选修六unit4知识点

1、19U4（选修六）on/upon+n依靠,依赖,确(坚)信Youcan'tdependonyourparentsforever.dependon/upon+sb.+todo指望某人做Youcan'tdependonhimtocomeontime.dependon/upon+it+that.指望Youmaydependonitthathewillcome.dependon/upon+wh-从句Whetheryoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.That(all)depends./italldepends.(口语)视情况而定，I mayh

2、elpyou.Butthat/itdepends.2.light1) n.光,线,灯2) v.照亮，点燃lit(lighted)lit(lighted)Helitamatch.他划着了一根火柴。Asmileoftriumphlitupherface.她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。Thematchlightseasily.这火柴容易划着3) adj.light.(轻的)ThesuitcaseisveryTherewasalightrainfalling.盆大雨（蒙蒙纟田雨）heavyrain/raincatsanddogsHeisalightsleeper他睡不沉。（易醒的）3.heatv./hea

3、tup是某物变热或变暖heatedadj.热的激烈的heateddebate,heateddiscussionheatedlyadv.愤怒地激昂地heater加热器发热器consumer(n.).1消耗，花费；耗尽Sheconsumedmostofhertimeinreading.2吃完，喝光Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthetable.孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。3使全神贯注，使着迷+withTheboywasconsumedwithcuriosity.那男孩充满好奇心。asonecan=asaspossiblePleasecomehereass

4、oonaspossible.=Pleasecomehereassoonasyoucan.asmanyas多达aslongas长达,只要asfaras远至,就而论aswellas和一样好,也，和asearlyas早在6. 对比：OurfoodsupplyhasgivenoutHismoneysoonranout.Wearerunningoutofourtime.Ihaverunoutofmyoil.Allhissavingshavebeenusedup.7. Trapvt.陷入/n.陷阱圈套Theyfinallytrappedthemouseinacage.最后，他们用笼子把老鼠逮着了。trap

5、forthethieves.ThepolicesetaShewastrappedintheburninghouse.from.远离.stop.(from).停止.prevent(from).阻止.Youshouldcleanyourroomtokeepitfromgettingdirty.你应该打扫房间以保持干净。Keepdoing继续keepout挡住使进不去keepupwith跟上9Whatdoyouthinkgreenhousegasesdo你认为温室气体有什么作用呢本句中think后接了一个由what引导的宾语从句。但应注意的是：特殊宾语从句即当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是think,b

6、elieve,suppose，consider,imagine，guess和suggest等时，表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。例如：正Whodoyouthinkwillwininthegame误Doyouthinkwhowillwininthegame当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后，例如：正Doyouknowwhywecan'tcutdownthebigtree误Whydoyouknowwecan'tcutdownthebigtreewhencomparedtoothernaturalchanges是一个省略的时间状语从句，其完整的形式应该是Whenitiscom

7、paredto；在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果从句和主句为同一主语，或者从句的主语是it,而且从句中的谓语动词时动词be或含有助动词be,可省略主语和be女口：If(itis)so,youmustgetbackandgetit.Although(hewas)criticized,hestillworkedhard.Hehurthislegsbadlywhen(hewas)playingfootballcompareto/with:与相比Comparedto/withmanywomen,paredtomostnatural

8、changes与大多数的自然变化相比compareAwithB:相比(不同)Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,pareAtoB:把A比作BAteacher'sworkisoftencomparedtoacandle.人们经常把老师比做园丁。inhispoem.Peopleoftencompareteacherstogardeners.Teabout:发生=happen（无被动）havecomeout.1.Thissituationshouldnever2 .Howdiditcomeaboutthatheh

9、adhisleghurt他的腿伤着了，这是怎么发生的3 .Thishasnotcomeaboutovernight.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒Takeplace事件的发生有某种原因或事先的安排：TheOlympicGamesof2008tookplaceinBeijing.Happen偶然或突发性事件：whathappenedtoyouIhappenedtoseehimonmywayhome=IthappenedthatIsawhimonmywayhome.Occur发生或想到，突然想起，意为发生时=happen:whathasoccurredIoccurredtomethatshedidn'

10、;tknowIhadmovedintothenewhouse.Comeabout事情发生了，但还不知道为什么。常用于否定和疑问Whenmotherwokeup,shedidn'tknowwhathadcomeabout.Breakout常指战争灾难疾病争吵事件的发生拓展：comeintobeing形成Comeintopower/office当权/当职Comeintoforce/effect开始生效Comeout出版,结果comeacross偶遇cometo共计，苏醒Whenitcomesto涉及Comeupwith提出Comeup在空中出现，Comealong,进展，跟随cometru

11、e成真isnodoubtthat毫无疑问Thereisnodoubtthathecancomeontime.doubt的宾语从句，肯定句whether/if/that;否定句只用thatHedoubtedwhethertheywouldbeabletohelp.Heneverdoubtedthattheywouldwinthegame.beyond/withoutdoubt无疑地13. random随意的胡乱的随机的randomly=atrandom任意地随便地14. phenomenon(sing.)phenomena(pl.)thephenomenaofnature自然现象asocialp

12、henomenon社会现象vi.Vt.Isubscribetoyouropinioncompletely,同意赞同)Isubscribetoaweeklywomen'smagazine(订阅报纸杂志)Shesubscribestoasocietywhichhelpstoprotectanimals(定期捐款)16. Withoutthegreenhouseeffect',theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.如果没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷33C这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句=Iftherewereno

13、“greenhouseeffect”,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodemindustry.要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。Hewashavingameetingwithhisstudents；otherwisehewouldhavecome.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattended

14、theparty.他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。17. addv.addup加起来addupto合计达addto增加addupto7Ifyouadd4to3,youget7=4and3Addupthesefigures,please.18. quantity1）Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksinquantity.他喜欢阅读，总是成批地买书。2）Heprefersqualitytoquantitywhenfoodisconcerned.在吃的方面，他重质而不重量3Alargequantityofair-conditionershasbeensoldsinc

15、ethetemperaturebegantorise.自从气温升高，大量的空调已经被卖出去了。alargequantityof/largequantitiesof;大量的，许多的inquantity;成批地，大量地largequantityof/largequantitiesof之后接可数或不可数名词。largequantityof作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。largequantitiesof作主语，谓语动词都用复数Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.HugequantitiesofCO2areaddedtotheatmosphere.（+不可数）Hugequanti

16、tiesoffossilfuels化石燃料areburnedtoproduceenergy.（+可数）Asaresultofburningfossilfuels,alargeofcarbondioxideaddedtotheatmosphere.A.number;isB.quantity;isC.number;areD.quantity;areKey:Bmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。causi

17、ng现在分词短语置于句尾，通常和句子隔开，作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语时，表示正常的结果，例如：Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoneyandabigcompany.不定式短语也可以置于句尾，有时前面加only,在句子中作结果状语，但往往表示出乎意料之外的或事与愿违的结果，例如：Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleftalready.20.Tend-tendencyvt.照顾，护理Sheistending（to）averysickpatient.（她在护理一位重病人。）Thereisafarmerte

18、ndinghissheep.vi.tendtodo易于，往往会；倾向于WhenI'mtired,Itendtomakemistakes.Hetendstogetangrywhenpeopleopposehisopinion.wentup（toCambridge）in1977.（英）上大学Cigarettesaregoingup（inprice）.上涨Newofficeblocksaregoingupeverywhere.建造起盖起Thewholebuildingwentupinflames.被烧（炸）毁WhenareyounextgoinguptoScotland北上苏格兰Unempl

19、oymenthasgoneupagain.增力口Thecurtaingoesuponasuburbanliving-room.（舞台幕布）拉起We'regoinguptoLondonnextweekend.进城.goupinsmoke化为乌有goby经过goinfor参力口gothrough经历，遭到goon前进22.resultin导致，造成=leadtoTheaccidentresultedinthreepeoplebeingkilled.resultfrom:起因于，因为Theaccidentthedeathoftwopassengers.A.resultedfromB.resu

20、ltedinC.resultedofD.resultedwithKey:B23.opposesth反对某事；opposedoingsth反对干某事beopposedtosth./doingsth.反对asopposedto(介词)与对照下1) Mostcitizensopposedthenewtax.大部分市民反对新税。2) Themotheropposedherdaughter'sgoingtherealone.这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿3) 1'mstronglyopposedtoyourplan.我坚决反对你的计划。4) Hisdaughterisveryathlet

21、ic,asopposedtohisson,whoisveryclever.他的女儿擅长运动，他的儿子却擅长动脑，两人形成鲜明的对比。表示“反对”的短语：saynoto对说不，拒绝，反对；beagainst反对，不同意；objectto(doing)sth.反对，讨厌；objectthat对提出异议。例如：Canyouexplainwhyyousaidnotomyoffer你能否解释一下为什么拒绝我的帮助Theyobjectedthattheschedulewastootight.它们对工作进度表太紧提出异议。24.不/非常重要beofno/little/great/much+consequen

22、eeasaconsequenee(of)=inconsequenee(of)结果(是)，由于taketheconsequeneeof承担责任answerfortheconsequences对后果负责。1)Theriseinlungcancerswas烟造成的结果。aconsequeneeofcigarettesmoking.肺癌的增长是吸2)Imafraidyoureill.你恐怕是病了吧Itsofnoconsequenee.不要紧3) Asaconsequeneeofagreatfirethehousewascompletelydestroyed.由于大火,房子被彻底毁坏了。4) Whosh

23、ouldanswerfortheconsequeneeoftheaccident.谁应该为这起事故负责25. mildadj.1)温和的，温柔的Heisthemildestmanalive.他是世上最和善的人了。2）温暖的，暖和的It'sbeenamildwinterthisyear.今年的冬天一直很暖和。3）味淡的，不浓烈的Pleasemakemydrinkamildone.请把我的酒调得淡一点。4）轻微的，不重的；宽大的Hewasgivenamildpunishment.他被从轻发落。26. state-statementThewitnessstatedthatshehadneve

24、rseenMr.Smith陈述;声明;说明Thepresidenthasmadeanimportantstatementaboutthematter.陈述;声明;说明Iceisthesolidstateofwater.形态Inchina,therailwayareownedbythestate.国家,政府Thereare50statesinAmerica州Everythingwasinastateof区分：disorder.状态state是常用词，只人或物所处的外表、心理、健康及所处的情形等方面的情况，但不如condition具体，只用作单数形式。Eg：Thehousewasinadirtys

25、tate.condition是常用词，O用作单数形式，表示人或物目前所处的真实具体状态，尤指内在状态，可与state替用；eg.beinpoor/goodconditionO用作复数形式时，笼统地表示一般状态eg.poorworkingconditions.situation是一般用词，尤指处于某时期的状况，处境，局面，形势。指各种具体情况综合起来的状态，多指危急或重大的事态，强调外部因素对该事态的影响，常用作单数形式。oneselfinanembarrassingsituationpositionO有利的状况（如竞争中或战争中的）0（尤作单数）处境，情势（尤指影响某人行为的能力）amnoti

26、napositiontohelpyou.我帮不了你。27. rangen.1) 排列,将.排成行Thecardswererangedinalphabeticalorder.2)(在一定范围内)变化Thepricesofthepensrangefrom$5-$100.3) It'sbeyondtherangeofmyability.4) Icamewithinmyrangeofvision5) hehasawiderangeofknowledge.beyondtherangeof超出范围withintherangeof在范围内rangefromAtoB范围从A到B28.1) Theclo

27、udsarebuildingup.云彩在聚集2) Youneedmoreproteintobuildyouup.增强体质，强身健体。3) She'sbuiltupaverysuccessfulbusiness.逐步建立4) Thesingerhasbeenbuiltupintoagoodsuccess.吹捧，赞扬5) 1mverygladtoseethatyourvocabularyisgraduallybuildingup.逐渐增长6) Hardworkingconditionsbuildupcharacter.(喻)能磨练人的性格29. evenif(+假设)/though(+已发

28、生/事实)即使Iwouldn'ttellyouevenifIknew.Evenifshesurvives,she'llneverfullyrecover.Eventhoughhe's24now,he'sstilllikealittlechild.Icanstillremember,eventhoughitwassolongago.30. steady-steadily平稳的，持续的，可靠地，稳固的Asteadyjob/income稳定的工作/收入Asteadyworker可靠的工人Steadyrain连绵的雨31. tendency倾向趋势Shehasartis

29、tictendencies.她有艺术气质。Thereisagrowingtendencyforpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices.Maryisnicebutshehasatendencytotalktoomuch.有倾向；+to(do)/towardHehasatendencytowardspessimism.他有悲观的倾向。Bobhasatendencytoexaggeratethings.鲍勃有爱夸张的倾向。区分：Trendtendencycurrent:这些名词均含"趋势，倾向”之意。trend:指事物发展总的方向、倾向或趋势。Arecen

30、ttrendinliterature,fashiontrendtendency:指固有或习得的倾向性，强调没有外来的影响或干扰。current:指向某一方面发展或在确趋向中行动32. widespreadadj.分布广的，普遍的Theforestsarewidespreadinourcountry.我们的国家森林分布很广。Thenewlawsgainedwidespreadacceptanee.Theirsuggestionmetwithwidespreaddisagreement普遍的Therewasawidespreadbeliefinhisinnocencethewhole总的来说；从总

31、体上看Onthewhole,heisagoodboy.Theweatherthismonthhasbeencoldonthewhole.Onthewhole,I'minfavoroftheidea.Thepaperiswellwrittenonthewhole.34.average平均；平均水平adj/n.abovetheaverage在一般水平以上，中上；在平均数以上belowtheaverage在一般水平以下，中下；在平均数以下onaverage平均，按平均数计算；一般地说onanaverage平均，按平均数计算；一般地说Theaverageof4,8,and60is24.(N)4

32、、8和60的平均数是24。WhatistheaveragerainfallforAugustinyourcountryTheaverageageofthestudentsinthisclassis9.Hisaverageresult(ofthisthreesubjects)is96.Hisresultsistheaverage.他成绩平平I'dsayhewasofaverageheight.中等个头Tomisgoodatmaths-wellaboveaverage.远远高于平均水平Onaverage,babiesstartwalkingatayearold.一般/平均来说短语：beha

33、lfof代表一方Weattendedtheglobalconferenceonbehalfofourcountry.I'mgreatlyhonoredtoperformaneehereonbehalfofmyschool.v.提倡主张拥护鼓吹/n.提倡者Headvocatesbuildingmoreschools.Tmitment-commitv.犯罪犯错误，使承担义务，为某人作出保证commitacrime3.makeadifferenee:有关系，有影响，有重要性makenodifferenee:没有关系，没有重要

34、性Itwon'tmakemuchdiffereneewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.你今天去或明天去没有多大关系.Itmakenodiffereneeifyoulightalampinthesunshine.白天点灯多此一举。upwith忍受；忍耐；受苦Wecan'tputupwithhisendlesscomplaint.rmafraidyou'llhavetoputupwithhisbadtemper.Thatwoman,asahousewife,hasalottoputupwith.Noiseiscomingtothepointwherew

35、ecan'tputupwithit.与stand,bear同义Wehavetobearwithhisbadtemperbecauseheisabitfrustratedthesedays.IcannotstandwaitinganyIonger.Modernplasticscanveryhighandverylowtemperature.A.standB.holdC.carryD.SupportKey:Aputaside节省（钱、时间）;储蓄；把放在一边putaway收拾起来；储存（钱）putback放回原处；拖延putdown写下；记下；控制putforward提出（意见、建议）;推

36、荐putoff延期;推迟putout熄灭；扑灭putup举起；张开（伞）;张贴；为提供食宿longas/aslongas只要，如果Aslongasyoudon'tbetrayme,nidowhateveryouaskmeto(do).Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11o'clock.Aslongasyoudrivecarefully,youwillbeverysafe.Youmayborrowthisbooksolongasyoupromisetogiveitback.IwillstayaslongasIcan.o

37、nconditionthat在的条件下1) IwillgoabroadonconditionthatIearnenoughmoney.女口果我挣至U足够的钱，我就出国。2) Wewillhelpyouonconditionthat/aslongasyoucanofferustheproperreason.只要你能给我们合适的原因，我们就会帮助你。adj.随便的漫不经心的偶然的，休闲的便装的Hiscasualmannerannoyedme.他无所谓的态度令我恼火Don'tbecasualaboutthis.不要对此漠不关心他做此事是为环境所迫。（常用复Hewasforcedbytheci

38、rcumstancestodothis.数）由于无法控Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrolthelecturewascancelled.制的情况，讲座取消了。UndernocircumstancesTheweatherwasterrible,在这种情况下Iwillnotvoteforhimshouldyoulendhimanymoney.under/inthecircumstances,under/inanycircumstances决不，无论如何不Idecidedtoputoffmyjourney.在任何情况下=Iwillunder/innocircumsta

39、ncesvoteforhim=under/innocircumstanceswillIvoteforhim.v.（使）精神振作，（使）精力恢复，更新Whentired,youcanrefreshyourselfwithacupoftea困时喝杯茶提神Thehostrefreshedourteacups.主人又为我们斟茶。Sometimes,asmallthingallcanrefreshyourmemory令我们精神振奋n.-contributetoHehas/makesanimportantcontributiontothecompany'ssuccess.HeContributedagreatdealofmoneytotheRedCross捐钱5years.投稿Shehasbeencontributin