阅读理解(七选五)解题技巧

1、题型解读：题型解读： 试题模式试题模式：在一篇约在一篇约300词的短文中留出词的短文中留出5个空白，个空白，要求考生从所给的要求考生从所给的7个选项个选项(均为完整的句子均为完整的句子) 中选出最佳中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。 考查重点：考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的主要考查考生对文章的整体内容整体内容和和结构结构以以及上及上下文逻辑意义下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）的理解和掌握。（考试说明） 选项特点：选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）主旨概括句（文章整体内容） 过渡性句子（文章结构）过渡性句子（文章结构） 注释性句子（

2、上下文逻辑意义）注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）测试内容测试内容 结构结构 Topic (主题）主题） Coherence (衔接）衔接） Logic (逻辑）逻辑） TCL（彩电名）（彩电名）时间时间体裁体裁主题主题出题出题位置位置考点分布考点分布主旨概主旨概括句括句过渡性过渡性句子句子注释性句子注释性句子2016说明文说明文密码的设置和破密码的设置和破解方法解方法段首段首 1 段中段中 4383637, 39, 402015说明文说明文重新建立人际关重新建立人际关系中的信任系中的信任段首段首2 段中段中338, 394036, 372014说明文说明文帮助孩子为未来帮助孩子为未来做准备做准备段

3、首段首 1 段中段中 439, 403637, 38近三年全国卷近三年全国卷 七选五七选五 命题特点及考点分布命题特点及考点分布Building Trust in a Relationship Again (2015全国卷全国卷)Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action

4、where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. 37 Its understandable, but if youre

5、willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. 39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumsta

6、nce. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at eve

7、rything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. BGACEA. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the vic

8、tim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.2015全国卷全国卷I

9、: 词汇积累词汇积累1. wrongdoer n. 做错事的人做错事的人2. victim n. 受害者；受骗者受害者；受骗者3. betrayal n. 背叛背叛4. mislead v. 误导误导(mislead-misled-misled)5. understandable adj. 可理解的可理解的6. outcome n. 结果，成果结果，成果7. well-being n 幸福；安宁幸福；安宁8. circumstance n. 环境；事件环境；事件9. violate v. 侵犯；扰乱侵犯；扰乱10. mentality n. 心理状态心理状态11. hopeless adj.

10、没有希望的没有希望的12. angle n. 角度角度13. growth n. 成长；发展成长；发展14. forgiveness n. 宽恕宽恕Step 3 解题策略解题策略七选五解题的关键：七选五解题的关键：衔接手段衔接手段词汇衔接词汇衔接逻辑衔接逻辑衔接结构衔接结构衔接一、一、词汇衔接词汇衔接：主要是指：主要是指词汇复现词汇复现和和代词衔接代词衔接 词汇复现：词汇复现：复现，是保证文章前后复现，是保证文章前后衔接衔接而经常使而经常使用的一种写作用的一种写作手段手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对位置对同一个概念同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主进行重复描述。

11、复现关系，主要是指要是指原词原词复现复现、同义词同义词复现复现、近义词近义词复现复现、 反义词反义词复现复现等。等。 代词衔接：代词衔接：英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系指代关系和根据和根据代词的单复代词的单复数数差异可以准确而快速地解题，如差异可以准确而快速地解题，如: it , they, this , these等。等。 高考链接：高考链接： (2016全国卷全国卷) There are three main types of c

12、ryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each w

13、ord spell it out.Ethe first lettersthe first letters (2015全国卷全国卷) 39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.A. Lear

14、n to really trust yourself.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. 总结：以上两道题总结：以上两道题与与是根据是根据 解题。解题。词汇复现词汇复现Cvictimvictimvictimvictim (2015全国卷全国卷) Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you cant be su

15、ccessful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. B. It is putting confidence in someone.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Theyve been too badly hurt a

16、nd they cant bear to let it happen again.BTrustIt (2015全国卷全国卷) When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.D. With each day, increase the distance by a

17、 half mileE. If they still feel good, you can begin running in themF. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training 总结：以上两道题总结：以上两道题与与是根据是根据 解题。解题。代词衔接代词衔接Eshoesthey 二、逻辑衔接二、逻辑衔接 (2013全国卷全国卷) Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润利润)that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than

18、 the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as

19、 social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.DCHoweverExamples (2016四川卷四川卷) Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized

20、countries. 36 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological. A. However, women, on average, live longer.B. The biological factor plays an important part.F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.AHowever衔接手衔接手段段

21、逻辑关系逻辑关系关联词关联词逻辑衔逻辑衔接接 并列关并列关系系and, also, first, second, third; for one thing, for another thing; someothersstill others（2016全国卷全国卷） (然而然而), yet, but, although, on the contrary. 解释关解释关系系 (例如例如), in other words, that is to say, namely (因为因为), for, so, therefore, thus, as a resulthowever转折关系转折关系for ex

22、amplebecause因果关系因果关系三、结构衔接三、结构衔接根据根据设空位置设空位置确定不同的解题策略：确定不同的解题策略：出题位出题位置置特点特点线索词线索词标题句标题句短小精悍短小精悍多为多为名词性短语、祈使句名词性短语、祈使句段首句段首句段落主题句段落主题句段落一致性原则段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句的词，推断出主题句段落间的过段落间的过渡句渡句前瞻后望找启示前瞻后望找启示, 即阅读上一段结尾部分即阅读上一段结尾部分,并结合下一段内容并结合下一段内容, 看所选的答案是否看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。能将两段内容连贯起来。段末句段末

23、句结论概括句结论概括句结合前文内容结合前文内容, 查找相同词、同义词或其查找相同词、同义词或其他相关的信息词他相关的信息词, 从而最终概括出结论从而最终概括出结论句。句。承上启下句承上启下句结合本段内容认真阅读下一段开头句结合本段内容认真阅读下一段开头句, 看看是否与选项句紧密联系起来是否与选项句紧密联系起来, 以此判断以此判断是否是承上启下句。是否是承上启下句。 标题句标题句 (2016全国卷全国卷) 37 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of c

24、olor. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall(回忆回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what

25、a garden should be often goes back to childhood. A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsAEother reasonswhywhySomeOthersStill others 段首句段首句 (2015全国卷全国卷) 38 Havin

26、g confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. 39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in

27、 all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.A. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.ACtrust yourselfHaving confidence in yourselfvictimvictim 段末句段末句 (2014北京卷北京卷)

28、Evaluating Sources(来源来源)of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find releva

29、nt information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71 Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and deter

30、mine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 72 Watch for misleading language. Use your common sense. D. And examine the findings of the original research.E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectl

31、y explained by an authors point of view.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.GDThe following suggestionsoriginaloriginal七选五解题的关键七选五解题的关键衔接手段衔接手段词汇衔接词汇衔接 :主要是指主要是指 复现、复现、同义词复现同义词复现、近义近义词复现词复现、反义词复现反义词复现等。等。 :利用利用指代关系指代关系和根据和根据 的

32、单复数差异解的单复数差异解题，如题，如: it , they, this , these逻辑衔接逻辑衔接对对段落中段落中的的细节信息细节信息进进行考查：空格句与上下行考查：空格句与上下句之间的句之间的 关系关系 并列关系并列关系：and, also, first, second, third; for one thing, for another thing; someothersstill others : however, yet, but, although, on the contrary. : for example, in other words, that is to say,

33、namely : because, for, so, therefore, thus, as a result结构衔接结构衔接对文章对文章篇章结构篇章结构进行考进行考查；根据查；根据 确定不同的解题策略确定不同的解题策略 ：短小精悍：短小精悍; 多为名词性短多为名词性短语、祈使句语、祈使句 段落主题句：一般位于段落主题句：一般位于 : 一般位于段末一般位于段末 词汇复现词汇复现代词衔接代词衔接原词原词代词代词逻辑逻辑转折关系转折关系解释关系解释关系因果关系因果关系出题位置出题位置标题句标题句段首段首结论概括句结论概括句策略只是技巧，理解才是关键策略只是技巧，理解才是关键词汇是基础词汇是基础 E

34、nlarge your vocabulary !Enjoy reading!Step 4 体验高考体验高考 A篇篇 (2016全国卷全国卷)Secret codes(密码密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code b

35、reaking never lags(落后落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 You might represent

36、each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you mus

37、t have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. DEGFAA. It is very hard to break a code wi

38、thout the code book.B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code

39、book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.2016全国卷全国卷词汇积累词汇积累1. private adj. 私人的私人的; 秘密的秘密的; 2. cryptography 密码学、密码术密码学、密码术3. eel 鳝鱼鳝鱼4. represent each letter with a number 用数字代表每一

40、个字母用数字代表每一个字母5. number v. 编号编号6. alphabet 字母表字母表7. substitute v.代替代替 (substitute for)8. a code book 密码本密码本9. stand for 代表代表,象征象征B篇篇 (2016四川卷四川卷) Both men and women are living longer these days inindustrialized countries. 36 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One re

41、ason for this is biological. One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50,women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力生育能力).These hormones also have a positive effect on the hear

42、t and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 38 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women,

43、on average, get fewer colds than men. 39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(倾向倾向)to age more slowly than a mans. Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 4

44、0 AGDCEA. However, women, on average, live longer.B. The biological factor plays an important part.C. Women are also helped by their female genes.D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.F. Therefore, women are more h

45、ealthy than men and can live a better life.G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.C篇篇 (2014北京卷北京卷)Evaluating Sources (来源）来源）of health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering

46、 your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.

47、36 Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 37 Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior

48、“contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 38 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful

49、of information contained in advertisements. 39 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖江湖骗术骗术). 40 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to ev

50、aluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.GDABFA. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.D. An

51、d examine the findings of the original research.E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Make choices that are right for you.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.专题专题阅读七选五阅读七选五A2016全国卷全国卷 A garden tha

52、ts just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和总和) of its parts? _. But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the

53、natural world and how you approach the gardening process.返回目录返回目录真真题题典典例例1专题专题阅读七选五阅读七选五A2016全国卷全国卷 A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和总和) of its parts? _. But it does

54、nt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.返回目录返回目录真真题题典典例例1专题专题阅读七选五阅读七选五_Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of colour. O

55、thers areconcerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料肥料). _. However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.返回目录返回目录真真题题典典例例23专题专题阅读七选五阅读七选五Recall(回忆回忆) your childhood memori

56、esOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad，but thats not whats important. _how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall

57、 the gardens of your youth. _. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden. Have fun.返回目录返回目录真真题题典典例例4真真题题典典例例真真题题典典例例5专题专题阅读七选五阅读七选五A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD.

58、Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，tooGFor each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have返回目录返回目录真真题题典典例例真真题题典典例例【文章大意】【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何

59、建本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何建造一个属于自己的美丽花园。造一个属于自己的美丽花园。1F结合空格前面的句子的意思结合空格前面的句子的意思“你是否参观过似你是否参观过似乎很乎很 适合你的花园，好像这个花园的气氛也超出了它的适合你的花园，好像这个花园的气氛也超出了它的各个部分的总和各个部分的总和”，由此可知，由此可知F项的意思项的意思“你也可以建造你也可以建造一个属于你的漂亮的花园一个属于你的漂亮的花园”符合题意。符合题意。2A综合本段的信息，尤其是综合本段的信息，尤其是“there are a number of other reasons that might explain why yo

60、u want to garden.”可知，我们首先要明白自己为什么要建造这个可知，我们首先要明白自己为什么要建造这个花园，这与花园，这与A的意义一致。的意义一致。返回目录返回目录专题专题阅读七选五阅读七选五真真题题典典例例3E根据空格前面的根据空格前面的“Some people may think that a garden is no moreOthers are concerned about using gardening methods”可知，有些人认为花园只是一些可知，有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，另一些人则关心使用更少的水和更少的肥料。花花草草，另一些人则关心使用更少的水和更少的