英国历史与文化

1、Introduction to the History of the U.S.A美国历史文文传文传1313级级2 2班班王慧敏王慧敏 冀慧敏冀慧敏王妮王妮 樊宇樊宇化Introduction to the History of the U.S.Athe age of explorationthe background :yuanyindiyuanshuofaxianxindalu和芦苇故事到达时的图片n 哥伦布和当地居民的关系哥伦布和当地居民的关系 以装饰装饰为主的“维多利亚风格维多利亚风格”应运而生，事实上，你很难对维多利亚样式进行准确的分类，它其实包括包括了各种装饰元素，样式的混合了各种装

2、饰元素，样式的混合和没有没有明显样式基础的创新装饰的运用明显样式基础的创新装饰的运用，是当时家具和其它用品设计的典型特征。 在建筑上，最直接的表现就是历历史上各种建筑式样的复兴史上各种建筑式样的复兴在整个维多利亚时期形成一种风尚。 哥特复兴样式哥特复兴样式Gothic revival style在英国首先备受推崇，新兴的富商、资产阶级渴望与贵族有同等的生活，他们对风格的准确性没有兴趣，因此经经常随机地使用常随机地使用几种风格的元素：文艺文艺复兴式、罗曼式、都铎式、伊丽莎白复兴式、罗曼式、都铎式、伊丽莎白式或意大利风格式或意大利风格。只是，维多利亚时期对这些风格的重新演绎并非只是简单的复制，而是

3、加入了更多现代的元加入了更多现代的元素素，并运用了新的建筑材料新的建筑材料，改进了原有的建造方法，从某种意义上说是对原有风格对原有风格进行了完善完善，是对多种风对多种风格格所作的融合融合。服饰妆容服饰妆容Victorian style n 维多利亚风格是19世纪英国维多利亚女王在位期间（18371901年）形成的艺术复辟的风格，它重新诠释了古典的意义，扬弃机械理性的美学，开始了人类生活中一种全新的对艺术价值的定义，这就是“维多利亚风格”。 维多利亚风格指维多利亚风格指18371837年至年至19011901年间，英国维多利年间，英国维多利亚女王在位期间的服饰风格，该时代女性的服饰特亚女王在位期

4、间的服饰风格，该时代女性的服饰特点是，大量运用蕾丝、细纱、荷叶边、缎带、蝴蝶点是，大量运用蕾丝、细纱、荷叶边、缎带、蝴蝶结、多层次的蛋糕裁剪、折皱、抽褶等元素，以及结、多层次的蛋糕裁剪、折皱、抽褶等元素，以及立领、高腰、公主袖、羊腿袖等宫廷款式。随着复立领、高腰、公主袖、羊腿袖等宫廷款式。随着复古风潮的盛行，这股华丽而又含蓄的柔美风格，正古风潮的盛行，这股华丽而又含蓄的柔美风格，正带给我们耳目一新的感觉。带给我们耳目一新的感觉。 无论是服装还是彩妆，浪漫的紫色都是主角，无论是服装还是彩妆，浪漫的紫色都是主角，淡薰衣草紫色的眼妆如下午茶般清甜悠闲，最适合淡薰衣草紫色的眼妆如下午茶般清甜悠闲，最适

5、合搭配各种维多利亚造型的服装，且相得益彰。此外搭配各种维多利亚造型的服装，且相得益彰。此外光滑优雅的发髻现在也回来了，或者是中分的波浪光滑优雅的发髻现在也回来了，或者是中分的波浪长发，打破了春夏懒散宽松的形象，倡导精致庄重。长发，打破了春夏懒散宽松的形象，倡导精致庄重。 multi-layered cake cutting（多层次蛋糕（多层次蛋糕裁剪裁剪)荷叶边荷叶边lotus leafhigh waist（高腰（高腰) bows(蝴蝶结蝴蝶结)wrinkle (褶皱褶皱)立领collarleg of mutton sleeves（羊腿袖）（羊腿袖）women with high social

6、 status would wear corsets, which drags to the ground with a long skirt, and fastens the waist. 谢谢观赏谢谢观赏Charlotte Bronte is a writer of Realism combined with Romanticism. Why is Jane Eyre by her a successful novel?The story opens with the titular heroine, Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan. This novel

7、 sharply criticizes the existing society, e.g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions such as Lowood School where poor girls are trained. The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine Jane Eyre. Overview of the PlotThe story tells

8、the story of a poor child named Oliver Twist. He was born in a workhouse and brought up under miserable conditions. After experiencing an unhappy apprenticeship to an undertaker, he runs away to London, where he falls into the hands of a gang of thieves. Then he is made to be a pickpocket. A benevol

9、ent rich old man called Mr. Brownlow rescues him and takes him home, but the thieves kidnap him and make him join them once again. A bad person named Monks, who turns out to be Olivers half-brother, helps the thieves in keeping Oliver in the gang, in order to ruin him and obtain the whole of his fat

10、hers property. Then Oliver is made to help one of the thieves in breaking into a ladys house. He gets wounded, and comes into the hands of a lady who turns out to be his aunt. Finally the thieves in the gang are punished and Olivers half-brother is compelled to confess his evil doings and put into p

11、rison. Olive is adopted by Mr. Brownlow.This novel is a powerful exposure of bourgeois society. It shows the extreme brutality and corruption of the oppressors and their agents under the mask of philanthropy. Charles Dickens gives vivid descriptions of the suffering s of the poor and oppressed. We s

12、ee that the Dickens, while sympathizing with the miseries of the people, did not know what or who was responsible for such miseries and even cherish illusion about rich, idle and benevolent people like Mr. Brownlow. He believed that the whole social problems would be solved if only every employer followed that example set by “ good gentlemen” like Brownlow.A Tale of Two CitiesIn A Tale of Two Cities Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel, and the two cities are Paris and London in the time of that revolution.The theme underlying A Tale