南昌航空大学英语高级第1册第一单元的课件

1、 Unit 1 Hit the Nail on the Head南昌航空大学大学英语2Pre-reading QuestionsQ 1 Choose the right word and tell the differenceperson / personnel a business _ engineering and technical _west / western the _ society the _ wind Words with a common root are very different in meaning and collocation. (semantic) 3Pre-

2、reading QuestionsQ 2 Whats wrong with the following sentence? Hawaii lures many tourists.failure to recognize the connotations of words(connotational) lure: persuade sb. to do sth. wrong allure: attract sb. because of a desirable and exciting quality 4Pre-reading QuestionsQ 3 Tell the difference bet

3、ween the following sentences1. When his dad died, Peter had to get another job.2. After his fathers death, Peter had to change his job.3. On the decease of his father, Mr. Brown was obliged to seek alternative employment.stylistic differences between synonyms(situational) 5Pre-reading QuestionsQ4Giv

4、e 10 words meaning “laugh”.There is a variety of specific words of general notions.(generic vs. specific)6Pre-reading QuestionsQ 5 Is there anything wrong with the following sentence? She is very good. choosing the exact words instead of empty words7Pre-reading QuestionsQ1 difference in meaning or c

5、ollocation of words with a common root Q2 failure to recognize the connotations of wordsQ3 stylistic differences between synonymsQ4 the abundance of specific words for general notionsQ5 choosing the exact words instead of empty words? Hit the nail on the headA? Hit the nail on the headB? Hit the nai

6、l on the headC11hit the nail on the head: describe a situation or problem exactly, be exactly right in words or action 正中要害，一语中的，一针见血 (how to) use exact words12P1drive something home: 1. force sth. into the right place; 把打入2. make sth. completely clear 使明白无误He slammed the door and drove the bolt hom

7、e.drive ones point home 讲清楚自己的观点To drive home his policy, the president wrote his second letter. 阐明政策I tried to drive it home that we needed extra people, but the boss wasnt interested. 让明白13P1more or less: almost, not completely loose: not exact 不严谨的，不精确的 ambiguous: having more than one meaning vag

8、ue: not clearambiguityvagueness 14P1 What is “clean English”? precise and clear English P1 a comparison (metaphor, simile) A skilled writer is compared to a skillful carpenter.What is the similarity between them?16P1comparison (metaphor, simile) : similarities 比喻 familiar, easy unfamiliar, difficult

9、, abstractanalogy: an extended comparison running through the whole passage 类比17Other places that echo the analogy?P5 We dont have to look far afield to find evidence of bad carpentry in language. (l.31)P9It is perhaps easier to be a good craftsman with wood and nails than a good craftsman with word

10、s (ll.77-79)P11A good carpenter is not distinguished by So a good writer is not measured by (ll. 95-98)Thesis statementA thesis statement is a statement that tells what an article is about.Which sentence(s) in P1 is(are) the thesis statement of the whole article? 1819P2apt: exactly rightscrupulous:

11、careful, meticulous, painstaking20P2shade of meaning/opinion/feeling: a meaning/opinion/feeling that is slightly different from other onese.g. There are many shades of opinions in the party.shades of difference: slight differencesshades of a colour 21P2 How can one find the exact words? What are the

12、 functions of correct choice of words? “ How can I know what I think till I see what I say?” Do you agree?22P3concept: idea widely heldconception: idea held by an individual or a small group, colored by imagination and feelingP3What does this sentence mean?The exact use of language gives us mastery

13、of the material we are dealing with.2324Topic sentenceSupporting sentencesExamples25P4-7Topic sentence?Examples:human humane human action human rights human killerhumane action humane rights humane killeranxiety eagerness ?singularity singleness 26P4-7 3 exampleshuman: relating to or characteristic

14、of humankind or peoplehumane: having or showing compassion or benevolence; characterized by kindness, mercy and sympathyanxiety: worry and feareagerness: keenness, excitementsingularity: oddity, peculiaritysingleness of mind: holding steadfastly to the purpose in mind 目标专一27P4-7far/further/farthest

15、afield: far away, esp. from homeIt will not do: it is not acceptable, it is not suitable 28P4-7rife: (sth. bad or unpleasant) widespread, commonbe rife withbe rife in e.g. Violent crimes are rife in this city. Corruption (unemployment) is rife in that country. The whole city is rife with rumors. 谣诼纷

16、纷 This article is rife with errors. 29P4-7stirring: produce strong feelings or excitement 激动人心的hold to: follow exactly, keep to, adhere to 坚持，信守e.g. Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision. The priest held to his belief in spite of cruel treatment. I hold to my promise. 30P4-7 Hold Fast

17、to Dreams by Langston Hughs Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow 31P8Topic sentence?Example：imprisonedcontainedsummed upepitomizeddistilleddistill the essence of 提炼精华 概括connot

18、ation32P8be alive to: be aware of, know fully well 了解，对敏感The children are playing in the road and are not alive to the dangers.Her husband was unfaithful to her but she didnt seem to be alive to it. He was alive to the risks involved in this investment. 今天年轻的一代对互联网上的最新信息很敏感。33P9Topic sentence?Exampl

19、es: In my childhood I loved to watch trains go by. When I was a child I loved watching trains go by. He died poor. He expired in indigent circumstances.What is the difference between the two sentences?34P9changealterationshiftmarked: obviousmaintain: strongly express35P10Topic sentence?Example: word

20、s describing walking36P11 What conclusion is drawn in the last paragraph? Quality in the mastery of words is more important than quantity. 37P11take courage: feel hopeful and confidente.g.It is a challenging job; but take courage and work hard at it, and youll be rewarded. 38StructureI. (P1) Introdu

21、ction Choosing right words is like driving a nail homeII. (P2-10) Body (P2-3) Why choose right words (P4-10) How to choose right words 1. (P4-7) Words of a common root have different meanings. 2. (P8) Synonyms have different connotations. 3. (P9) Synonyms are used in different styles. 4. (P10) There

22、 is a variety of specific words of general notions.III. (P11) Conclusion39Expressions in the text 准确表达观点繁多语言水平很高词汇量大很有道理在我们身边随处可见坚定的信念被干扰把区分出来违背意愿提高敏感度细微地改变明显的差异还不算扎实掌握和运用词汇量的大小drive home ones pointmany and varioushave a good command of languagehave a wide vocabularyThere is a great deal of truth in

23、We dont have to look far afield to findsingleness of mindbe drawn aside single outagainst ones willincrease ones sensitivitysubtly shift / slightly altera marked differencewithout counting have a good control and command of the extent of ones vocabularyReading and writing Read Language and Culture b

24、y邓炎昌，刘润清 chapter 2,3,4,5,6,7 and write a summary+opinion of at least 400 words4041Paraphrase文字变换词汇变换句型变换Choose words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. understandingexpress our ideas and feeling

25、sour readers and listeners42Paraphrase The exact use of language gives us mastery over the material we are dealing with.the correct use of language a thorough understanding of It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. Choosing th

26、e right words is difficult, but when we find them, we will feel satisfied. 43Paraphrase逻辑变换+文字变换A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. If a writer strives to use precise and clear English, he

27、 would not be satisfied with words that are not exact. Paraphrase逻辑变换+文字变换A good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. The number of tools alone does not make a good carpenter, but it is the skills he has acquired that can. 44Tra

28、nslationAfter citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point.It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.His new book looks squarely at the contemp

29、orary social problems. The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet.It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in ones childhood or other wise.Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it

30、 squarely.Adequate amounts of rice, meat, vegetable, and fruit constitute a balanced diet. 45Translation 英语词汇丰富，表达灵活，同一句话可以有多种不同的说法。但是意义相近的单词之间存在细微的差别，对于这些差别学英语的人要十分敏感。通过使用词典，当然，最主要的是通过阅读，学生才能增强对这些微妙差别的敏感度，提高自己精确表达意义的能力。4647Language workCreep: quietly, carefully, slowly, avoiding attention 蹑手蹑脚Loiter: stand or wait somewhere without clear reason （尤指在公共场所）闲逛，游荡March: quickly, firm and regular steps, like a soldier 齐步前行