高中同步课件-必修5课件-单元1

1、Unit 1 Great Scientists单元目标单元目标1. 通过了解约翰斯诺、钱学森和尼古拉哥白尼等著名科学家的事迹，学习他们刻苦钻研、敢为人先的科学探索精神。2. 掌握过去分词作表语和定语的用法。3. 了解写人记叙文的文体特点；学习如何撰文介绍自己熟悉的人。单元话题单元话题谈论科学家的贡献以及如何进行科学研究谈论科学家的贡献以及如何进行科学研究主要语法主要语法过去分词(1)：作定语和表语说写任务说写任务描述自己熟悉的人描述自己熟悉的人建议课外建议课外拓展方向拓展方向了解更多世界著名科学家的事迹了解更多世界著名科学家的事迹科学家名言 1 The ideals which have li

2、ghted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully have been kindness, beauty and truth. (Albert Einstein, America)有些理想曾为我引过道路，并不断给我新的勇气以欣然面对人生，那些理想就是真、善、美。(美国，爱因斯坦) 2 Imagination is more important than knowledge. (Albert Einstein, America ) 想象力比知识更为重要。 (美国，爱因斯坦)3 Wh

3、ere there is a will, there is a way. ( Thomas Edison, America ) 有志者，事竟成。 (美国，爱迪生) 4 If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. (Thomas Edison, America) 如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友、以经验为参谋、以谨慎为兄弟、以希望为哨兵。 (

4、美国，爱迪生)5 Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie Curie, France) 生活中没有可怕的东西，只有应去了解的东西。(法国，居里夫人) 6 What a scientist should mind, is how people comment on him after several centuries, rather than words for or against him at that time. (Louis Pasteur, France)一个科学家应该想到的，不是当时人

5、们对他的表扬或者辱骂，而是未来若干世纪后人们怎么评价他。(法国，巴斯德)课文点评 本文通过选取约翰斯诺攻克霍乱的事例，从正面展示了这位著名的医学家勇于面对挑战，成功攻克难题的风彩。文章以事情发展的先后顺序为线索，语言简练传神。第一段便开门见山地提出问题他要面对挑战、解决问题；段落之间运用了“First”，“Next”等衔接词来承前启后，使文章结构紧凑、层次清晰；结尾简洁，点到即止，铿锵有力。 在学习课文时，同学们除了要注意学习其中的好词佳句外，更应认真领略作者如何通过叙事来塑造人物形象。主旨要义The main idea of this passage is that John Snow fo

6、und out the 1 of the disease called 2 which was a deadly disease in London in the 3 century. With Snows great efforts, the disease was finally under 4 .结构段落 根据课文内容，选择最佳答案 1 The passage is mainly about _.A. the definition of choleraB. the cause of choleraC. how John Snow defeated cholera D. why chole

7、ra had to be defeated 2 The word “absorb” in Paragraph 2 means _.A. take B. attractC. concentrateD. useCA 3 John Snow didnt believe that _.A. cholera multiplied in the air without reasonB. cholera was spread by germsC. people absorbed cholera into their bodies with their mealsD. people were dead aft

8、er cholera attacked 4 John Snow did some research in several steps EXCEPT _.A. gathering informationB. checking the places where people got waterC. looking into the waterD. repairing the pump handleAD5 According to the passage, which statement is true?A. People knew the cause of cholera before John

9、Snow proved it.B. People who lived in Broad Street all died because of cholera.C. The polluted water carried the disease.D. The water companies were instructed to offer polluted water.C短文填空John Snow, who was a famous doctor, 1 Queen Victoria as her personal 2 _ . In the 19th century,nobody could fin

10、d the cause of cholera, nor the 3 for it. John Snow got interested in two theories. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. The second suggested that people _ 4 this disease into their bodies with their meals. He _ 5 that the second theory was correct.attendedphysician

11、cureabsorbedsuspected So he gathered 6_ from the severe cholera outbreak and did a lot of research. He also found two other deaths 7 _ to the outbreak. At last he was able to _ 8 : it was the 9_ water that caused the illness. To prevent the cholera from happening again, the water companies were _10

12、to offer clean water. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.instructedinformationlinkedannouncepolluted词汇巧记 1 对比记忆 2 词根记忆Warming Up and Pre-Reading 1 characteristic n. 特征；特性What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 区别美国人和加拿大人的特征是什么?Carelessness is one of his less attractive ch

13、aracter-istics. 粗心大意是他的一个缺点。【拓展】character n.人物，角色；性格，品质【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 There are three main_in the movie. Whats the key _ of the leading actor?characteristiccharacters2 put forward 提出(建议，要求，计划，理论等)Mr. Smith put forward a suggestion at the meeting that we should set up a special department to deal

14、 with emergency. 史密斯先生在会议上提出一个建议，认为我们应该成立一个特别部门来处理突发事件。 【拓展】put up 举起；建立；搭起；张贴 put away 把收起来；放好put up with 忍受；容忍put off 推迟；延期put out 扑灭；熄灭【即讲即练】用上面短语的正确形式填空 Finally, the great fire in London _. Nobody can _ any practical plan on this project and we have to turn to some experts. The football match ha

15、d to _ due to the bad weather. You should _ those books on your desk before you leave.put awaywas put output forwardbe put off3 conclude v. 结束；作结论；推断出What can you conclude from these observations?你从这些观察中能得出什么结论？【拓展】conclusion n. 结论；结束【搭配】come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论，作出推论From what is said abov

16、e, we can draw a conclusion that teamwork is very important in todays com-petitive society.综上所述，我们可以得出结论，在当今这个竞争激烈的社会，团队合作十分重要。【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 No _ can be drawn until every detail is discussed and checked. So can we _ that only hard work can lead to success? concludeconclusion4 analyse v. 分析，分解，解

17、释The teacher tried to analyse the cause of our failure.教师设法分析我们失败的原因。【拓展】analysis n. (pl. analyses) 分析，分析报告His analysis was always shallow.他的分析总是很肤浅的。【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 He provided a detailed _ of the situation. He carefully _ our plan and promised to help us carry it out. analysedanalysisReading 5

18、defeat 【用法1】v. 打败；战胜；使受挫For the first time our football team defeated South Koreas at the very beginning this year.今年年初我国足球队第一次战胜了韩国队。【用法2】n. 失败Up to now we have had three defeats but never lose heart. 到目前为止，我们已失败三次了，但绝不能灰心。【辨析】defeat和windefeat用作及物动词时，后接的宾语多为表示人的名词或代词；win用作及物动词，后面可接比赛、辩论、战斗或奖项等；作为不及

19、物动词时表示“获胜”。【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 Unexpectedly, the world famous tennis player _ in an important match. We _ at football, but lost at basketball. wonwas defeated6 attend v. 【用法1】看护；照料The prince had a good doctor attending (on) him.王子有一个好医生在照料他。【用法2】出席，参加attend a meeting/conference 出席/参加会议attend a lectur

20、e 听讲座attend a wedding/funeral参加婚礼/葬礼【搭配】attend to照料；处理I have some urgent business to attend to.我有一些急事要处理。【即讲即练】用上面单词或短语的正确形式填空 The nurse is _ a medical conference this Friday morning. A nurse is _ the diserted baby now. 7 expose vt. (使) 暴露；揭露；使 (胶片) 曝光When he smiled, he exposed a set of perfect whit

21、e teeth. 当他笑的时候，露出一排漂亮洁白的牙齿。He exposed the tricks of the enemy.他揭露了敌人的阴谋诡计。Fortunately, the film hasnt been exposed.幸亏胶片没有曝光。 attending toattending【搭配】be exposed to 遭受，处于expose sth./sb./oneself to sth. 显露或暴露某人/物Nowadays, the teenagers are exposed to a virtual world on the Internet.当今的青少年置身于一个虚拟的网络世界

22、里。Stay at home and dont expose your skin to the sun.留在家里，不要让你的皮肤在阳光下暴晒。【即讲即练】完成句子 All those _ (沾上毒品的) will ruin themselves in the end. He didnt dare _ (揭穿他们的违法行为).to expose their illegal behaviorsexposed to drugs/who are exposed to drugs 8 cure vt. 治愈；治疗He says he can cure my toothache/cure me of my

23、 toothache but I still doubt him. 他说能治好我的牙疼，可我还是不相信他。cure n. 治愈；疗法；对策The doctor told us that he couldnt guarantee a cure. 医生告诉我们他无法保证给治好。【拓展】curable adj. 可治愈的incurable adj. 无法治愈的【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 Though SARS is a serious illness, yet it isnt _. Dont worry too much about your grandma, she will be _

24、soon. The most important thing the local government should do is to find out the practical _ for hunger.cureincurablecured【辨析】cure, treat和heal三个词都有“治疗”的意思。但是treat强调“治疗过程”，cure和heal侧重“治好”。heal多指治好外伤，而cure侧重于治好内科疾病，还可以指纠正社会不良现象或恶习。【即讲即练】用上面短语的正确形式填空 Dont disturb the doctor. He is now busy_ the babys w

25、ound in the leg. The nurse is very considerate in _ her patients. You should try your best to _ your sister of her bad habit.curehealingtreating 9 challenge 【用法1】vt. 挑战；考验The job doesnt really challenge him.这工作并不能真正地考验出他的能力。【用法2】n. 挑战The environmental pollution is the most serious challenge we face

26、today.环境污染是我们今天面临的最严峻的挑战。【拓展】challenging adj. 具有挑战性的；困难而有趣的challenger n. 挑战者【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 How to face success is also a _ to all of us. Rescue work at such a high altitude is really _. Nobody dared to _ Aristotles idea at that time.challengechallengechallenging10 The first suggested that choler

27、a multiplied in the air. 第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。suggest v.常用来表示“建议；提议”，后接宾语从句时用虚拟语气；此外，还可以表示“表明，暗示”，相当于show/imply，后接宾语从句时则用陈述语气。He suggested that urgent measures be taken at the moment.(虚拟语气)他建议即时采取紧急措施。The puzzled look on his face suggested that he didnt understand what I was saying. (陈述语气)他一脸疑惑，可见不明白我在说

28、什么。【拓展】suggest doing sth. 建议做某事advise v. 建议，劝告advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事advice n. 建议，劝告，忠告suggestion n. 建议【即讲即练】改写句子 Our teacher suggested that we keep a diary in English every day.Our teacher _ _ a _ that we keep a diary in English every day.Our teacher _ _ a diary inEnglish every day.Our teache

29、r _ us _ _ a diary in English every day. His remarks suggested that he was satisfied with our performance. His remarks _/_ that he wassatisfied with our performance.put forwardsuggestionsuggested keepingadvisedto keepshowedimplied11 absorb v.【用法1】吸收Wed better not dress in black in summer because it

30、can easily absorb heat. 我们最好不要在夏天穿黑色衣服，因为这很容易吸热。Henry is a clever boy and he absorbs knowledge faster than the other boys in his class. 亨利是个聪明的孩子，他吸收知识的速度比同班的其他男孩都要快。【用法2】使并入，吞并Small businesses are absorbed by big ones in the competitive fields. 在竞争激烈的行业中，小公司被大公司吞并。【用法3】使感兴趣，沉迷，使专心，吸引The project had

31、 absorbed him for several years.他曾专注于这项工程好几年。【搭配】be absorbed in 全神贯注于【拓展】absorbed adj. 全神贯注的absorbing adj. 引人入胜的absorption n. 专注；吸收【即讲即练】用上面单词或短语的正确形式填空 Sally _ doing her homework so that she didnt notice me when I came in. My parents are satisfied with my complete_ in study. He was too _ in the foo

32、tball match to hear the phone call. The net game was so _ that he refused to stop for dinner.absorbingwas absorbed inabsorption absorbed12 suspect v. 【用法1】疑有；觉得I strongly suspect that theyre trying to get rid of me. 我强烈感觉到他们试图摆脱我。【用法2】怀疑(某事物)；不信任I suspect the truth of her statement. 我对她那番话的真实性表示怀疑。【

33、搭配】suspect sb. of. 怀疑某人Whom do the police suspect of the crime? 警方怀疑是谁作的案？【拓展】suspect n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象suspect adj. 不可靠的；不可信的【即讲即练】根据中文提示写出句子 He is a dishonest person. _ .(他说的是不可靠的) What she said sounded convincing, but they _. (怀疑它是个谎言)suspected it to be a lieWhat he said is suspect13 enquiry n. 【用法1】请求帮

34、助；询问 (后常跟about)I have been making some enquiries about it. 我一直在打听这件事情。【用法2】调查；查究 (常与into搭配)We should call for a public enquiry into the case. 我们应该要求公开调查这个案件。【拓展】enquire v. 询问；打听 (= inquire)【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 A customer _ about the price of our new product over there. They have already made _ of all

35、those who are to attend the meeting. enquiriesis enquiring14 severe adj. 【用法1】极为恶劣的，十分严重的Wenchuan County suffered severe losses during the earthquake.汶川县在这次地震中损失惨重。【用法2】严厉的；严重的Finally, the gangster got a severe punishment.最后那名匪徒受到了严惩。15 It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。It seeme

36、d/seems that. (= sb. seemed/seems to.) 看来，似乎 Tony seems to know the truth. (=It seems that Tom knows the truth.) 看来托尼知道真相。blame vt. 责备；谴责Either he or I am to blame.不是他就是我该受责备。【搭配】blame sb. (for sth.)/ blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人The manager blamed him for his carelessness at work. 经理责备他工作粗心大意。be to bl

37、ame (for sth.) 对某事应负责任/应受责备(不能说to be blamed)Who was to blame for the broken glass?谁应该为打碎玻璃的事负责？blame n. 过失；责备You cant put the blame on others.你不该埋怨其他人。【即讲即练】用上面单词或短语的正确形式填空 Is he going to _ for his carelessness? Why do I always get the _? It seemed that the water was to blame. (句型转换)The water_ . see

38、med to be to blamebe to blameblame16 pollute v. 污染；弄脏I feel it is our duty not to pollute our environment. 我感觉我们有责任不污染我们的环境。【拓展】pollution n. 污染【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 Today the environmental _ is one of the most severe sufferings that we are experiencing. So we should go all out to stop _ the air and the

39、 water any more.Only in this way will we no longer eat the_ food and drink the _ water. .pollutionpollutingpollutedpolluted17 announce v. 宣布；宣告They announced their engagement in the news-paper. 他们在报纸上宣布了他们订婚的消息。It is announced that the president will resign next month. 据宣布，总统即将在下个月辞职。【拓展】announcemen

40、t n. 宣布，宣告announcer n. 播音员，广播员【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 We waited and waited but no _ was made. When she had finished, the head of the Drama Club _ the part was hers. News came from the _ that we, Class 3 won the relayrace. announcerannouncementannounced18 instruct v. 【用法1】instruct sb. (in sth.) 教授；传授(技能等)

41、 Mr. Zhang instructed a summer class in history last year. 张老师去年教一个暑期班历史。【用法2】instruct+wh-；instruct sb. to do sth. 指示；命令；吩咐 They havent instructed us what to do. 他们还未指示我们要做什么。My mother has instructed me to keep the room clean. 妈妈已经吩咐我要保持那房间的干净。 .【用法3】instruct+that从句 告知，通知We have been instructed that

42、 the meeting will be put off. 我们已获悉会议将延期举行。【拓展】instruction n. 说明；须知；教导【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空All the fresh students _ that they have to read the _ very carefully before they do the first experiment in the lab. .instructions are instructedLearning about Language19 contribute v. 【用法1】捐款，捐赠 (多与to连用)The comp

43、any contributed a large sum of money to the Red Cross last year. 去年，该公司捐了一大笔钱给红十字会。【用法2】 有助于，贡献 (contribute to)Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. 大量的新鲜空气有助于身体健康。【拓展】contribution n. 贡献，捐献物contributor n. 捐款者 .【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 If everyone can make a small _, our society will become more

44、harmonious. If everyone can _ a little, it will be of great help to those homeless children. contributecontribution20 apart from【用法1】除了外(还)in addition toApart from the cost, it will take a lot of time.除了费用，还要花很多时间。【用法2】除了外(都) = except forThe article is well written apart from the last paragraph. 除了最

45、后一段外，这篇文章写得很好。 .【拓展】in addition to除了之外(还有，包括在内)besides除了之外(还有，包括在内)except (for) 除了之外(不包括在内)except that除了(不包括在内)【即讲即练】用上面短语的正确形式填空 He is a very nice player _ he is stubborn sometimes. It has many advantages _ sharpness. apart fromexcept thatUsing Language21 be strict with sb. 对某人严格My mother was very

46、strict with me when I was a child. 小时候妈妈对我要求很严。【拓展】be strict in sth. / doing sth. 在方面要求严格【即讲即练】完成句子我们的英语老师对我们非常严格，她要求我们应该在作业上严格要求自己。Our English teacher_us and she demands that we _ our homework. should be strict in is very strict with us22 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other

47、 planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。当only后接副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。Only then did I realize that I had made a mistake. 只有在那时，我才意识到自己犯了一个错误。【辨析】only if 和 if only only if “只有，只要”，引导条件状语从句，如果位于句首，句子需要部分倒装。if only“但愿，要是就好了”，表示强烈的愿望，其后常用虚拟语气。If only I could fly. 我要是能飞多好啊。Onl

48、y if time permits will I go.(=I will go only if time permits.) 只有时间允许我才会去。make sense 有意义，讲得通What he said didnt make sense at all. 他所说的话一点儿意义都没有。【拓展】make sense of 弄懂的意思make little/no sense 没道理；没意义 .【即讲即练】用上面短语的正确形式填空 Though I could hardly _ what you said just now, yet the sentence you wrote seems to

49、_ . He has been trying his best to help the girl who is addicted to drugs. However, what hes been doing_, for she cant resist the temptation of drugs. makes little/no sensemake sense ofmake sense23 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the m

50、oon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。【分析】with the planets going round it是with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语的复合结构，在句中作状语。这一结构的宾语补足语可以是介词短语、副词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：(1) with + n./pron. + 介词短语 (2) with + n./pron. +副词 (3) with + n./pron. +不定式 (4) with + n./pron. + 现在分词 (5)

51、with + n./pron. + 过去分词 (6) with + n./pron. + 形容词【即讲即练】完成句子 他被带了进来，手被反绑着。He was brought in_ . 全部学生都走了，课室的灯还亮着。All the students left, _ . with the lights in the classroom still on with his hands tied back24 enthusiastic adj. 热情的Kate doesnt know about classical music much, but shes very enthusiastic. 凯

52、特对古典音乐不是很懂，但她很有热情。【搭配】be enthusiastic about 热情的；热心的Tom used to be enthusiastic about stamp collecting. 汤姆曾经对集邮很感兴趣。【拓展】enthusiastically adv. 热情地enthusiasm n. 热情；热心【即讲即练】用上面单词或短语的正确形式填空 Jacky Chans performance greatly aroused the _ of the audience. The new president made a speech _ the moment he came

53、 to power. As students we should _ public affairs as well as our own study. be enthusiastic about enthusiasmenthusiastically25 cautious adj. 【搭配】be cautious about/of sb./sth. 小心的；谨慎的He is cautious about making promises. 他对承诺持谨慎态度。We should be cautious of strangers. 我们应该提防陌生人。【拓展】cautiously adv. 谨慎地【

54、辨析】cautious 和 careful两个形容词都有“小心的，谨慎的”之意。cautious着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出错。careful侧重做事谨慎、细心，特别注意一些细节地方。【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 He was very _ in his choice of words, making sure of arousing no dispute. The doctor made a _ examination on the patient and found nothing wrong. careful cautious26 reject v. 【用法1】refus

55、e to accept sb./sth. 拒绝接受某人/某物To our disappointment, our suggestion was rejected by our teacher. 令我们失望的是，我们的建议被老师否决了。【用法2】抛弃，摈弃，剔除All apples with spots were rejected. 所有带斑点的苹果都被剔除。【辨析】refuse和reject两者都有“拒绝”的意思。refuse是普通用词，一般指“不是委婉而是直接地拒绝”，常接名词(如offer， request， invitation，permission等)，动词不定式作宾语或接双宾语。re

56、ject则语气强烈，用于正式场合，表示当面明确地拒绝所给、所请或所提议的事。往往只接名词(如offer，request，suggestion，plan，proposal，application，appeal 等)或代词作宾语。【即讲即练】用上面单词的正确形式填空 He _ my friendly advice upon further consideration. Some famous film stars _ to pay their income taxes. She received their invitation but she _ it.refusedrejected refus

57、e过去分词作定语和表语(The Past Participle As the Attributive and Predicative)一、作定语(1) 1 过去分词作定语，通常表示完成和被动的意义，如：the boiled water 煮开了的水。个别不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，仅表示完成的意义，如：the fallen leaves 落叶。 2 过去分词作定语时的位置(1) 单个的过去分词作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词之前，也叫前置定语。My parents are both retired teachers.我的父母都是退休教师。We needed many more qualified

58、 workers. 我们需要更多有资质的工人。 注意：单个的过去分词也可以作后置定语，放在被修饰的名词之后，用以强调动作。They decided to check the names of the people invited.他们决定核对受邀的人名。如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？(2) 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 The gir

59、l dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那个女孩是我的女儿。=The girl who is dressed in white is my daughter. 注意：有时过去分词短语前后可用逗号分开，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。These paintings, exhibited on Sunday, are all collected by Professor Wang. 这些画 (于周日展出)都是王教授的收藏。(3) 一些过去分词通常不能单独用作前置定语，但与某些名词或副词构成复合形容词后，便可放在被修饰的名词前面，作前置定语。如：a stat

60、e-run company 国营公司；a newly-born baby 新生婴儿。二、作表语过去分词作表语时并无“被动”或“完成”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。 1 过去分词作表语时，总是在连系动词(如：be，appear，become，get，feel，remain，seem，look等)之后，构成系表结构。He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.当他一想到要帮助那些受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。His right hand got burnt