidepressant抗抑郁药tranquilizer镇静药 (tranquil)side-effect (+s)副作用immune免疫的，免除的 (immunity)rehabilitation复原，康复relapse旧病复发，故态复萌v.s. elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！chronic慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty青春发动期adolescence青春期 (the time of life between puberty and adulthood)emotion

6、al rationalaffective情感的 (affection)sane神智健全的insanesuperstition迷信 superstitioustelepathy传 心术 ， 通灵 术 tele(far away) + pathy(heart) numerology,palmistryapathy无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (= indifference) sympathy: sym(same) +pathypathology病理学，病理，病变delusion迷惑，欺瞒 v.s. illusiondisorientation迷失 (dis + orientation) disorient

7、edpervert使反常 /变态 反常 /变态者 perversionintrospection内省 v.s. retrospection (回顾，反省 )sublimation纯化，升华 sublimepersonality= personal characteristicsmultiple personality 多(重人格 )innate天赋的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute属性 ( attributable)trait特征，品质 national traits 国民性 vs. traitor=阅读分类词汇 =科技ubiqui

8、tous普遍存在的 = omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile(人)多才多艺的， (物)通用的 versatilityalchemy炼金术transmute变形，变质 transmute silver into gold (!)arduous艰巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall陷阱，未预见之困难metallurgy冶金alloy合金aluminum= aluminium (BE) calcium, uranium, radium ,copper,brass,bronzeelectrode电极distil

9、l蒸馏 distilled waterquartz石英phosphorus磷，磷光物质inflammable易燃的 (flame)combustion燃烧 (combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)ceramic陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics)insulate隔离，绝缘 insulator ( conductorfiber纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics ( 纤维光学 )optics光学 ( optical)retina视网膜iris虹膜opaque不透明的 v.s. transparent, transl

10、ucentmicroprocessor 微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary二进制的integrateintegration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)buffer缓冲区 buffer storagebrowser浏览器 (IE, Netscape)hypertext超文本envisage想象，看作 en + vis(see) + age be envisaged asmomentous(极为 )重要的 v.s. momentaryreticular网状的Etherne

11、t以太网domain域 domain namescyberlaw网络法律 “ cyber-“ : Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe,patent专利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDschronological按时间顺序的 “ chron ” : time chronic, chronicle, chronographrobot机器人 ( “肉包它 ” ) roboticsartificial人造的，做作的 artificial satellite/smilecone圆锥体，锥形物 the n

12、ose cone of a missileJupiter木星Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant过度的，过分的，过高的 ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal向心 (力 )的 centrifugalhigh-rise高楼 ( skyscraper)cathedral大教堂dome圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)infrastructure基础设施 superstructuresewage污水，下水道hydraulic水力的，水压的landfill垃圾掩埋 (地)ventilation通风thermostat温控

13、器 thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer,thermonuclearprefabricate预先制造 prefab (预制的 )polytechnic各种工艺的 理工学校 Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric几何 (学 )的 geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)asymmetry不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry( )symmetryconcave凹的 convexbilateral双边的，两方面的 unilateralparadoxical“似非而是

14、 ”的paradox (悖论 )empirical经验的 empirical law/formulaclockwise顺时针的 ( anticlockwise=阅读分类词汇 =教育accommodation (膳宿 )供应 = room and boardlodging寄宿(处)lease出租 “ for lease” , “ to let ” v.s. renttenant房客，佃户landlord房东 landlady(f)? Lord, tenant ,housemate roommate,dormmate, schoolmate, classmatedormitory寝室 (abbre

15、v. dorm)au pairA young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing lighthousework(另) = reciprocalreciprocal相互的，互惠的hostelyouth hostel hotelreal estate房地产vicinity= neighborhoodflat平的，瘪的 flat tire 公寓 (= apartment) condo, studiobond= depositlinen亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单 (= bed linen)utensil器皿stationery文具 (

16、v.s. stationary)laundry洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria自助餐厅 canteencater满足 (需要 )aerobics有氧健身操 “ aero ” : airbadminton羽毛球 (运动)baseball棒球 baseball batsquash壁球 (运动 )amateur professionalgathering聚会 v.s. meeting, reunionexcursion远足 (= outing, expedition)commonwealth共和国，联邦 Commonwealth: 英联邦tertiary第三的 After purchasing a h

17、ouse and a car, the next major lifeexpenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primarysecondary tertiarypost-secondary “ post ” : afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral,-sale,post postwarilliterate文盲 不识字的 il(no) + literate(words) illiteracy( literacydiscipline学科，纪律 v.s. subjectterminolog

18、y术语facultydepartment and staff of a college/universitydean(大学)教务长curriculum课程 (= course) extracurricular课外的syllabus课程提纲calendar日历，日程 ( schedule, agenda, timetable)compulsory强制的，必修的 elective (选修的 )examiner examinee take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resitrecruit招生，招募 recruitment= enrollprestige

19、声望，威信 prestigiousesteem尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude智力 SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation录取入学vocation职业 (= calling, occupation, career) vocationalvocational educationTAFETechnical And Further Education (Australian)abbreviation缩略 (词 ) abridge (缩短，删节 )transferable(学分等 )可转换的schol

20、arship奖学金 = fellowshiptutorial辅导 (课)? tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue教员，学究 pedagogy (教育学，教学法 ) demagogue (政治煽动家 )lexicography词典编撰 ( lexicographer)assignment任务， (课外)作业dissertation论文 (= thesis)credential证明，文凭 “ cred ” : creditlinguistic credentialsalumni校友 (男 ) alumnaeoverestimate高估 ( underest

21、imatedecipher解码，解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber才干=阅读分类词汇 =文化homogeneous同质的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous homosexual,heterosexualmainstream主流 主流的dialect方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy差异misconception误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier障碍 (物 ) bar, = barricadediscrimination区别，

22、歧视 racial/sexual discrimination? discriminate (+against)hierarchy等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity岛国性质 (? insular, island) .microcosm小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia= homesicknesspatriot爱国者 ( traitorpatriotic, patriotismcompatriot同胞 同胞的 com + patriotvernacular本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话 the vernacular languag

23、es of IndiaHispanicAn American whose first language was Spanishimmigration移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration ( emigrant, emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sidesof the Earth “ from North America to the Antipodes”permeate渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepre

24、neur企业家 ( enterprise)entrepreneurshippractitioner开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebritya famous person= luminary, VIPproxy代理人anecdote轶事 ( anecdotal)notoriety恶名 (? notorious)counterpart对应人，对等物 Who s George Bush counterpartin Chinacounterculture, counterbalancepeer同等的人 凝视，窥视 ( peep)subordinate下级 下级的

25、 superiortactics战术，技巧 v.s. strategy 战(略，策略 ) marketing strategy v.s. sellingtacticsnuancea subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking类比分析punctual准时的，守时的 ( punctuality)absenteeism旷工 absent absenteeabsenteeismflextime弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + timeharass骚扰 ( harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually hara

26、ssed her.redundancy冗余，冗员 network redundancydownsize裁员 ( lay off)ballot投票 (= vote)impartial不偏不倚的 ( partiallobby大堂 (n.) 游说 (v.)shortlist(BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and fromwhich the successful person will be chosen (v.)equilibrium平衡，均衡questionnaire调查表，问卷quantitative定量的 ( qu

27、alitativecontingency偶然性，偶然事件incur招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation显示，证明 (? manifest)subtitle字幕，副标题 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE:underground, tube), suburb

28、( downtown, uptown, outskirts)dubbing配音录制vogue时尚 chicbizarre奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的 )mediocre平庸的dietitian饮食学家 ( diet)connoisseur行家，鉴赏家 entr e,a la carte=雅思阅读分类词汇 =- 生物 /生理molecule分子 molecularcellcellularaminoamino acids (氨基酸 )protein蛋白质enzyme酶 (proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in

29、specific biochemical reactions)catalyst催化剂chlorophyll叶绿素 “ chloro-” : Clphotosynthesis光合作用 (photo + synthesis)photosyntheticbotany植物学( zoology botanist, botanicalflora植物群fauna动物群bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌algae alga (pl.)海藻herbherbal: tea herbicide ( insecticide, pesticide)carna

30、tion康乃馨 reincarnationfade凋谢，褪色organism机体，组织 ? organarthropod节肢动物 v.s. anthropoid ()reptile爬行动物amphibian两栖动物mammal哺乳动物 (? mamma!)primate灵长目动物evolution进化 (? evolve)anthropoid类人猿 ( “ anthrop ” : humankind) anthropology, philanthropyv.s.ape, gorilla, chimpanzeegene基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (

31、基因组 )genetics遗传学 ( genetical)helix螺旋，螺旋壮物 analyze every single gene within the double helixof humanity s DNAidentical同一的 identity ( ID card) clonemutation突变 gene mutation mutable,immutable, mutantpredator捕食者 ( preyembryo胚胎 embryonic (萌芽的 )roe鱼子 caviar (鱼子酱 )tadpole蝌蚪 frog, toad ( told)caterpillar毛毛虫

32、 (cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT)grasshopper蚱蜢，蝗虫 (= locust)grass + hopper, bellhopcricket蟋蟀 (另)板球butterflyv.s. moth dragonfly, fireflypollen花粉 传粉 pollinate, pollinationhive蜂房 honey, concoctionlarva larvae (pl.) 幼虫 v.s. lavapupa蛹 pupatepenguin企鹅 v.s. dolphin (海豚 )raccoon浣熊 v.s

33、. kangaroo (袋鼠 )hibernate冬眠 (=hole up)torpid麻木的，蛰伏的 v.s. torpedo (鱼雷 )cerebral(大)脑的hemisphere半球 (hemi + sphere)cortex脑皮层migraine偏头疼 ? migrantsomatic躯体的limb四肢upper/lower limbanatomy解剖，剖析paralyze使瘫痪 (=incapacitate, immobilize)artery动脉 ( veingland腺体pancreas胰hormone荷尔蒙，激素cholesterol胆固醇efficacy功效 v.s. ef

34、ficiency, effectiveness=雅思阅读分类词汇 =环境问题conservation保护，保存 (? conserve)v.s. conversationenvironmentalist = conservationistacid酸 酸的 ( alkali acid raincarbon碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefumeexhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smogpetroleum石油 petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE) unleaded pet

35、rol/gasozone臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layerooze渗出 渗出物radiation辐射 ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactivegreenhouse温室 greenhouse effect/gasessolar太阳的 (solar energy) lunar (lunar calendar)phenomenon现象catastrophe = disaster, cataclysmdeterioration恶化 (? deteriorate)extinction灭绝 (? extinct)speciesendangered speci

36、esdrought干旱 (找“它 ”) famine v.s. floodingrecurrent反复发生的 re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrentinundate淹没 “淹掉它 ”embankment筑堤 (em + bank + ment)sediment沉积（物） = depositdelta三角洲 the Pearl River Deltaalluvial冲积的desertification(v.s. dessert)dust-storm沙尘暴 thunderstorm, brainstormbarren贫瘠的，不育的，无效的dunesand duneth

37、e game “ DUNE”!attributable归因于 be attributable todeforestation滥砍滥伐（森林）de + forest + ation afforestation/reforestationlog原木，日志 伐木 v.s. logovegetation植物，植被 v.s. vegetable, vegetarianhabitat栖息地 ? habit (Habit is the second nature.)ecosystem生态系统 (eco + system) ecologyviability? viable“ vi ”养:育life能力 One

38、 tool for assessing the impact offorestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.demographic人口统计的 demo(people) + graph(write) + icinterdependence inter + dependencecounterbalance 使平衡，弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balancemechanism机理，机制precipitation陡降，降水 (? precipice) evaporationcirculatio

39、n流通，循环tide tidal wave (海啸 ) ebb earthquaketyphoon tornado, hurricanemeteorology气象 (学)volcano火山eruption喷发 (? erupt)volcanic eruption lavagranite花岗岩imminent= impending v.s. eminentCelsius摄氏的 37OCv.s. centigradeFahrenheit华氏的latitude纬度 (另) longitude, altitudetropical? (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone,

40、temperate zone, frigid zoneglacier冰川dump倾倒，倾销 anti-dumpingcontaminate弄脏 ( contaminant)recycle回收再利用irreversible不可逆的 (= irrevocable)reclaim开垦，改造 reclamationcontentious有争议的 (? contend)Many environmental issues today are highlycontentious.opt选择 (+ for)optionprioritize优先考虑 (? prior, priority)=雅思分类词汇 =医院m

41、ental hospital精神病医院 clinic 诊所physician/internist内科医生 oculist/eye doctor 眼科医生surgon外科医生 dentist 牙医 vet 兽医 shrink 心理医生symptom症状have/catch a cold感冒have a sore throat嗓子痛have a stomachache胃痛have a fever发烧pneumonia肺炎flu流感have a cough咳嗽have a headache头痛have a toothache牙痛liver trouble肝炎allergy过敏症twisted/spr

42、ained 扭伤的feel dizzy头晕feel chilly觉得发冷asthma哮喘diabetics 糖尿病患者cramps 抽筋vomit/throw up/nauseate呕吐diarrhea 腹泻vomitive/pukey 恶心的luggies/phlegm 痰have a stuffed nose鼻子不通cholera 霍乱stiff neck 脖子发僵abscess脓肿yellow fever 黄热病hay fever 枯草热pills 药丸mixture 合剂eyedrops眼药水syrup 糖浆pad 药棉块vitamin 维他命tablet 药片penicillin 盘

43、尼西林antibiotic抗生素ointment 药膏medication 药物aspirin 阿司匹林bandage绷带syringe 注射器stethoscope听诊器injection 注射preventive injection 预防针gauze 纱布cold cure 感冒药sweating medicine发汗药febrifuge 退烧药capsule 胶囊case history病历extract 拔牙take ones temperature量体温see a doctor看病send for a doctor请医生feel ones pulse量脉搏take ones bloo

44、d pressure量血压give a prescription 开药方have an operation 动手术make an appointment预约=雅思分类词汇 = 生活咨询 make a reservation预定 confirm a reservation确认预定cancel ones reservation取消预定 frist come,frist serve 先到先服务原则 layover/stopover 中途停留 timetable 时刻表fare 票价 toll 通行费 saver ticket 优惠票 open ticket 开放机票 one-way ticket 单

45、程票 round-trip ticket 往返票airport tax 机场税 duty-free shop 免税店 excess charge超重 vacant seat空座 direct/non-stop flight 直达航班 connecting-flight 转机 book 预定 destination 目的地frist class 头等仓 business class商务仓economy class经济仓van 中巴shuttle bus班车 airport limousine 机场大巴berth 铺位（火车上）pullman 卧铺车scenic spot景点 extra char

46、ge/surcharge附加费fulling-booked 满了 seat arrangement/assignment定座 E.T.A(estimated time of arrival)预计到达时间 E.T.D(estimated time of departure)预计起飞时间常用句型Id like to book_?Id like to order_?Waht hour are you open_?waht time do you open/close_?=雅思分类词汇 = 银行交易1）常用词汇bank book/pass book存折 open an account开户 earn i

47、nterest赚取利息 savings account储蓄存款帐户current account活期存款帐户 check/cheque account支票帐户 deposit account定期存款帐户 annual interest rate年利率monthly savings account按月计息帐户 daily interest account按天计息帐户 instant account速成户头 service charge服务费 /手续费 signature card签名卡 draw/withdraw 提款order check/cheque记名支票 rubber check/che

48、que空头支票 blank check/cheque空白支票 exchange rate汇率 denomination=face value 面额 four in hundred 四张一百元面额 give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额bill 钞票 change零钱cash 现金 password/code密码amount in figures 小写金额 amount in words 大写金额 credit card 信用卡 the balance of your bank account帐户余额 traveler s check/chque旅行支票 co

49、in 硬币penny 便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬币dime（美、加）的十分硬币unit 货币单位value/worth 面值 ounce 盎司 1/16 磅 commercial/merchant bank商业银行 full refund 全额偿还 extension 延期 overdraw/overdraft 透支rebate 回扣 payday 发薪日pay slip/envelop 薪水单 a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款 mortgage 抵押 by installment 分期付款apply for/grant_a loan申请 /批准贷款debt 债务 collateral 担保物fill out/in 填写 chquebook/checkbook支票簿loan 贷款 joint account 联名帐户expense account公款支付帐户cashier 收银员teller 银行职员statement对帐单money order 汇票 accountant会计A