mechanical components

1、 Unit 1Component(图书馆中文数据库17898条）nResearch on Intrusion Detection System Neural Networks and Principal Component Analysis基于主成分分析的神经基于主成分分析的神经网络入侵检测仿真研究（计算机仿真）网络入侵检测仿真研究（计算机仿真）nFatigue life prediction research on aeroplane structures component飞机结构飞机结构部件疲劳寿命预测技术研究（部件疲劳寿命预测技术研究（沈阳航空航天大学学报 ）New wordsnSha

2、ft , accessory, n clutch 离合器（抓住，抓紧，爪，抓举设备,snatch ）nScrew,spring,nbearing 轴承 （ bear:负担, 忍受）nCam,gear,overstress,key,spline,pin,ncross-section,hub,straight,nTaper,permanent,integral,keyway,restrain,coaxial shaft,nPositive shaft, negativen engagement 结合,nstationary,consist of,truncate,cone,helical,groo

3、venScrewdriver, slot,oval(overall),hexagonalNew wordsnCap screw,clamp(fixture),internal,thread,bolt,nut,nwasher,nWorm gear pair,worm wheel, ncoupling 联轴器（couple?)nSolid shaft,component,cyclindrical,rotate,torquenflexible shaft 柔性轴nRadii(radius,radio),radial(Radial bearing,),axialntrust 推力nangular co

4、ntact bearing角接触球轴承(contact:接触，联系，接点，触点，接触通电，line contact,point contact,contact dot,contact switch)New wordsnalign ,alignment校正，调整，结盟，排列成行）（self-aligning ball bearing）nfollower （从动件）nMesh, rack, pinion (opinion?) ,nherringbone 人字形nbevel gear锥形齿轮，helical gear斜齿轮nvice versa,parallelnTerminology,pitch

5、circle,theoretical,calculation,tangent,nCircular pitch,adjacent,diametrical pitchntolerate 公差,忍受，容忍New wordsndeflection变形，偏斜，偏差nFailure,resilient connection,delicatenindiscriminately不加选择的，任意的nLubrication,seal,curvilinear,misalignmentnPropeller shaft,rigid,separate,reciprocalnmodule 模数nAddendum,齿顶高de

6、dendum,right angle,nsingle enveloping,nomenclature,nin the sense that,emergency,replacenline shaft 动力轴，主传动轴，总轴，中间轴Fsolid shaft实心轴As a machine component, a shaft is commonly a cylindrical bar that supports and rotates with devices for receiving and delivering rotary motion and torque.Fig.2-1 illustra

7、tes six different types of typical shafts.Fig.2-2 shows an application example of typical shaft arrangements. Fflexible shaft柔性轴Compared with solid shafts, flexible shafts can be bent too much smaller radii without being overstressed.shaft n. 拍杆；轴；箭杆；杆状物 ngear shaft齿轮轴；齿轴nrotating shaft旋转轴；回转轴；转轴nax

8、le shaft半轴；机 驱动轴；车辆 车轴；机 驱动轴半轴 axle ksl nmain shaft n. 主轴；总轴 nvertical shaft 立井；立轴；立柱 nshaft wall 井壁砌壁；炉墙 nshaft furnace 竖式炉 ndrive shaft 驱动轴；主动轴cylindrical silindrikl ncylindrical silindrikl arrangement n. 布置；整理；准备 narrangement for 对的安排 ninstitutional arrangement 制度安排；制序安排；机构安排 nflower arrangement

9、插花，鲜花装饰 ncourse arrangement 课程安排 ngeneral arrangement 总布置narrangement diagram ,arrangement plan布置图；配置图n radiireidiai nn. 半径（radius的复数） nradius reidis overstress 过应力nOverstress Test过载试验nvt. 过分强调；过分拉紧（或紧张） n. 过分的强调；紧张过度nThis time we must be careful not to overstress the importance of the game, so we c

10、an play more naturally and not be distracted.n“我们对首场比赛看的太重了，以至影响了我们的发挥”拉齐奥门将说道。“这一次我们必须注意不要对比赛太过看重，我们才能踢得自然，不被外界影响。”Fsolid shaft实心轴machine component cylindrical barsupports and rotatesreceiving and delivering rotary motion and torqueFflexible shaft柔性轴can be bentcylindrical 圆柱的圆柱的rotate 旋转旋转 torque 转

11、矩转矩 radii radius的复数的复数FKeys,splines,and pins The primary purpose of keys,splines,and pins is to prevent relative rotary movementA commonly used type of key has a square cross section and is sunken half in the shaft and half in the hub of the other member.Another common type of key has a rectangular

12、cross section with a depth to width ratio 0.75.Both of these keys may either be straight or tapered in depth.Splines are permanent keys integral with the shaft,fitting in key ways cut in the hub.The dimensions of spline fittings are standardized for both permanent(press) fits and sliding fitsTapered

13、 circular pins can be used to restrain shaft-mounted members from both axial and rotational movement.accessory n. 配件；附件；法 从犯 adj. 副的；同谋的；附属的nHe was charged with being an accessory to the crime.他被认为是该谋杀案的从犯。naccessory factor辅助因子；增补因素；附属要素nAccessory kit附件包；附件工具包；附属品；成套附件nAccessory device附属装置；辅助装置prima

14、ry adj. 主要的；初级的；基本的 n. 原色；最主要者nprimary education初等教育；小学教育；基础教育；初级教育nprimary demand基本需求；基本需要Pin n. 大头针，针；栓；琐碎物 vt. 钉住；压住；将用针别住nanchor pin锚梢；支承销；机 固定锚销；机 锚销ncotter pin机 开口销；曲柄梢；机 开尾销；扁销nhair pin发夹；发叉；细销；发针nI pricked the map with a pin to show our route.我用大头针在地图上刺孔标出我们的路线。sunken nadj. 沉没的；凹陷的；比周围低的 nv.

15、 下沉；沉没（sink的过去分词）nsunken wreck水下沉船；沉船水下沉船；沉船nhub hb n.n集线器,轮毂铁路 ,花鼓(自行车),交换机nSocial Hub社交圈；社交中心；社交中间；社交中央nfront hub前轮毂；前花鼓；前轴；前轮轴nrear hub后轮毂；后花鼓；后轴；后轮轴Some new wordsratio reiiu, -u turns ratio变比；圈数比 taper 锥度，逐渐变细锥度，逐渐变细 torque 转矩转矩 cross-section横截面横截面integral整体的整体的fit 配合配合 keyway 键槽键槽shaft-mounted

16、安装在轴上的安装在轴上的permanent p:mnnt axial ksil adj. 轴的；轴向的 naxial plane机 轴向平面；机地质 轴面；机 轴线平面；机 轴线的平面naxial stress力 轴向应力；力 轴应力；房屋地政naxial force轴向力；轴向载荷；奥氏体不锈钢；轴力fit nvt. 安装；使适应；使合身；与相符 vi. 符合，配合；适合；合身 adj. 健康的；合适的；恰当的；准备好的 n. 合身；发作；痉挛nshrinkage fit收缩配合；fit together组装在一起；组合；组装在fit tolerance配合公差；拟合公差nThat skir

17、t doesnt fit you.那条裙子不合你的身材。nfit for something 使胜任某事，使适应(或适合)某事 nfit for adj. 适于；适合的，恰当的 nkeep fit 保持（身体）健康 nfit in 适应，适合；装配好；找时间做 nfit into vt. 适合，适应；符合mounting n. 装备，装配；上马；衬托纸 v. 增加（mount的ing形式）；爬上 adj. 逐渐增加的n安装mounting 支座，底托，起支撑、背景或衬托作用的物体；a mounting for a gem.珠宝的底托nmounting dimensions 装配尺寸nmount

18、ing hole 安装孔 nresilient mounting弹性机垫；减震器；减振器；减震器减震固定件Fthe primary purpose:prevent ralative rotary movementkey键a square cross sectiona rectangular cross sectionspline花键permanent keypermanent fits and sliding fitspin销rstrain the axial and rotational movement高/宽之比为0.75Fclutch 离合器A clutch is a device fo

19、r quickly and easily connecting or disconnecting a rotary shaft with a rotating coaxial shaft. Clutches are usually placed between the input to a machine and the output shaft from the driving motor,and provide a convenient means for starting and stopping the machine and permitting the driver or engi

20、ne to be started in an unloaded state.A mechanical clutch may provide either a positive drive with no slip,or the torque transmitted may depend on friction.clutch 离合器（抓住，抓紧，爪，抓举设备,snatch, jerk挺举 ）nA drowning man will clutch at a straw.一个溺水的人想抓住任何能抓住的东西。nThe clutch is a friction-type uncoupling devic

21、e. It is linked to a clutch pedal in the drivers compartment.离合器是一种摩擦式分离装置，与驾驶室中离合器踏板相连接coaxialkuksl adj. 同轴的，共轴的 nCoaxial cable is a type of shielded cable.同轴电缆是遮蔽电缆的一种。nThis mechanism has its special characteristics, such as large indexing number, high speed, high indexing precision, coaxial input

22、 and output, etc.该凸轮机构具有分度数大、高速度、分度精度高、输入输出同轴的特点。Fclutch 离合器 connecting or disconnecting a rotary shaft with a rotating coaxial shaftFunloaded state空载状态FPositive adj. 积极的；数 正的，化学医 阳性的；确定的，肯定的；实际的，真实的；绝对的 FPositive drive 强制传动Fslip滑动Ffriction摩擦Fscrew:螺钉Screws have been used as fastener for a long time

23、,a screw consists of a circular cylinder(or truncated cone)with a helical groove in it.Screws with screwdriver slots have heads of several shapes,such as flat,oval and round.Screws with hexagonal heads are usually known as cap screws. These screws are used to clamp machine parts together when one of

24、 the parts has an internal thread.If neither parts is threaded a bolt must be used,which consists of a screw with a hexagonal head,a nut(hexagonal ring with an internal thread),an usually a washer(flat ring).Some new words fastener 轮毂轮毂truncated cone 截去尖端的圆锥体截去尖端的圆锥体 helical 螺旋的螺旋的 groove 凹槽凹槽screwd

25、rive 螺钉起子螺钉起子slot 缝，狭槽缝，狭槽 hexagonal 六角形的六角形的heksnl cap screws 有头螺钉clamp 夹紧夹紧thread 螺纹螺纹bolt 螺栓螺栓nut 螺帽螺帽washer 垫圈垫圈clamp vt. 夹紧，固定住n. 夹钳，螺丝钳nAir clamp气动夹具nFastening clamp nThe chucking force is very important in designing process of machine tool clamp.在机床夹具的设计过程中，夹紧力起着非常重要的作用Fscrew:螺钉used as fasten

26、erconsist of a circular cylindera helical grooveFseveral shapesflat,oval and roundFcap screws有头螺钉Fspring 弹簧A spring is a load-sensitive,energy-storing device,the chief characteristics of which are an ability to tolerate large deflections without failure and to recover its initial size and shape when

27、 loads are removed.Springs are used for a variety of purpose,such as supplying the motive power in clocks and watches,cushioning transport vehicles,measuring weights,making resilient connections,and providing shock protection for delicate instruments during shipment.Some new wordsdeflection 变形变形n. 偏

28、向；挠曲；偏差偏向；挠曲；偏差n bending deflection 弯曲挠度 ndeflection angle 偏转角；挠角；倾斜角failure 失效失效cushion垫子垫子, 软垫软垫, 衬垫，加衬垫衬垫，加衬垫cushioning减震，缓冲减震，缓冲resilient connection 弹性连接弹性连接resilient rizilint, -jnt adj. 弹回的，有弹力的 delicate 精密的精密的 adj. 微妙的；精美的，雅致的；柔和的；微妙的；精美的，雅致的；柔和的；易碎的；纤弱的；清淡可口的易碎的；纤弱的；清淡可口的 delicate food美味食品Fsp

29、ring 弹簧load-sensitive,energy-storingto tolerate large deflectionsrecover its initial size and shapeFpurposesupplying the motive powercushioning transport vehiclsmeasuring weightsmaking resilient connectionsshock protectionBall berings are used in almost every kind of machine and device with rotating

30、 parts.The bearing must be provided with adequate mounting,lubrication,and sealing.A ball bearing usually consists of four parts:an inner ring,an outer ring,the ball and the cage or the separator.To increase the contact area and permit larger loads to be carried,the ball runs in curvilinear grooves

31、in the rings.The radius of the groove is slightly larger than the radius of the ball and a very slight amout of radial play must be provided.The bearing is thus permitted to adjust itself to small amount of angular misalignment in the assembled shaft and mounting.The separator keeps the balls evenly

32、 spaced and prevents them from touching each other.ncage keid n. 笼，兽笼；牢房，监狱 vt. 把关进笼子；把囚禁起来nseparator sepreit n. 分离器；计 分隔符 curvilinear曲线形的ncurvilinear,k:vilinin curvilinear motion 曲线运动nradial play径向游间/径向游隙 nShaft Radial Play径向跳动nmisalignment n. 不重合；未对准n angular misalignment 角度误差naxis misalignment轴对准

33、误差nhorizontal misalignment水平偏差nevenly i:vnli均匀地, 平坦地mounting n. 装备，装配；上马；衬托纸 v. 增加（mount的ing形式）；爬上 adj. 逐渐增加的n安装mounting 支座，底托，起支撑、背景或衬托作用的物体；a mounting for a gem.珠宝的底托nmounting dimensions 装配尺寸nmounting hole 安装孔 nresilient mounting弹性机垫；减震器；减振器；减震器减震固定件ball bearing球轴承adequate mounting,lubrication,and

34、 sealingconsists of:an inner ring an outer ring the ball the cage or the separatorradial bearing径向轴承thrust bearing止推推力 angular contact bearing角接触球轴承self-aligning ball bearing自调整球轴承Ball berings is made in a wide variety of types and sizes.The radial bearing is able to carry a considerable amount of a

35、xial thrust.However,when the load is directed entirely along the axis,the thrust type of bearing should be used.The angular contact bearing will take care of both radial and axial loads.The self-aligning ball bearing will take care of large amount of angular misalignment.New wordsncurvilinear 曲线形的nr

36、adial play 径向游间（游隙）nangular misalignment 角度误差nshaft 轴，杆状物nmounting 支座，底托，起支撑、背景或衬托作用的物体；a mounting for a gem.珠宝的底托nevenly 均匀地, 平坦地ntake care of照顾；注意；抚养 .Sorry Im late. I had to take care of something urgent.对不起，我来迟了。我必须处理一些急事A cam is a machine member that drives a follower through a specified motion

37、.By the proper design of a cam,any desired motion to a machine member can be obtained.As such,cams are widely used in almost all machinery.They include internal combustion engines,a variety of machine tools,compressors and computers.In general,a cam can be designed in two ways.the profile of a cam i

38、s so designed to give a desired performance by the follower to choose a suitable profile to ensure a satisfactory performance by the followerA rotary cam is a part on a machine,which changes cylindrical motion to straight-line motion.The purpose of a cam is to transmit various kinds of motion to oth

39、er parts of machine.specified nadj. 规定的；详细说明的 nv. 指定；详细说明（specify的过去分词）nspecified use指定用途；规定的用途； nYou specified an invalid bitmap file. Please type another file name or click Browse.您指定的位图文件无效。请键入其他文件名或单击“浏览”。desirednadj. 渴望的；想得到的 nv. 渴望，要求（desire的过去分词形式）nThe metal cutting tool separates chips from

40、the workpiece in order to cut the part to the desired shape and size.为了要把加工的零件切削成所要求的形状与尺寸，金属切削刀具就要从工件上切除切屑。ninternal combustion engine内燃机 ncombustion kmbstn n. 燃烧，氧化；骚动 nperfect combustion完全燃烧；理想燃烧；combustion efficiency热 燃烧效率；燃烧效率燃烧室效率nperformancen. 性能；绩效；表演；执行 nPerformance testing性能测试； Practically

41、 every cam must be designed and manufactured to fit special requirements.Though each cam appears to be quite different from the other,all of them work in similar way.In each case,as the cam is rotated or turned,another part is connected with the cam,called a follower,is moved either right or left,up

42、 an down,or in and out.The follower is usually connected to other parts on the machine to accomplish the desired action.If the follower losed contact with the cam,it will fail to work.four typescam凸轮drive a followerbe used widely:internal combustion engines,a variety of machine tools,compressors and

43、 computerscan be designed in two ways:the profile of a cam is so designed to give a desired performance by the follower to choose a suitable profile to ensure a satisfactory performance by the followerPurpose(change cylindrical motion to straight-line motion)transmit various kinds of motion to other

44、 parts of machinefour typesntranslating cam移动凸轮 mesh 啮合 moderate speed中速 intersecting交叉 rack齿条 pinion小齿轮 vice versa反之亦然parallel平行的 terminology术语theoretical理论的 calculation计算tangent相切 adjacent相邻的Ftransmit rotary motion from one shaft to anotherFis virtually a wheel with accurately shaped teethused in

45、parallel shaftspur gear 直齿圆柱齿轮直齿圆柱齿轮:simplest,least expensive,moderate speedherringbone gear人字齿轮人字齿轮Between two intersecting shaftsbevel gear 斜齿轮斜齿轮another:rack-and-pinion drivesmesh with teeth of another gearprovidingpositive-motiondrivespeed ratio-the numbers of teethtypesnspur gear机 直齿轮；机 正齿齿轮；机

46、正齿轮；直齿齿轮nThat should spur the market further.此举将进一步刺激市场nn. 鼓舞，刺激；马刺；山坡 nvi. 骑马疾驰；给予刺激 nvt. 激励，鞭策；给装踢马刺moderatenadj. 稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的 nvi. 变缓和，变弱 nvt. 节制；减轻nmating part接合部件配合件nmating gear配对齿轮；相啮合的齿轮；啮合齿轮nMating Constraint配对约束pitch circle 节圆（节圆（sometime分度圆）分度圆）addendum circle齿顶圆齿顶圆dedendum/root ci

47、rcle 齿齿根高根高/齿根圆齿根圆clearance间隙，间隙配合间隙，间隙配合Fworm gear pairs 蜗轮副Worm gear pairs transmit motion between two shafts.The shafts are usually at right angles to each other but do not lie in the same plane.The teeth on the worm slide against the teeth of the worm wheel,producing a rolling action.The worm tu

48、rns the worm wheel.Fig.2-11 shown a worm gear pairs.Fworm蜗杆The worm is the member having the screwlike thread, and worm teeth are frequently spoken of as threads.Worms which are commonly used have 1 to 8 teeth.There is no definite relation between the desired of teeth and the pitch diameter of a wor

49、m.Threads of worm may be made with either right-hand or left-hand threads,depending upon the desired direction of rotation of the worm gear pairs. definite adj. 一定的；确切的 ndefinite value 定值nI want an appointment for a definite time and place.我要一个有确定的时间和地点的约会。nenveloping: 包络包封遮盖nTremendous uncertainty

50、is enveloping the whole world.巨大的不确定性笼罩着全球。nSuitable for car painting enveloping or any important enveloping.适用于汽车喷漆遮盖、任何有高温要求的重要遮盖。nA 23-inch LCD monitor, enhanced by enveloping surround sound, is yours to enjoy.23英吋的液晶银幕与环绕音效，由您独享。straight worm直齿蜗轮副直齿蜗轮副enveloping worm包络线蜗轮副包络线蜗轮副Fworm wheel蜗轮Worm

51、 wheel are similar to bevel gears and are generally used to connect skew shafts (generally at right angles) transmitting high velocity retios.The worm wheel give line contact between mating teeth unlike a point contact in the case of bevel gears,This improves the load carrying capacity of the gear t

52、rain. The load carrying capacity can further be improved by using an enveloping worm,as shown in Fig.2-11b,instead of a straight worm shown in Fig.2-11a.The worm as shown in the figure resembles a multiple-threaded screw driving the worm wheel,which has concave teeth.nSkew n. 斜交；歪斜 nadj. 斜交的；歪斜的Fwor

53、m gear pairs 蜗轮副transmit motion between two shaftsat right angles to each other but not lying in the same planeFworm蜗杆having the screwlike threadright-hand or left-hand threadsFworm wheel蜗轮similar to bevel gearsconnecting skew shaft(generally at right angles)transmitting high velocity ratiosline con

54、tact between mating teeth(not point contact)improve the load carrying capacity 刚性的分离的动力轴紧急情况误差，不对齐直角Fcoupling联轴器A coupling is a device for connecting the ends of adjacent shafts.In machine construction,couplings are used to effect a semi-permanent connection between adjacent rotating shafts.The conn

55、ection is permanent in the sense that it is not meant to be broken during the useful life of the machine,but it can be broken and restored in an emergency or when worn parts are replaced.There are several types of shaft coupling;their characteristics depend on the purpose for which they are used.If

56、an exceptionally long shaft is required for a line shaft in the manufacturing plant or a propeller shaft on ship,it is made in sections that are coupled together with rigid couplings.Fcoupling联轴器In connecting shafts belonging to separate devices(such as an electrical motor and gearbox),precise aligning of the shafts is difficult and a flexible coupling is used.This coupling connects the shafts in such a way as to minimize the har