中考英语复习语言基础知识第10课八年级下册Units1_2基础知识

1、第10课八下Units 12课前预热中考词汇拓展重1. stomachache腹痛；胃痛14.notice通知；注后占 八、2.throat喉咙15.lonely孤独的易错单3.fever发烧16.strong强烈的；强壮的4.cough咳嗽17.raise募集词5.toothache牙痛18.alone独自；单独6.headache头痛19.repair修理7.passenger 乘客20.letter信8.sick生病的21.disabled_有残疾的9.ourselves我们自己22.blind瞎的10.blood_血23.deaf聋的11.spirit勇气；意志；精神24.imagin

2、e_想象12.nurse_护士25.clever_聪明的13.sign.标志；信号26.change_变化；改变词1.foot (n.)一 feet(pl.)脚；足13. own (v. & adj. ) f owner_ (n.)物主；汇2.lie (v.)主人拓lay(过去式)i展一 lain(过去分词)一 lying(现在分词)平躺；躺3. hurt (v. ) 一 hurt(过去式/过去分词)一 hurting(现在分词)(使)疼痛；受伤4. hit (n. & v. ) 一 hit (过去式/过去分词)一 hitting (现在分词)(用手或器具)击；打5. sick (adj. )

3、 f sickness(n.)疾病；生病6. climb (v. ) f climber(n.)登山者；攀登者7. knife(n. ) knives(pl.) 刀8. important (adj. ) f importance(n.)重要；重要性9. cheer (v. ) 一 cheerful(adj.)快乐的；愉快的；局兴的10. strong (adj. ) f strongly(adv.) 强有力地；坚强地f weak (反义词)虚弱的；无力的11. feel (v. ) - felt(过去式/过去分词)14. break(v. ) 一 broken(adj.)破损的；残缺的15.

4、 able(adj. ) 一 ability(n.)能力一 disable(v.)使丧失能力;使残废一 disabled(adj.)丧失能力的；有残疾的16. imagine (v. ) imagination(n.)想象；想象力17. difficult(adj. ) 一 difficulty (n.)困难；难题18. train (v. ) 一 training(n.)训练；培训一 trainer(n.) 教练；训练员19. kind (adj. ) f kindness(n.)仁怒；善良20. she (pron. ) 一 her(人称代词宾语)她fher(形容词性物主代词)她的fher

5、s(名词性物主代词)她的fherself(反身代词)她自己21. we (pron. ) us (人称代词宾语)我们一 our(形容词性物主代词)我们的感到；感觉ffeeling_ (n.)感觉；感触一 ours(名词性物主代词)我们的一 ourselves(反身代词)我们自己12. satisfy足；满忌(v. ) satisfaction(n.) 满一 satisfied的(adj.)感到满足的；感到满忌中考词组短语词组1. have a cold 感冒22. try out 试用；参力口选拔2. lie down 躺下23. fix up 修理3. take one s temperat

6、ure 量体温24. take after 像4. have a fever 发烧25. set up 建起5. take breaks 休息26. make a difference有影响；有作用6. get off 卜车27. have a sore throat喉咙痛7. right away=at once立即； 马上28. shout for help呼救8. get into trouble陷入麻烦29. without thinking twice是不犹豫9. be used to(doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事30. wait for the next bus等卜一班

7、车10. take risks冒险31. think about oneself考虑某人自己11. run out(of)用尽12. cut off 切除13. get out of.从 出来14. give up 放弃15. clean up 打扫16. give out=hand out分发17. come up with 想出18. put off 推迟19. call up 打电话给(某人)20. used to do.曾经常常做,过去常常做21. care for 照顾32. put on 穿上33. mind doing sth.介意做杲事34. at the age of.在 岁

8、时35. worry about 担心36. a friend of mine我的一位朋友37. be excited about.对 感到兴奋38. help sb. out帮某人脱离困境39. feel lucky to do sth.对做某事感到幸运40. be strong in.在 方面强41. work out fine起到很好的效果中考句型回顾书向表达素材1 .健康与急救 To his surprise , they all agreed to go with him.令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。 Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers

9、, the old man was saved by the doctors in time .多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。 He had problems (in) breathing just now.他刚才呼吸困难。 Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, andof beingin control of one s life.Aron讲了做好决定的重要性和掌握生命的重要性。2.志愿服务与慈善 The girl could visit the sick children in the hospita

10、l to cheer them up .那个女孩可以看望医院里生病的孩子们，让他们高兴起来。 I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time .我可以做我喜欢做的事情，同时也能帮助别人。 However, few people think about what they can do to help others.然而，很少有人考虑他们能做些什么来帮助别人。I m similar to her.我和她很相似。 You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.有了你的帮

11、助，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿” 。 Wewill give away themoney from the sale to homeless people .我们将把从义卖中得到的钱捐给无家可归的人。 Volunteering ourtime to help these people is a good way to spend our freetime.奉献我们的时间去帮助这些人是一个消磨空闲时光的好方法。语法精萃She hurt herself .她弄伤了自己。（反身代词） You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer

12、them up.你可以请求医院让你看望儿童并鼓舞他们。（动词不定式作宾补，could表建议）情景交际-What s the matter with you? 你怎么了 ？ I have a stomachache.我胃痛。 You shouldn t eat so much next time.下次另U吃这么多。课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、get的用法【例句展示】1. I got good grades in this exam.在这次考试中，我取得了好成绩。2. She got a letter from Tom.她收到了汤姆的来信。3. She got angry with her br

13、other.她生她哥哥/ 弟弟的气。4. She gets a lot of homework to do every day.她每天有很多作业要做。5. She often gets home late.她经常迟回家。6. Her mother got her a dress.她妈妈给她买了一条裙子。7. Autumn comes and the leaves get yellow.秋天来了，树叶变黄了。8. We also learn how to get along with others at school.我们在学校也学习如何与他人相处。9. I can t get what you

14、 are talking about.我搞不懂你们在说什么。10. Someone got hit on the head.有人头上被撞了一下。【精讲辨析】get 作动词，相当于achieve, take, become, have, arrive, receive, 意为“得到；变得；收到；有；到达；拿来；买到；理解”等。 get 还可与过去分词连用，如： get hit 受到撞击； get hurt 受伤； get lost 迷路； get married 结婚； get dressed 穿衣服； get sunburned晒伤。相关短语：get up 起床；get （to）至U达；get

15、 home 至U家；get ready for. 为做准备；get on （off ）上车（下车）；get away离开；get back 回来；get along （on） with sb.与某人相处；get out of. 从出来；get together 相聚；get over 克服。【活学活用】A）用get的适当形式填空。1. It s cold. I shall put my coat on.2. She will write to you as soon as sheto Guangxi.B）根据汉语提示完成句子。3. Wewill （相聚） with some friends f

16、or a picnic this weekend. Would youlike tocome?4. You should try to （克服） the problems you meet.2、 open 的用法【例句展示】1. Please open the door.请开门。2. The door is open now.现在门开着。【精讲辨析】1. open 作动词，意为“打开” ，其反义词是close 。2. open 也可作形容词，意为“开着的”closed 。【活学活用】用 open 的适当形式填空。That clothes storeat 9:00 a.m. And it for

17、 12 hours a day. It s8:30 p.m., so itstillnow.3、 rest 的用法【例句展示】1. You should have a good rest.你应该好好休息一下。 （作名词）2. I want to rest at home and read a novel this weekend.这周末我想留在家中休息和看小说。 （作动词）3. The rest of our family went to the movies.我们家的其余人都去看电影了。 （作名词）【精讲辨析】1. rest 作名词或动词，意为“休息” 。2. rest 作名词，还可意为“余

18、下的人或物” 。相关短语：have a rest休息一下；the rest of. 剩余的。注： the rest of+n. 作主语时，其谓语动词单复数与后面的名词保持一致。类似的结构还有some of.， half of.及百分数、分数等。【活学活用】A）根据汉语提示完成句子。1. Good （休息） can help us study better.2. Some students went to the old people s home, the （剩余的） of themvolunteered in the hospital.B）用所给词的适当形式填空。3. The rest of

19、 the students （ be ） not allowed to leave the classroom atthat time.四、 happen 的用法【例句展示】1. What happened in the end?最后发生了什么事？2. Lisa is crying. What happened to her?莉萨在哭。她怎么了？【精讲辨析】happen 作动词，有“发生（某事） ”的意思，主语往往是事情，有固定搭配sth. happen tosb. ，意为“某事发生在某人身上” 。如果主语是人时，则是sb. happen to do sth. 的结构，意为“某人碰巧做某事”

20、。【活学活用】用 happen 的适当形式填空。1. The accidenton Tuesday morning.2. I hope nothing badto my friend.3. Ito meet an old friend on my way to the station.4. What isoutside? So many people are getting together.五、 hit 的用法【例句展示】1. The movie was a hit last year.这电影去年轰动一时。2. Their new song made a hit.他们的新歌轰动一时。3. S

21、he hit him on the head with a book.她用书打他的头。4. A car hit a tree, and broke down.轿车撞上一棵树，抛锚了。5. The ball hit against the wall.球撞到了墙上。【精讲辨析】1. hit 作名词时，意为“成功且轰动一时的事物” ，如例 1。 make a hit 意为“成功；受（某人的）欢迎” ，如例 2 。2. hit 还可以作及物动词，意为“打击；碰撞” ，如例 3 和例 4 。5。3. hit 也可作不及物动词，意为“撞击”【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。The driver dran

22、k much and （ hit ） a tree near the river.六、 take after 的用法【例句展示】He doesn t look like his mother . He takes after his father.他长得不像他的母亲。他像他的父亲。【精讲辨析】take after是短语动词，意为“与相像”，相当于look like ,表示在长相、脾气或性格等方面相似，强调遗传因素；而look like 则除了有遗传上长得像，也可以是非遗传关系的像。【活学活用】根据汉语提示完成句子。The boy （与相像） his father. They both like

23、 helping others.中考重点句型 What s the matter with you?你怎么了？ I have a toothache.我牙痛。【例句展示】 What s the matter with you?你怎么了？ I m not feeling well.我感觉不舒服。【归纳提高】1. 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：What s the matter （ with sb. ） ? （某人）怎么了？What s wrong （ with sb. ） ? （某人）怎么了？What s the trouble （ with sb. ） ? （

24、某人）出什么事了？What happened （ to sb. ） ? （某人）发生了什么事？Are you OK? 你没事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.?某人有什么事吗？2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：（ 1 ）某人+have/has/had+ 病症。如：The twins have colds. 双胞胎感冒了。（ 2 ）某人+have/has/had+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache。如：她昨晚胃痛。She had a stomachache last night.3 ）某人

25、+have/has/had+a+sore+ 发病部位。如：He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。（ 4 ）某人 +hurt （ s） +身体部位或反身代词。如：He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。（ 5 ）某部位 +hurt （ s ） 。如：My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。（6）某人+have/has/had+a pain+in one s+身体部位。如：I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。（7） （There is ） something wrong with one s+身体部位。如:There is som

26、ething wrong with my right eye.我的右眼有毛病。（ 8 ）其他表达方式。如： She has heart trouble. 她有心脏病。 He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。 She cut her finger.她割破手指了。【活学活用】根据汉语提示完成句子。1. I hope you can feel （身体好） soon.2. （怎么了） ? I have a sore throat.中考词语辨析1、 ill 与 sick【例句展示】1. Li Lei was ill/sick last week.李雷上周生病了。2. He s

27、 a sick man.他是病人。【辨异突破】两者都是形容词。作“生病的；患病的”之意时， ill 只作表语，不作定语。 ill 作定语时意为“坏的；不吉祥的；恶意的” ；而 sick 既可作表语也可作定语。 sick 有“呕吐；恶心”的意思，此时只能作表语，而ill 无此意。【活学活用】用 ill 或 sick 填空。3. A healthy beggar is happier than a（ n） king.4. The old man has beenin bed for a long time.2、 think, think of, think about, think over与 t

28、hink up【例句展示】1. I think she is a good student.我认为她是一个好学生。2. I don t think he can come.我认为他不能来。3. What do you think of the TV play?你认为这部电视剧怎么样？4. I have thought about it for a long time.我已经考虑很久了。5. Think it over and give me an answer tomorrow.仔细考虑一下，明天给我回复。6. She thought up a good idea.她想出了一个好主意。【辨异突

29、破】1. think 单独使用时表示“思考” ，接 that 宾语从句时意为“认为；觉得” 。当主语为第一人称时，若其后所跟的宾语从句含有否定概念，通常形式上否定think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。如：I think so. （我认为是这样的）fI don t think so. （我认为不是这样 的） 。2. think of 意为“认为” ，用于问句 What do you think of.?（=How do you like.?）中。 think of 也可意为“想起” 。3. think about 意为“考虑” ，宾语 it, them 或 oneself 置后。264. th

30、ink over意为“仔细考虑”it 或 them 放在中间，一般指考虑问题。5. think up=come up with ，意为“想出” 。【活学活用】A）根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 我认为明天不会下雨。Iitrain tomorrow.B）用适当的短语填空。2. What s the matter? You look sad. Nothing. The music makes memy grandmother.三、 die, dead, death 与 dying【例句展示】1. Two soldiers died in the war last year.去年在战争中死了两名战士。2

31、. It was a matter of life and death to them.对他们来说这是生死攸关的事。3. The poor woman is dying. A doctor must be sent for.这个可怜的妇人快死了，快去请医生。4. My grandma has been dead for over forty years.我奶奶已去世四十多年了。【辨异突破】die 是动词， 意为 “死” ； dead 是形容词； death 是名词； dying 是形容词， 意为 “将要死的” 。同时 die 是瞬间性动词，不能与时间段连用，如果要与时间段连用，应改为 be d

32、ead 。【活学活用】用 die 的适当形式填空。1. He told me how his dog , how sad he was at theof his dog andwhat he did with hisdog.2. Poor Jack hasfor over two years.四、 repair, fix 与 mend【例句展示】1. My radio doesn t work. Could you fix it up?我的收音机坏了。你能帮我修一下吗？2. How much money did you spend repairing the car?修这辆车你花了多少钱？3.

33、 He is mending his shoes.他正在修理他的鞋子。【辨异突破】三者都有“修理”的意思，但也有区别。1. fix 除了“修理” ，还有“安装”的意思，非正式用语，在美语中常代替repair 。 fix 可up 连用。2. repair 多指修理结构复杂的、大件的、损伤较大的东西，如机器、车、船、桥梁等。3. mend 多指修理简单的日用品或缝补衣物。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 你能给我修理自行车吗？Can you?=Can you?2. 这件衬衫太旧，不能补了。This shirt isold.中考写作突破社会实践与乐于助人篇【话题解读】命题者常就“传递爱心，服务

34、他人”设题，内容涉及社会实践活动、社团活动等，此类文章常见表格要点提示的方式来考查学生， 多用一般现在时、 一般过去时、 现在完成时或一般将来时态。【常见表达】1. She has been helping others for many years.2. Small actions can make a big difference.3. Let s help those who need help.4. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.5. Volunteering our time to help t

35、hese people is a good way to spend our free time.6. Wecan make plans to visit sick children to cheer them up in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.【典型例题】（宁波中考）“传递爱心，服务他人”是文明社会所倡导的理念。狮子会（ the Lions ） 就是一个以此为宗旨的国际性服务团体。杨敏是狮子会的一名成员， 多年来她一直乐于助人。请根据提示用英语写一篇短文，向校刊的English World 栏目投稿，简要介绍杨敏的事迹

36、，然后谈谈你的观点和打算。Ready to Help OthersYang Min help others for years go to the old people s home twice a month (cut hair, wash clothes, do some cleaning ) offer people umbrellas or raincoats on rainy days your opinion.（2）文中不得出现真实 your plan.要求：（1）短文内容必须包含表格所提供的要点，可适当发挥;的姓名、校名及地名；（3） 80100词。短文开头已给出，仅供选择使用，

37、不计入总词数。From time to time, we are moved by the people and things around us. Yang Min is one of the persons I admire most.【范文展示】From time to time, we are moved by the people and things around us. Yang Minis one of the persons I admire most. As a member of the Lions, she has been helping others for man

38、y years. She goes to the 01d people s home twice a month to cut hair, wash clothes and do some cleaning for them. Besides, on rainy days she offers people umbrellas or raincoats for free.I m deeply moved by her story. I m going to start with small things around me. I plan to give books and clothes t

39、o children in poor villages. What s more,I ll ask my parents and more friends to join me.Small actions can make a big difference. Let s help those who need help!【亮点点评】1 .本文从杨敏的事迹、自己的打算和观点三方面来阐述，要点齐全、行文流畅。2 . 过渡句 I m deeply moved by her story 和连接词 besides, what s more 的运用使文章过渡更加自然，条理更加清晰。当堂检测一、根据汉语或首

40、字母提示完成句子。1. One of her （膝盖） got hurt in the accident yesterday.2. Students in China are used to （起床） up early.3. Keep on （学习） hard, and you will be successful in the end.4. The dog s （死） made us very sad.5. Americans use （小刀） and forks to eat.6. Never give up （尝试） . All your dreams will come true on

41、e day.7. The boy often helps the old man （搬运） water and sweep the floor.8. Our parents often tell us the iof working hard.9. Do you know the sof Christmas? Sure. It s helping others.10. We really enjoyed oat the party last night.11. She hherself when she was cutting tomatoes yesterday.12. The boy wants a new car, but his mother turns adear to his wish.13. That isn t my parrot because it is b in the right eye.14. I met with lots of dduring my first