中科院2003-2006年考博英语真题及其详解(共82页)

1、PAGE PAGE 82中国科学院2004年3月博士研究生入学考试(r xu ko sh)试题PART LISTENING COMPREHENSION （20 minutes, 20points）Section A (10 points,1,point each) Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.

2、 The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet1.A. Hell give a hand after class.B. He has to do something else.C. He isnt afraid to go with

3、 the woman.D. Hes going to hand in his paper.2.A. The woman asks the man for leave.B. The man does not welcome the woman.C. The man is on a visit to the woman.D. The woman hopes to live with the man.3.A.Hes got a good appetite.B. Its too long since he had lunch.C. Its better for him to go out for di

4、nner.D. Hes rarely got enough to eat.4.A. He often hsa his limbs hurt after driving.B. He was badly injured in a car accident.C. Hed rater the car was much nicer.D. Hes just got an expensive car.5.A. The man neednt have got surprised.B. The man didnt see her sister for long.C. The man should be asha

5、med of his shapeD. The man is putting on weight.6.A.Customer and tailorB. Customer and saleswomanC. Customer and laundry maidD. They cant wait to eat.7.A.Theyre going to eat at 4 oclock.B. Theyre cant wait to eat.C. They cant eat any moreD. Theyre ordering some cheap dish.8.A. Bob will get the car w

6、hen he has enough money.B. Bobs friend is buying the cat.C. Bob cant affore the new car.D. Bob has made the down payment on the car.9.A. Testing a CD player.B. Watching TV.C. Playing computer game.D. Listening to the radio.10.A.Calm down and forget it.B. Things should be much better.C. Make a louder

7、 complaint.D. Ask someone to solve the problem.Section B (10 points, point each) Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passage. At the end of each passage, there will be a few questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there wil

8、l be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machinescoring Answer Sheet.Questions 11-13 are based on the following educational report.11.A. Who is to give the comm

9、encement speech.B. Where to hold the graduation ceremony.C. How to get connected with celebrities.D. What is meant by“prominet figures”.12.A.Involve famous people in the graduation committee.B. Have a celebrity speak at the graduation ceremony.C. Invite the parents to the graduation ceremony.D. Give

10、 support to a presidential candidate.13.A. As many as 18.B. Less than 18.C. A few more than 18.D. At least 18.Questions14-16 are basen on the following science report14.A. Nearly 170 years.B. Less than 18.C. Almost 3 centuries.D. One and helf centuries.15.A. The second new generation showed purple-w

11、hite flowered.B. The first new generation all has white flowers.C. The second new generation were all purple-flowered.D. The first new generation carried the both plants features.16.A. Two generation of a plant.B. The features of all living things.C. The discovery of genes.D. Genetic research method

12、ologies.Questions 17-20 are based on the following educational report.17.A. Its a two-year graduate course offered in Malaysia by a famous foreign university.B. The program offers a degree to a Malaysian student only if he studies 2 years abroad.C. Its a program jointly run by a private Malaysian co

13、llege and a foreign university.D. The program combines 2 degree course that a student can complete in 3 years.18.A. Students can choose to study all the 3 years in Malaysia.B. Students can choose to study all the 3 years abroad.C. Students can complete a 3-year program by paying only 1-years cost.D.

14、 Students can finish a degree course within I year rather than 3 years.19.A.They bring more fame and gain to the Malaysian universities that run those programs.B. They provide students more opportunities to get to know foreign cultures and custome.C. They promote exchanging educational programs betw

15、een Malaysia and foreign countries.D. They make it more affordable to get degrees from some reputable foreign universities.20.A. Australias Curtin University of TechnologyB. Britains University of SheffieldC. Australias University of AdelaideD. Britains Manchester UniversityPART VOCABULARY (15 minut

16、es, 10 points, 0.5 point each) Directions: Choose the word or word below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machinescoring Answer Sheet.21. A knowledge of history us to deal with the va

17、st range of problems confronting the contemporary world.A. equips B. provides C.offers D. satisfies22. In assessing the impact of the loss of a parent through death and divorce it was the distortion of family relationships not the of the bond with the parent in divorce that was vital.A. disposition

18、B. distinction C.distribution D. disruption23. Finally, lets a critical issue in any honest exploration of our attitudes towards old people, namely the value which our society ascribes to them.A. stick to B. turn to C.lead to D. take to24. Smuggling is a_activity which might bring destruction to our

19、 economy; therefore, it must be banned.A. pertinent B. fruitful C.detrimental D. casual25. The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under_of law.A. guideline B. definition C.constraint D. idetity26. The food was divided_according to the age and size of the child.A. equally B.

20、 individually C.sufficiently D. proportionally27. Horseback riding_both the skill of handing a horse and the mastery of diverse riding styles.A. embraces B. encourages C.exaggerates D. elaborate28. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,_their cleanness, toughness, and low cost.A. by

21、 virtue of B. in addition to C.for the sake of D. as opposed to29. He cannot_the fact that he was late again for the conference at the university yesterday.A. contribute to B. account for C.identify with D. leave out30. Please do not be_by his had manners since he is merely trying to attract attenti

22、on.A. disgusted B. embarrassed C.irritated D. shocked31. For nearly 50 years, Spock has been a_author writing 13 books including an autobiography and numerous magazine articles.A. prevalent B. stand up to C.prospective D. prolific 32. Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning ou

23、t poor products that do not_the test of international competition.A. keep up with B. stand up to C.comply with D. attend to33. The business was forced to close down for a period but was_revived.A. successively B. subsequently C.predominantly D. preliminarily34. The book might well have_had it been l

24、ess expensive.A. worked out B. gone through C.caught on D. fitted in35. We had been taken over by another firm, and a management_was under way.A. cleanup B. setup C.breakout D. takeout36. The poor quality of the film ruined the_perfect product.A. rather B. much C.otherwise D. particularly37. Ill hav

25、e to_this dress a bit before the wedding next week.A. let off B. let go C.let loose D. let out38. They reached a(n)_to keep their dispute out of the mass madia.A. understanding B. acknowledgement C.limitations D. misgivings39. After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have_abo

26、ut our map.A. troubles B. fears C.limitations D. misgivings40. If you dont want to talk to him, Ill speak to him_.A. on your account B. on your behalf C.for your part D. in your interestPAET CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points) Direction: There are 15 blanks in this part of the test, read the passage

27、through, Then, go back and choose the suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the world or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.The process by means of which human

28、beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things many be called the symbolic process.Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are_ 41_things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value.Almost all fashionable clothes are_ 42_symb

29、olic, so is food. We_ 43_our furniture to serve _ 44_visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses_ 45_the basis of a feeling that it“looks well”to have a “good address.”We trade perfectly good cars in for_ 46_models not always to get better transportation, bu

30、t to give_ 47_to the community that we can _ 48_it.Such complicated and apparently_ 49_behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, “why cnat human beings_ 50_simply and naturally.” Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative_ 51_of such live as dogs and cat

31、s. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no_ 52_for wanting to_ 53_to a cat and to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process_ 54_instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, its_ 55_.41. A. many B. some C. few D.

32、 enough42. A. highly B. nearlyC. merely D. likely43. A. makdB. get C. possess D. select44. A. ofB. forC. asD. with45. A. onB. toC. atD. for46. A. earlier B. laterC. former D. latter47. A. suggestion B. surprise C. explanation D. evidence48. A. useB. affordC. ride D. find49. A. uselessB. impossible C

33、. inappropriate D. unnecessary50. A. live B. workC. stay D. behave51. A. passivity B. activity C. simplicity D. complexity52. A. meaning B. reasonC. time D. doubt53. A. lead B. devoteC. proceed D. return54. A. so thatB. in that C. considering thatD. by reason that55. A. teachers B. studentsC. master

34、s D. servantsPART READING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points) Directions: You will read five passage in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some question or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefull

35、y, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage1The Solar Decathlon is under way, and trams of students from 14 colleges and universities

36、are building solar-powered homes on the National Mall in Washington, D. C. in an effort to promote this alternative energy source. This week judges in this Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored event will evaluate these homes and declare one the winner. Unfortunately, for the participants, it rained

37、on the Sept 26th opening ceremonies, and the skies over the Washington have remained mostly overcast since. However, the conditions may have made for a more revealing demonstration of solar energy than was originally planned.Although the Solar Decathlons purpose is to advertise the benefits of elect

38、ricity-generating solar panels and other residential solar gadgets, the had weather has made it hard to ignore the limitations. As fate so amply demonstrated, not every day is a sunny day, and indeed D O Es“Solar Village on the National Mall” has received very little of what it needs to run.Since so

39、lar is not an always available energy source, even a community consisting entirely of solar homes and businesses would still need to be connected to a constantly-running power plant (most likely natural gas or coal fired) to provide reliable electricity. For this reason, the fossil fuel savings and

40、environmental benefits of solar are considerably smaller than many proponents suggest.Washington, D. C. gets its share of sunny days as well, but even so, solar equipment proveds only a modest amount of energy in relation to its cost. In fact, a $ 5,000 rooftop photovoltaic system typically generate

41、s no more than $ 100 of electricity per year, providing a rate of return comparable to a passbook savings account.Nor do the costs end when the system is installed. Like anything exposed to the elements, solar equipment is subject to wear and storm damage, and may need ongoing maintenance and repair

42、s. In addition, the materials that turn sunlight into electricity degrade over time. Thus, solar panels will eventually need to be replaced, most likely before the investment has fully paid itself off in the form of reduced utility bills.Solar energy has always has its share of true believers willin

43、g to pay extra to feel good about their homes and themselves. But for homeowners who view it as an investment, it is not a good one. The economic realities are rarely acknowledged by the govenment officials and solar equipment manufactures involved in the Solar Decathlon and similarly one-sided prom

44、otions. By failing to be objective, the pro-solar crowd does consumers a real disservice.56. The Solar Decathlon is most probably the name of a_.A. technology B. contest C. strategy D. machine57. What does the author say about the weather?A. It is rare for Washington, D. C. to have such long rainy d

45、ays.B. It has been raining since Sept 26th for the most of the time.C. It is favorable to the manufacturers to promote solar equipment.D. It has helped see the disadvantages of solar energy.58. What has happened to D O Es“Solar Village on the National Mall”?A. It has revealed a mechanical problem.B.

46、 It lacks the energy for operation.C. It needs substantial financial support.D. It has drawn criticism from the government.59. The environmental benefits of solar power are small because_.A. solar power plants can hardly avoid polluting their surroundingsB. most people prefer the relatively simple u

47、se of fossil fuelC. the uses of solar enery still cannot go without fossil fuelD. only several communities entirely consist of solar energy homes60. It can be inferred that “a passbook savings account”_.A. brings little interestB. brings much interestC. is a deposit of at least $ 100D. is a deposit

48、of at least $ 500061. It can be inferred that in promoting solar energy the US government_.A. admits its limitation of being expensiveB. rarely mentions its cost to homeownersC. stands on the side of the majority of consumersD. remains more objective than the solar equipment manufacturersPassage2Eve

49、ry year, the American Lung Association (ALA) releases its annual report card on smog, and every year it gives an“F” to over helf the nations counties and cities. When ALAs “State of the Air 2002” recently came out, dozens of credulous local journalists once again took the bait, ominously reporting t

50、hat their corner of the nation received a failing grade. The national coverage was no better, repeating as fact ALAs statement that it is “gravely concerned” about air quality, and neglecting to solicit the views of even one scientist with a differing view. Too bad, because this report card says a l

51、ot less about actual air quality than it does about the tactics and motives of the ALA.The very fact that 60 percent of counties were giver an “F” seems to be alarmist. This is particularly true given that smog levels have been trending downward for several decades. According to the Environmental Pr

52、otection Agency (EPA) statistics, ozone, the primary constituent of smog, progress will likely continue, even without the wave of new regulations ALA is now demanding.ALA is correct that some areas still occasionally exceed the federal standard for ozone, but such spiles are far less frequent than i

53、n the past. Even Los Angeles, the undisputed smon capital of America, has cleaned up its act considerably. Los Angeler,which exceeded federal smog standards for 154 days in 1989, has had 75percent fewer such spikes in recent years. But an ALA-assigned“F”misleadingly implies that air quality has not

54、improved at all.Most of the nation is currently in attainment with the current smog standard, and much of the rest is getting close, Nonetheless, ALA chose to assign an “ F”to entire county based on just a few readings above a strict new EPA standard enacted in 1997 but not yet in force. In effect,

55、ALA demanded a standard even more stringent than the federal governments, which allows some leeway for a few anomalously high reading in otherwise clean areas. ALA further exaggerated the public-health hazard by grossly overstating the risks of these relatively minor and sporadic increases above the

56、 standard.62.The medias response to ALAs “State of the Air 2002”can best be described as_.A. trusting B. suspicious C. critical D. hesitant63. By citing figures from the EPA, the auther seem to contend that_ .A. the regulations about smog have proved effectiveB. new regulations are necessary to deal

57、 with smogC. smog problems have actually become less seriousD. the federal smog standard has been rather low64. In Paragraph 3, the word “spikes”(in boldface) probably refers to_.A. the increase above the smog standardB. the irregular readings about air quality in some areasC. the occurrences of smo

58、g in Los AngelesD. the current standards demanded by ALA65. The author draws on Los Angeles to prove that the ALA_.A. is right to assign an “F”to that areaB. often bases its report on the past eventsC. has a good reason to stress smog risksD. has overstated smog problems66. The author agrees with th

59、e ALA that_.A. present smog standards should be made stricterB. the standard established by the EPA is effectiveC. some areas fail to meet the federal standard at timesD. poor air quality is a major problem nationwide67. One of the problems with the ALA seems to be_.A. its lack of opinions from expe

60、rtsB. its focus on some irregular casesC. its attempt to make up the dateD. its inconsistent smog standardsPassage3It was (and is )common to think that other animals are ruled by“instinct”whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by “reason,”and that this is why we are so much more flexibly inte