(压轴专讲)2015年中考英语命题要点强化与新题预测非谓语动词

1、2015年中考命题要点强化与新题预测非谓语动词【考点串讲】中考对非谓语动词的考查主要有：1动名词和动词不定式作主语；2动名词和动词不定式作表语，宾语；3动词不定式作宾语补足语；4动词不定式作目的状语；5固定短语搭配。高频考向一不定式1构成：to动词原形，即：to do形式。其否定形式为：not to do。如：The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老师告诉我放学后完成我的作业。2动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。作主语To help the old is o

2、ur duty.帮助老人是我们的职责。注意：动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。“It's adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)”。这一句型中常用表示性质、品格的形容词，常用的有good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。如：It's kind of you to help me.你帮了我，你真好。“It

3、's adj.for sb.不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说”。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有用的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)等。如：Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说，爬上那个高树是危险的。作表语To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着并不是为了吃饭。作宾语常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide(决

4、定)，expect(期望)，forget(忘记)，hope(希望)，pretend(假装)，try(尽力)等。如：I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行车。作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask(要求)，tell(告诉)，want(想要)，teach(教)，wish(希望)，help(帮助)，warn(警告)，invite(邀请)，encourage(鼓励)等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她的姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。She asked me to answer the phone wh

5、ile she was out.当她出去的时候，她叫我接电话。作定语动词不定式作定语时，常置于被修饰名词之后作后置定语，且被修饰的名词与不定式的动词有动宾关系或介宾关系。如：He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(动宾)He has no friends to talk with.他没朋友可以与之交谈。(介宾)注意：当不定式修饰的名词是time，place或way时，不定式后的介词习惯省去。如：He had no place to live(in)他没地方住。有些名词常可用不定式作定语。如：a chance to go to school上学的机会no tim

6、e to think about rest没时间考虑休息a way to learn(of learning)English学习英语的一种方法作状语They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)他们跑过来欢迎我们。Paul is too excited to say anything.(表结果)保罗激动得说不出话来。I'm sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉打扰你。注意：有些动词不定式在使用时，要省去to。具体有：在动词let，feel，see，look at，watch，have，make，notice，hear等动词后，动词不定式作宾语时

7、，要省略to。但在变被动语态时要加上。如：I heard someone knock at the door.我听到有人在敲门。We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。在would you please，had better，why not，would rather等结构的句型后，要用不带to的不定式。如：Would you please make your bed？请整理下你的床，好吗？You'd better go to bed early.你最好早点睡觉。3特殊疑问词动词不定式能接不定式的疑问词有：what，which，how，who，when，w

8、here等。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如：I don't know what to do.我不知该做什么。I don't know how to do it.我不知道该怎么去做这事。I don't know what to do about it.关于这件事，我不知该做些什么。The question is who to go.问题是谁去。【例1】 How kind you are！You always do what you can _ others.(2013，十堰)Ahelp Bhelping Chelps Dto help解析：动词不定式作状语。句意为“

9、你总是尽你所能来帮助别人”。答案：_D_【例2】 My parents often tell me_too much junk food because it's bad for my health.(2013，临沂)Anot eating Bnot to eatCeating Dto eat解析：tell sb.(not) to do sth.意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”，动词不定式做宾语；由原因状语从句句意“因为那对我的健康不利”可知，此处应用动词不定式的否定形式。答案：_B_【例3】 Why are you so excited today?We were told_a pic

10、nic this weekend.(2013，南京)Ahave Bto haveChaving Dhad解析：答语是一个被动语态的句子，结合选项内容可知句意为“我们被告知这个周末要去野餐”。tell (sb.) to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，其被动形式为(sb.)be told to do sth.。答案：_B_【例4】 Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?_abroad for further study.(2013，泰安)AGo BGone CTo go DGoes解析：疑问词why用于提问原因，动词不定式结构可用来表示目的，回

11、答原因。答案：_C_【例5】 Students should learn how _ problem.(2013，雅安)Asolve BsolvingCcan solve Dto solve解析：“特殊疑问词动词不定式”在句中作宾语。答案：_D_高频考向二动名词动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用处。(主语)My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。(表语)She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。(宾语)There is

12、a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。(定语)注意：(1)初中阶段常见的接动名词的动词或动词短语有：enjoy(喜欢)，finish(完成)，keep(保持)，practice(练习)，mind(介意)，suggest(建议)，be busy(忙于)；be worth(值得)，can't help(禁不住)，give up(放弃)，be used to(习惯于)，stop/prevent/keepfrom(阻止)，look forward to(盼望)；feel like(想要)；be good at(擅长)；be interested in(对感兴趣)；succ

13、eed in(成功)等。(2)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：【要点强化】【例1】【2013山东临沂】31. My parents often tell me too much junk food because its bad for my health.A. not eatingB. not to eatC. eatingD. to eat【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语动词tell构成的常见结构为“tell sb to do sth”或“tell sb not to do sth”。又句意为：我的父母告诉我不要吃太多的垃圾食品，因为他对我的健康有害。故

14、应用动词不定式的否定式。答案：_B_【例2】【2013浙江杭州】24. Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains.A. to goB. goingC. goD. went【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。不定式to go做结果状语，由句意“她的年龄还没足够达到去爬山的地步”。be enough to do sth 是固定句型，足够达到什么程度做某事。答案：_A_【例3】【2013重庆】38He lost his keyIt made him _in the cold to wait for his wifes returnAto stay B sta

15、yed Cstays Dstay解析：本题考查非谓语动词。make sb. do表示使某人做某事。句意为“他丢失了钥匙，这使他呆在寒风中等待他妻子回来”。答案：_D_【例4】【2013湖南邵阳】25. What about a rest?Let's go for a walk.A. to take B. take C. taking【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。What about 后接名词或者动名词。选C。答案：_C_1【2013，青岛】Excuse me.Could you please tell me _B_ my car?Sure.Park is right here.I

16、9;ll help you.Ahow to stop Bwhere to parkCwhere to stop Dwhen to park2【2013，嘉兴】 I'm new here.Don't worry.I'll do what I can _B_ you.Ahelp Bto help Cinvite Dto invite3【2013，上海】Even Tony's granddaughter，a fiveyearold girl，asked him _C_ smoking.Agive up Bgave upCto give up Dgiving up4【2

17、013，天津】He promised _D_ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.Asee Bseeing Csaw Dto see5【2013，内江】Our English teacher often says to us，“_B_ English well is very important.” ALearn BLearningCLearned DTo learning【新题预测】【上海市徐汇区2014年中考二模】34. It is not very easy for the Chinese _ for a visa(签证) to the U

18、SA. A) apply B) to apply C) applying D) applied【答案】A42. Ill invite you to my new flat as soon as I finish _ it. A) decorating B) decorate C) to decorate D) decorated【答案】32.A【上海市虹口区2014年中考二模】38. My little brother hopes _ the film Dad, Where are We Going, though he has seen it twice.A) to see B) see C

19、) to seeing D) saw【答案】A39. While in college, Mak never minded _ extra work for his class.A) to do B) doing C) do D) did【答案】39. B 【上海市金山区2014年中考二模】( ) 42. Children are often warned _ with fire.A) not to playB) to playC) dont playD) doesnt play【答案】A【南京市高淳区2014年中考一模】11. Its raining heavily outside. Indeed. I prefer _ at home _ on such a day. A. stay; to go outB. to stay; go outC. staying; to going out D. staying; going out【答案】11.C【江苏省兴化市2014届九年级中考网上阅卷适应