高中英语情态动词课件精品

1、Grammar一、情态动词一、情态动词情态动词用来表示说话者对某一行为的态度和观点，情态动词用来表示说话者对某一行为的态度和观点，包括能力、许可、推测、意愿、需要、义务和责任等。包括能力、许可、推测、意愿、需要、义务和责任等。常见的情态动词有常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, used to等。情态动词有三个特点：等。情态动词有三个特点：（1 1）其本身有词义，并有助动词的一些特点：变为疑问句或）其本身有词义，并有助动词的一些特点：变为疑

2、问句或否定句时不需要助动词，而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问否定句时不需要助动词，而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句，直接在情态动词后加句，直接在情态动词后加notnot，构成否定句。故情态动词的全，构成否定句。故情态动词的全称是情态助动词（称是情态助动词（modal auxiliary verbsmodal auxiliary verbs）。）。（2 2） 它不能单独作谓语，必须与后面的动词原形一起构成谓它不能单独作谓语，必须与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。语。（3 3）情态动词没有人称和数的变化，也没有非谓语动词的形）情态动词没有人称和数的变化，也没有非谓语动词的形式。式。下面我们分类讲解：

3、下面我们分类讲解：ll1表能力I can climb this pole. He is only four , but he can read. lFire cant destroy gold. can 和和could： 表示能力的情态动词的用法。表示能力的情态动词的用法。can, could, be able to表示能力，意为表示能力，意为“能，会能，会”，但：但：can 用于一般现在时；用于一般现在时；could 用于一般过去时，用于一般过去时，be able to （不是情态动词）可用于多种时态：一（不是情态动词）可用于多种时态：一般现在时（般现在时（is/am/are able to

4、)，一般过去时，一般过去时(was/were able to)，一般将来时，一般将来时(shall/will be able to)，现在完成时，现在完成时(have/has been able to) ，还，还有非谓语有非谓语Can 与与 be able to do 的区别的区别Can表示一贯的能力 ，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力意为意为“设法或成功地做成了设法或成功地做成了某事某事”时（相当于时（相当于 managed to do sth.或或 succeeded in doing sth.），）， 1. I cant swim. But I am sure I

5、 will be able to swim through more practicing.2. The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out3. When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bankcan/be able to区别区别: A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.was able to2. She _ sp

6、eak both English and French.canl2 can 用在肯定句中表示(一时的可能)。lA house in the center of London can cost a lot of money.lLearning English can be difficult .The road can be blocked. 3 用于否定与疑问结构中表推测、可能性lCan the news be true? It cant be true. lWhat can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思? 策划：学生双语报8can/could表示推测表示推测 1).

7、can /could 表示推测时，一般用在表示推测时，一般用在否定句或疑问否定句或疑问句中。用在肯定句中表示客观可能性句中。用在肯定句中表示客观可能性e.g. Can it be Mr. Green? 这个人不可能是玛丽，这个人不可能是玛丽， 她生病了。她生病了。It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill. 她不可能在说谎。她不可能在说谎。It can be hot in summer here.（客观可能性）（客观可能性）She couldnt be telling lies.策划：学生双语报92). cant/couldnt have done 对对过去发生过去

8、发生行为的行为的可能性进行推测可能性进行推测: :刚才我还看见他了，刚才我还看见他了， 所以他不可能出国的。所以他不可能出国的。 I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad. 门是锁着的，门是锁着的， 所以她不可能在家。所以她不可能在家。The door was locked. She couldnt have been at home.103). could have done “本可以，本来可能已经本可以，本来可能已经”用于用于肯定句肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断（断（虚拟虚拟）. . e.g

9、.你本来可以考的更好。你本来可以考的更好。You could have had a better mark.l4 表示请求或允许请求或允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。lCan (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗?lCan I smoke here ? 我可以在这里抽烟吗?5 could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. could 是是can的过去式的过去式, 表示与过去表示与过去 有关的能力和推测有关的能力和推测: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替可以代替can表示请求、表

10、示请求、“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike?Yes, you can.Im afraid I couldnt give you an answer today.You cant be too carefulShe couldnt but agree to my idea.The girl couldnt help crying.I cant thank you enough.The film couldnt be any worse.I burst out laughing

11、; I couldnt help itCan或或could 的否定形式构成习惯短语的否定形式构成习惯短语Cant.too.无论怎样无论怎样也不过分；越也不过分；越越越Cant .enough.无论怎样无论怎样也不过分也不过分Cant(help)but do不得不做，只好做不得不做，只好做Cant help doing 情不自禁情不自禁Cant help it 没有办法没有办法Cant .+比较级比较级 再再不过了（表示最高级）不过了（表示最高级）may 和和might ： may 常用来表示：常用来表示： A. 表示请求、允许表示请求、允许;比比can较为正式较为正式 May I come i

12、n ? You may go now.(给予许可）给予许可） B. 表示说话人的猜测表示说话人的猜测: “也许也许” “可可能能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。 eg. -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在疑问句中，表示可能性用在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。 如：如：Where can he be? 他会在他会在哪呢？哪呢？ C. 表示祝愿表示祝愿;但语气较正式但语气较正式: eg. May you succe

13、ed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有的用法有: 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如如: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用她说他可以拿她的自行车去用 表示现在的许可表示现在的许可, 语气比语气比may 较委婉较委婉, 一般用于疑问句一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句包括间接疑问句), 不可不可用于肯定句或者否定句。用于肯定句或者否定句。 如如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗？我可以和你说句话吗

14、？lMay well 很可能、有充分的理由可以很可能、有充分的理由可以lYou may well be rightlMay/might as well最好，不妨最好，不妨lThere is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.lMight as well have done 还不如还不如lThe film is so boring, and we might as well not have come to see it.May .do/be. 祝愿祝愿May you succeed!l 当回答由当回答由may 引起的问题时，否定答语用引起的问题

15、时，否定答语用must not,表示表示“不许可不许可”、“不应该不应该”、“不行不行”。May I come in?Yes, you may.No,you cantNo, you may not .No ,you mustntNo ,youd better not.will和和would： 1. will是助动词或是情态动词？是助动词或是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于构成将来时是助动词。 eg. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一些重要的事。我要告诉你一些重要的事。 （助动词）（助动词） 用于表示用于表示“意志意志”“”“

16、决心决心”“”“请求请求”是情态动词。是情态动词。would亦同理。亦同理。 Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？ （情态动词）（情态动词） lEvery Saturday evening they will play chess togetherlThe door wont openlIll do my best to help you.lWill you please give me a message when you see him?l -Write to me when you get home.l-

17、I will经常性习惯性经常性习惯性“老是、总是、终归是老是、总是、终归是表示功能，译作表示功能，译作“能能”或或“行行”意愿意愿2人称，询问对方意愿或向对人称，询问对方意愿或向对方提出请求方提出请求回答祈使句回答祈使句Would表示有礼貌的请求或邀请（表示有礼貌的请求或邀请（2人称）人称） Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？请您帮助我们，好吗？When I had some trouble, he would encourage me.We all tried to stop him smoking in bed but he wouldnt list

18、en.过去的习惯过去的习惯意愿意愿“要；愿要；愿”Would 与与 Used to do 区别区别 “过去常常过去常常” Would -过去习惯的动作动作（现在有可能还有此习惯）Used to do -过去习惯的动作动作及状态（现在已经没有此习惯）e.g. He would get up at 8 a.m. (现在有可能还在坚持此习惯)e.g. He used to get up at 8 a.m. （现在已经不再坚持此习惯）动作动作e.g. There used to be an old building here when I was young.状态状态shall和和should： 1.

19、 shall用于构成将来时是助动词。用于构成将来时是助动词。 eg: Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时（构成一般将来时, 助动词）助动词） 1.shall 用于用于第二、三人称陈述句中第二、三人称陈述句中，表示，表示说话人给对方的说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁命令，警告，允诺或威胁。e.g.1)You shall go with me.(命令命令) 2)You shall have the book when I finish it. (允诺允

20、诺) 3)He shall be punished.(威胁威胁) 2. shall用于用于第一、三人称疑问句中第一、三人称疑问句中，表示，表示说话人说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示征求对方的意见和向对方请示。e.g.4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意（征求意见）见） 5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示请示)3.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。种义务，多用于第三人称中。6) “The interest _be divided into five

21、 parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shalllIts required in our regulation that students shall go to school on time.l Persons under 18 shant be employed in night work.2. should 的用法的用法注意：注意：should可表示可表示“居然，竟然居然，竟然”。e.g.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如

22、此我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。无礼。 I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.I dont understand why she should have made such a mistake. e.g. Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，

23、但意义相近，但ought to多表示责任、多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替代替ought to。e.g. You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.4.should/ought to have done表示责备或表示责备或批评批评,意为意为“本应该做到本应该做到但没有做到但没有做到”,用用于否定则表示于否定则表示“本不该本不该但但”ought to的语的语气更强烈气更强烈.must和

24、和 have to1.must用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用 neednt或或dont have to，做做 “不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允禁止，不允许许” Must I finish all assignments at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2.表示表示“必须必须”这个意思时，这个意思时，mu

25、st 和和have to 稍有区别。稍有区别。must着重说明主观着重说明主观看法，看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外，强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。 You must be the new teacher. He must be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home. 3.must表示对某人某事的猜测，表示对某人某事的猜测， 作作“准准是是”，“一定一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。对，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have

26、 done He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking. How old are you, madam?If you must know, Im twice my sons age.4. must表示表示“偏要，硬要偏要，硬要”，指做令人，指做令人不快的事情不快的事情need 与与 dare 实义动词实义动词情态动词情态动词实义动词实义动词 vs 情态动词情态动词肯定句肯定句 实实情情e.g. She needs to stay at home today.e.g. He dares to j

27、ump from the high wall.e.g. She need stay at home today.e.g. He dare jump from the high wall.疑问句疑问句 e.g. Does she need to stay at home today?e.g. Does he dare to jump from the high wall?e.g. Need she stay at home today?e.g. Dare he jump from the high wall?实实情情否定句否定句Dare 作为实意动词的时候，作为实意动词的时候，否定句否定句中的中

28、的 to 可以省略可以省略e.g.He doesnt dare (to) jump from the high wall.实实e.g. She doesnt need to stay at home today.e.g. He doesnt dare to jump from the high wall情情e.g. She neednt stay at home today.e.g. He dare not jump from the high wall.策划：学生双语报43考点突破策划：学生双语报44表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法. .肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能

29、的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对将来对将来 对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常见常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doingl1. It must have rained last night,for the streets are wet.l2. It is

30、8 oclock.they may have arrivedl3. He looks very happy. He might not have known the resultl4. He could not have done such a thing.l5. She didnt come to school yesterday. Can she have been ill?l6. They left here early and should have arrived by now情态动词表推测情态动词表推测 对过去情况的推测对过去情况的推测策划：学生双语报46情态动词情态动词+have

31、 done表虚拟表虚拟 1 .could(不用不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表在肯定句中表示示“本来能够本来能够而没能而没能”，具有婉转的批评，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。和责备之意。1） I could have passed my exam easily, but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该该 犯的错误。犯的错误。2）You could have reported to me earlier. 你本该早点告诉我的。你本该早点告诉我的。策划：学生双语报472. s

32、hould/ought to+have done用于肯定句用于肯定句时，表示时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做本该做某事而实际上没做”，用，用于否定句时，则表示于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做不该做的事反而做了了”。1）You should have told him a week ago.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。2）He ought not to have taken the magazine out of the reading room.他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。策划：学生双语报483. might（不用（不用may）+ha

33、ve done表示表示“本来本来可以可以”，但实际上没有发生的事。，但实际上没有发生的事。1）You might not have told her.你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）了）2） You might have come earlier.你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）策划：学生双语报494. neednt +have done表示做了本表示做了本来不必去做的事。来不必去做的事。1）She neednt have gone to the station yesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的昨天她本不必

34、到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）（昨天她去了）2）You neednt have bought it.你本可不必买它的。你本可不必买它的。 （你买了）（你买了）l对比句子对比句子lIt was not cold yesterday. I neednt have taken the thick sweaters outlIt was not cold yesterday. I didnt need to take the thick sweaters out过去本不必过去本不必,却做了却做了.过去不必做过去不必做,实际也没有做实际也没有做1.Judging from his accent, he m

35、ust be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now,isnt, he? didnt he?arent they?因因must后是实意动词后是实意动词like因因must后是系动词后是系动词 be must后接的是后接的是be sleeping，是对正在进，是对正在进行的情况推测行的情况推测表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句表推测的情

36、态动词句子的反意疑问句1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term,hadnt we?3.He must have gone to Beijing,didnt it?hasnt he? 若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句若句中不含任何时间状语，若句中不含任何时间状语， 用现在完成时完成反意疑问句用现在完成时完成反意疑问句2.It must

37、have rained last night, for the road was very muddy，l表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句He must/may be in the room, ?He cant be in the room, ?He must have finished the work, ?He may have done the work last night, ?He must have been caught in the heavy rain last night,_?lwasnt heisnt he is hehasnt hedid

38、nt he策划：学生双语报54策划：学生双语报55 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。你妈妈一定一直在找你。 maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been look

39、ing策划：学生双语报56Practice 1: 高考考题专练高考考题专练1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must h

40、ave been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 策划：学生双语报574. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must

41、 B. need C. should D. could D C策划：学生双语报586. -Did the train arrive in time?-No. It _ two hours ago.A. must have arrived B. ought to have arrivedC. must arrive D. ought to arrive7. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, . A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustntB C

42、 策划：学生双语报598. We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attendedB 策划：学生双语报609. You _ such a long composition. The teacher only asked for 300 words. You have written 600. A. mustnt have written B. couldn

43、t have written C. neednt have written D. do not have to write10. There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom? A. can B. must C. should D. ought toC A 策划：学生双语报6111. Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. m

44、ust not B. may not C. should not D. dont have to12.-You may laugh, but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian（素食主义者）（素食主义者）. -Oh, you _ be out of your mind（发狂）（发狂）. You will be hungry all the time. A. will B. may C. must D. shouldD C策划：学生双语报6213.-I wonder why they are late? -They _ the train. ca

45、nt have missed B. could miss C. must have missed D. might miss14.-Show me your permit, please! -Oh, its not in my pocket. It _.A. might fall out B. could fall out C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen outCD策划：学生双语报6315. -Has Mike started? He said he would join in the party. -He _. He is a ma

46、n of keeping his word.A. could have left B. must have leftC. cant come D. wont be coming16.Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, _ be just noise to others. must B. may C. should D. could 17. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comf

47、ortable journey.A.cant be B. mustnt have been C. should be D. couldnt have been 18.Chinese must have the largest number of speakers, _.A.mustnt they B. havent they C. doesnt it D. didnt they BBDC策划：学生双语报6419.As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. neednt dress B. didnt have to

48、dress upC. Might not have dressed up D. neednt have dressed up20.Im rather surprised you havent reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you _ this as soon as you found out he was cheating. must have done B. might have done C. should have done D. could have done DC -_ I go out to play, mum? -No,

49、 you_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustntBPractice 2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. mayD3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would beA4. H