2021高考英语一轮复习必修5Unit5Firstaid课时作业含解析新人教版202101192151.doc
2021高考英语一轮复习必修5课时作业含解析打包5套新人教版
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unit 1great scientists课时作业.阅读astephen hawking, the brilliant british theoretical physicist who published wildly popular books exploring the mysteries of the universe, has died, according to a family spokesman. he was 76.considered by many to be the worlds greatest living scientist, hawking was also a cosmologist, astronomer, mathematician and author of numerous books including the landmark “a brief history of time”， which has sold more than 10 million copies.with fellow physicist roger penrose, hawking combined einsteins theory of relativity with quantum theory to suggest that space and time would begin with the big bang and end in black holes. he also discovered that black holes were not completely black but emit radiation and would likely eventually evaporate and disappear. “it will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet earth in the next 100 years, let alone next thousand, or million. the human race shouldnt have all its eggs in one basket or on one planet. lets hope we can avoid dropping the basket until we have spread the load.”hawking suffered from als (amyotrophic latcral sclerosis), a disease which is usually deadly within a few years. he was diagnosed in 1963, when he was 21, and doctors initially gave him only a few years to live. the disease left hawking wheelchairbound and paralyzed. he was able to move only a few fingers on one hand and was completely dependent on others or on technology for everythingbathing, dressing, eating, even speech. dramatically, he even gueststarred in the “star trek”， “the simpsons” and the 2014 movie “the theory of everything”.hawkings children, lucy, robert and tim, said in a statement, “he was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years. we will miss him forever.”1from the passage, we can learn that _.ahawking was diagnosed with the fatal disease since he was bornbhawking was once the main character in the movie and tv serieschawking just published one book titled “a brief history of time”dhawking had to rely on other people and technology to do everything in life答案：d细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“he was able to move only a few fingers on one hand and was completely dependent on others or on technology for everythingbathing, dressing, eating, even speech.”可知，霍金的日常生活不得不依靠其他人和技术的帮助。故选d。2which of the following is not believed by stephen hawking?athe space and time would end in black holes.bblack holes are not exactly black in color.cthe disasters can be avoided in the next thousand or million years.dblack holes can give off radiation and will disappear in the end.答案：c推理判断题。根据第三段中的“it will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet earth in the next 100 years, let alone next thousand, or million.”可知，霍金认为在接下来的100年里，要避免在地球上发生灾难将会很困难，更不用说下一千年或者数百万年。c项错误，故选c。3what does the underlined sentence mean?athe humans should explore other planets to live.bthe humans should stay together to fight the disasters.cthe earth will be destroyed if humans continue to live here.dno other planets can replace the earth as the living place.答案：a推理判断题。本句直译为人类不应将所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里或一颗星球上，即人类应该探索其他星球，故选a。4what would be the best title of the passage?aa star just went out in the universebthe achievements of stephen hawkingcstephen hawkings suffering of the diseasedthe predictions of the great man答案：a主旨大意题。本文先告知了霍金去世的消息，然后回忆了他的生平事迹和主要成就，故a项最能概括文章的主旨大意，故选a。【词汇积累】quantum n. 量子evaporate v. 蒸发emit vt. 发出，射出，散发suffer from 患病；受之苦【佳句背诵】the human race shouldnt have all its eggs in one basket or on one planet.人类不应该把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里或一颗星球上。balbert einstein had a great effect on science and history, and his achievement was even greater than what only a few other great scientists have achieved. an american university president once said that einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. it may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity of time and space and so onbut even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.by 1914 young einstein had been worldfamous. he accepted the offer to become a professor at the prussian academy of science in berlin. he had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quietness were broken by world war .einstein hated fighting and killing. the great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. he lost interest in his research. only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.in the year following world war i, honours were increasingly put on him. he became head of the kaiser whihem institute of theoretical physics. but he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people. he was well known for his humble manner. he often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived. in 1921 he won the nobel prize, and he was honoured in germany until the rise of nazism when he was driven from germany because he was a jew.5it seems to the american university president that _.aeinstein achieved more than any other scientist in historybeverybody understands einsteins scientific ideas cthe new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyonedour ideas about the universe are different today because of einstein答案：d细节理解题。由第一段最后两句可知，现在人们对宇宙的看法发生了转变，而这是因为爱因斯坦提出的新的宇宙观。故选d。6einstein did his greatest work _.awhen nazism rosebwhen he was youngcduring world war dafter he left europe答案：b推理判断题。由第三段和最后一段可知爱因斯坦在一战和纳粹时期，几乎没有正常工作，排除a项和c项；本文也没有讲述他离开欧洲以后的科研情况，排除d项；由第二段第一句和最后一段可知，b项所述正确。故选b。7from the passage we can know that _.agermans usually have a high respect for sciencebeinstein had other interests besides scienceceinstein was forced to work again in 1918deinstein led a quiet life during world war 答案：a推理判断题。由第二段最后一句中的“his peace . were broken by world war ”排除d；由第三段最后一句排除c；由最后一段中的“he was honoured in germany”可推知，德国人民尊敬爱因斯坦，尊敬科学。b项文中未提及。故选a。【词汇积累】identity n. 本体；特征humble adj. 谦逊的nazism n. 纳粹主义【长难句分析】in 1921 he won the nobel prize, and he was honoured in germany until the rise of nazism when he was driven from germany because he was a jew.1921年，他获得了诺贝尔奖，并在德国备受尊敬，直到纳粹主义兴起时，他因为是犹太人而被赶出德国。分析：此句是由and连接的并列句， until the rise of nazism . 是时间状语，在这个时间状语中when he was driven from germany是定语从句修饰先行词 the rise of nazism, because he was a jew是原因状语从句。c(2020安徽六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)dr john wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 until 1672. he was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there. wilkins believed that anything as earthlike as the moon must have been created by god for living beings, and he was determined to meet themdespite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.in the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space was limited. wilkins believed, like many 17thcentury scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of earth and the conditions in space, and that earths pull was due to magnetism (磁力). it was only reasonable, then, that wilkins believed a twowheeled horsedrawn battle car with wings with enough speed could lift high enough off the ground to break free of earths magnetic pull and reach the moon.then wilkins moved on to more pressing issues with his remarkable ability to think of new ideas: how would travelers feed themselves during the journey? he theorized that the main cause of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the moon without being burdened by it would be able to be realized. there was some knowledge at that time about the fact that air gets thinner and colder the higher up you go, but he had a fix for that too, “moistened sponges (湿润的海绵) might help us against its thinness”.by studying the way in which birds fly, which also happened to be part of the studies that led to planes and rockets centuries later, wilkins put his theory to the test with the help of a colleague, robert hooke. neither of the two ever recorded their attempts, but its somewhat safe to say that it didnt work out. hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope, in fact, since he was part of the team that discovered space was a place without oxygen.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰威尔金斯博士是一位自然哲学家，他疯狂地想要登上月球，并为此在理论上做了很多准备。8what do we know about dr john wilkins?ahe dreamed of landing on the moon.bhe wrote about people living on the moon.che urged the public to know more about space.dhe had a rich knowledge of space in the 1670s.答案：a细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there.”可知，dr john wilkins梦想着登上月球。故选a。9which of the following might wilkins agree with?athe air on the moon is not fit for human beings.bpeople dont need to eat things on the moon.cearths magnetism can be changed easily.doxygen doesnt exist in outer space.答案：b推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话可知，wilkins认为饥饿的原因与重力相反的行为有关，所以他同意人们不需要在不受重力影响的月球上吃东西。故选b。10what can be concluded from paragraphs 2&3?awilkins had prepared a lot in theory.bwilkins was ready for his moonlanding.cwilkins made a great contribution to philosophy.dwilkins was the greatest natural philosopher in history.答案：a推理判断题。根据第二段中wilkins提出的观点以及第三段转向更紧迫问题的研究可推知，wilkins在理论上做了很多准备。故选a。11what is the authors purpose in writing the text?ato honor a great scientist.bto encourage studies on outer space.cto introduce an early attempt of moonlanding.dto inform people of the knowledge about the universe.答案：c推理判断题。整篇文章讲述了wilkins对登月的执著和向往以及他对登月所做的一系列研究和发现，所以作者的目的是通过wilkins介绍早期的登月尝试。故选c。【词汇积累】gravity n. 重力；地球引力pressing adj. 紧急的；急迫的be crazy about 着迷于；狂热爱好【长难句分析】hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope, in fact, since he was part of the team that discovered space was a place without oxygen.胡克放弃希望的原因可能是他自己，事实上，因为他是发现太空是一个没有氧气的地方的团队的一员。分析：这是一个主从复合句。since引导原因状语从句，in fact作插入语，主句hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope中，reason后是一个定语从句he gave up hope。.语法填空(2020全国新高三开学联考)a new exhibit at a california museum provides visitors _1_ a modern version of the ancient chinese art style, “shan shui hua”， _2_ (mean) “mountain water painting” in english. the works show scenes of mountains, rivers and sometimes waterfalls. chinese artists have been creating the brush and ink works for more than 1,000 years.artists nick dong and chitsung wu _3_ (find) ways to connect the new, digital generation to this _4_ (tradition) kind of art several years ago. their works capture the spirit of the style in a new way. the exhibit forces the viewers _5_ (slow) down and experience a different world. that was also one of the _6_ (goal) of shan shui hua artists from long ago.dong, _7_ was born in taiwan and now lives in northern california, said, “_8_ (actual), the exhibit was for all these artists to create a world where they wanted to hide. so, they created a mountain and imagined they could live there.”one work involves a slowly moving light directed at clear plastic boxes on a wall. the piece, _9_ (create) by wu, is called crystal city. wu said, “if we see this through the light, through the different perspective (视角), we could see theres _10_ new world behind that.”1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在加利福尼亚一家博物馆展出了中国山水画的事件。1with考查介词。provide sb. with sth.意为“提供某物给某人”，固定用法。故填with。2meaning考查非谓语动词。句中逻辑主语“shan shui hua”与mean之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。3found考查动词的时态。 根据“several years ago”可知，空格处应该用一般过去时，故填found。4traditional考查词性转换。该空修饰名词kind, 故要用形容词形式。故填traditional。5to slow考查非谓语动词。force sb. to do sth.表示“使某人做某事”。故填to slow。6goals考查名词。one of 后面接名词复数。故填goals。7who考查定语从句的引导词。 空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是dong指人，故填who。8actually考查词性转换。该空在句中作状语，用副词形式。故填actually。9created考查非谓语动词。create与the piece之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用create的过去分词形式，故填created。10a考查冠词。此处表示“一个新的世界”，是泛指。故填a。unit 2the united kingdom课时作业.阅读(2020云南省曲靖市第一中学高考复习质量监测(三)british scientists seeking to protect the environment have designed a biodegradable mobile phone cover that breaks down in soil when discarded and sprouts (发芽) a flower from a seed put inside the case. researchers at the university of warwick in central england said the novel device, made from a specially designed polymer (聚合材料), is a blessing for the environmentalists.millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year as the industry produces large quantities of new models without caring about the quality. “it is really original in the phone industry and consumers are happy because they feel they are doing something for the local environment，” said kerry kirwan from the university of warwick. designers have made the hesitant users feel sure that the seed, put into a transparent window, only sprouts when the phone cover is discarded. “we put sunflower seeds into the covers of the samples, but we are working with gardening researchers to identify which other flowers would perform best. maybe we could put poppies (虞美人) or roses next time，” said kirwan.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新颖的有利于环保的手机壳。1why is the new mobile phone unique?ait is popular with young people.bit is environmentally friendly.cthe user can make it flower whenever he or she likes.dits colour is beautiful.答案：b细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段第二句可知，这款手机的新颖、独特之处在于它有利于环保。故选 b。2what does the underlined word “discarded” mean?athrown away.bupdated.ccleaned.dreplaced.答案：a词义猜测题。从第一段第一句可推出这款手机壳只有先遗弃在土壤中，然后才会在土壤中分解，发芽。并且，从第二段第一句中的“thrown away”也可得知discard是“扔掉，遗弃”的意思。故选a。3what can be a suitable title for the text?agood news for environmentalistsbpromising mobile phonecchanging wastes into valuablesdflowering mobile phone答案：d标题判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，本篇文章的主旨是介绍这款手机的新颖之处，它的外壳遗弃在土壤中能分解，能使种子开花从而有利于环保。d选项符合题意，且增强文章的趣味性。4in which section of a magazine may this text appear?aentertainment.bscience and technology.ceducation.dhealth.答案：b推理判断题。从文章的写作风格及内容(介绍了一款新科技的手机)可知选b。【词汇积累】biodegradable adj. 可生物降解的novel adj. 新颖的identify v. 确认millions of 无数的【长难句分析】millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year as the industry produces large quantities of new models without caring about the quality.每年都有数百万的手机被丢弃，因为手机行业在不考虑质量的情况下生产了大量的新款手机。分析：此句是主从复合句。as引导原因状语从句。.完形填空i can still remember the first time that i decided to help a child from the philippines. the _1_ that helping her gives me, however, is beyond _2_. it connects me to her, to life, _3_ to love. i was only a teenager myself and had a little extra _4_ each month. i didnt feel like _5_ anything, though. we had _6_ everything we had in a house fire a few years before. _7_ that had taught me a lot. i had learned that i didnt need a lot of “stuff” to be _8_. i had also read a lot about the _9_ of children in poor countries around the world. it seemed like a far better thing then to give what i could to help them. with my moms love and _10_， i soon found a few organizations like children international that were _11_ others around the world. it felt so good being able to reach out and help another _12_. it felt so good being able to make even one life better. i could feel the compassion and _13_ growing within me and beginning to change me. empathy (同情) does change us. it helps us to _14_， to be kind, and to make this world a _15_ place. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者资助外国小孩儿的故事，告诉我们这样一个道理：同情心让我们去爱别人，让我们变得更加善良，也会让这个世界变得更加美好。1a.wealthbanxietycchallengedjoy答案：d“我”自愿帮助她，而帮助她给“我”带来了快乐(joy)。故选d。2a.imaginationbcomplaintcpricedreach答案：c帮助她给“我”带来的快乐是无价的。beyond price “无价的；宝贵的”。故选c。3a.butbandcsodor答案：b“to her, to life”和“to love”为并列关系。它将“我”和她、生活以及爱联系在一起。故选b。4a.moneybtimecenergydlabor答案：a根据语境可知，作者年少时，每月会有一点额外的零花钱(money)。故选a。5a.doingbbuyingcfacingdmissing答案：b虽然有点零花钱，但是“我”不想买(buying)任何东西。故选b。6a.storedbfoundclostdsearched答案：c几年前家里着火，我们失去了(lost)一切。故选c。7a.putting asidebtaking oncpaying fordgoing through答案：dput aside “把放在一边；储存备用”；take on “呈现”；pay for “为付钱”；go through “经历”。句意：经历了那件事让我学会了很多。故选d。8a.happybrelaxedcenergeticdpositive答案：a“我”不需要拥有很多东西就能快乐(happy)。故选a。9a.educationbsufferingctaledanger答案：b由“children in poor countries around the world”可知，作者也了解到了生活在贫穷国家的孩子所遭遇的不幸。suffering “苦难；痛苦”。故选b。10a.couragebbeliefcsupportdfaith答案：c句意：在母亲的爱与支持(support)下，我找到了一些如国际儿童等这样的组织。故选c。11a.treatingbpraisingchonoringdserving答案：d根据前文作者通过捐赠来帮助他们可知，作者找到的这些组织是为全世界的人们服务(serving)的。故选d。12a.in needbin peacecin feardin silence答案：ain need “处于危难中；在穷困中”，是固定短语。句意：能够伸出援手帮助处在穷困中的人，让自己感觉很好。故选a。13a.reliefbempathyceasedguilty答案：b“我”可以感受到自己的怜悯之心和同情心(empathy)正在慢慢改变着自己。and表示并列关系，前后词意应一致，下段第一句也是提示。故选b。14a.donatebthinkclovedstudy答案：c同情心帮助我们去爱(love)别人。故选c。15a.biggerbsafercsmallerdbetter答案：d句意：同情心帮助我们去爱别人，让我们变得更加善良，也会让这个世界变得更加美好(better)。故选d。.七选五(2020内蒙古鄂尔多斯市第一中学高三月考)four simple steps to be truly thankfulthanksgiving is more than pie and turkey. its about helping and loving the family, friends and world around you. the following tips will help you show your thankfulness.1familya lot can happen in a year. your family may have added some loved ones and lost some at the same time. _1_， and let your family know how important they are to you and how glad you are that you all could get together.2friendsdo what you always dothrow a party. in college, chicago natives heather and nosheen threw a dinner party for their friends on thanksgiving and came up with hantde: heather and nosheens thanksgiving day extravaganza. _2_.“handte is a reunion time that we all look forward to every year，” heather says. “_3_， so hantde has become a time to see and be with each other.”3community (社区)you could volunteer at a local soup kitchen or bring unused items to a food bank. _4_. this year, heather and nosheen are asking their hantde guests to offer a donation, which they will donate to help lowincome families.4self_5_， for example, the debts you paid off or the friends youve made. being able to give thanks for yourself and what youve done is the first step to being able to show thankfulness to others.astop racing for the next raiseblook back on your recent achievementsctake the time to raise a glass during dinnerdyou could also turn your celebration into a good causeewe have jobs now and dont see each other that muchfwhat started in their dorm room now is a yearly traditiongperhaps a family member is fighting against a deadly disease篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了感恩节需要表达感谢的几个对象。1c根据设空处后一句“let your family know how important they are”可知，设空处是为达目的要采取的行动，所以 c选项中符合要达到这一目的所需的行动，故选c。2f设空处下文出现“every year”，选项 f中的yearly和这一词汇是同义词，属于词汇复现，据此可知，f符合题意。3e根据设空处后出现的“. become a time to see and be with each other”可知，设空处应该是“dont see each other that much”，这样前后才能呼应，故选e。4d根据设空处前出现的volunteer以及设空处后出现的donation可知，本段讲在社区做慈善事业。故选d。5b设空处为段首句，这一段的小标题就是段落主旨，给出的建议是要先学会感谢自己，才能对别人表达感谢。在七个选项中b选项是要回顾自己的近期成就，有了回顾才能总结感谢自己，故选b。.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。on the christmas of 1949 we didnt have a tree. my dad had as much pride as anybody, i suppose, so he wouldnt just say that we couldnt afford one. when i mentioned it, my mother said that we werent going to have one this year. i wanted a tree badly and i thought that if we had one, everybody would feel better.about three days before christmas, it was very late and it was snowing. i went to an apartment building to try to catch a customer who hadnt paid me for my newspapers for nearly two month
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