国际贸易英文选择题

1、国际贸易英文选择题IntroductionWhichstatementmostaccuratelydescribesUStradesince1960?criImportscontinuallyexceededexports.Exportscontinuallyexceededimports.Exportsandimportsweremorethan50%ofGDP.BothimportsandexportsgrewasashareofGDP.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Asashareoftheireconomies,smallcountriestrademore

2、thanlargecountries.Importscannotexceedexportsbecausetradewillbecomeunbalanced.Economistsbelievethattradegenerallybenefitscountriesasawhole.U.S.importscurrentlyexceedU.S.exports.nThephrasegainsfromtradedescribes:Thebenefitfortwocountrieswhentheytradeormakeartransaction.Theprofitofmiddlemeninatradeora

3、transaction.Profitsmadebybusinessintradeoratransaction.Consumersurplus.doesnotbenefitconsumers.weakensanationssecurity.changesthedistributionofincomeinanunfavorableway.differencesinthesizeoftheireconomies.differencesinclimateandresources.differencesinlaborproductivity.ntheory,whichofthefollowingshou

4、ldbemostaversetointernationalrade?Countriesthataremoreefficientatproducingthanothercountries.Countriesthatarelessefficientatproducingthanothercountries.Ownersofresourcesthatarespecificallyusedinindustriesthatcompetewithimports.Consumers.theWorldTradeOrganizationhasrefusedtoacceptcost-benefitanalyses

5、.theNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementhasallowedtradebetweenUSandChina.tradepolicyhasbeenmostlydeterminedbyconflictsbetweennations.ananti-globalizationmovementhascontinuedtofighttradenegotiations.arefixedbygovernments.arefixedintermsofgold.fluctuateaccordingtomarketconditions.arefixedintermsoftheUSdoll

6、ar.Whichofthefollowingorganizationsreviewstradeagreementstodeterminefcountriesarekeepingtheirpromises?USCongress.TheUnitedNations.TheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.TheWorldTradeOrganization.rV10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueregardinginternationalcapitalmarkets?Currencyfluctuationsca

7、ncausethevalueofassetsinthemarkettobecomeunstable.Manycountriesregulateforeigninvestment.Thevalueofassetstradedinthemarkethasfallensincethedebtcrisisof1982.Nationsmaybeabletodefaultontheirdebt.WorldTrade:AnOverviewDIn2003,theUShadthelargesttotalamountofimportsfromandexportstoGermany.ClCanada.ElMexic

8、o.theUnitedKingdom.China.nitsmostbasicform,thegravitymodelsaysthatthemostimportantfactorsthatdescribetheamountoftradebetweencountriesaredifferencesinwagesandtechnologybetweencountries.theamountthatthecountriesproduceandthedistancebetweenthem.theculturalaffinitybetweenthecountriesandtheexistenceorlac

9、kofacommonlanguage.differencesintheamountofworkersandphysicalcapitalbetweencountries.thetariffbarriersbetweenthecountriesandthecostsoftransportation.Evidenceshowsthattheeffectofbordersisnotimportantwhencomparinginternationaltradewithtradebetweenregionswithinacountry.theamountoftradethatacountryunder

10、takesisnotrelatedtoitsgeography.countriesfartheraparthavelesstradebetweenthemonaverage.theamountoftradebetweencountriesisnotrelatedtotheculturalaffinitybetweenthecountries.theamountofUStradereacheditspeakin1950.TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement4Jhasshownthatinternationalbordersnolongeraffecttheamou

11、ntoftradebetweencountries.hasreducedtariffsandothertraderestrictionsamongBritishColumbia,ManitobaandOntario.hasreducedtheusefulnessofthegravitymodel.hasshownthatculturaltiesaremoreimportantindeterminingtheamountoftradebetweencountriesthantariffrates.hasreducedtariffsandothertraderestrictionsamongCan

12、ada,MexicoandtheUS.Whiletechnologieshavereducedthenegativeeffectthatdistancehasrade,onrrCrmanufacturedproducts.agriculturalproducts.theeffectsoftheInternetandairplanesontradehavebeennegligible.theeffectofinternationalbordershasnotbeenreducedthroughtradeagreements.politicalfactorshavehistoricallybeen

13、moreinfluentialindeterminingtheamountoftradethanavailabletechnologies.culturalclasheshaverecentlyreducedtheamountofUStradecomparedtotheamountoftradein1950.tradewasasmallerpartoftheUSandUKeconomiesin1995thanitwasin1950.Mostinternationaltradetodayisclassifiedastradeindairyproducts.services.mineralprod

14、ucts.ncontrastto50yearsago,mostexportsfromlowandmiddleincomecountriesarenowclassifiedasdairyproducts.manufacturedproducts.services.mineralproducts.agriculturalproducts.r8.IApproximatelywhatpercentofUSjobsareclassifiedasnon-tradablesuchthattheycannotbeeffectivelymovedtoaforeignlocation?5%10254060Serv

15、iceoutsourcingreferstothecaseinwhichafirmexportsoutofacountryratherthansellingproductswithinarcountry.consumersfindoutthesourceofwhereservicesarerendered.rafirmmovespartofitsservicesoutofthedomesticcountry.exportsarepromotedthroughsubsidiesandpricesupports.afirmimportsfromanothercountryratherthanbuy

16、ingproductsfrom110Jk产withinadomesticcountry.Grossdomesticproductmeasuresthetotalvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinaneconomy.thegrossweightofproductsthatareimportedintoadomesticcountry.thegrossprofitsfromallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedinaneconomy.thegrossweightofproductsthatareexportedfro

17、madomesticcountry.thegrossprofitsfromproductsthatareexportedfromadomesticcountry.LaborProductivityandComparativeAdvantage.TheRicardianModel4accountsforonlyoneindustryineachcountry.accountsforonlyonefactorofproduction.predictsthatdifferencesinendowmentsoffactorsofproductionleadtotrade.predictsthatcou

18、ntrieswithculturaltiestrademore.predictsthattradewilloccurevenifcountriesareidentical.itcanproduceshoesatalowerrelativecostthanothercountriescan.theproductivityofworkersintheshoeindustryinCountryAishigherthaninothercountries.itcanproduceshoesusingfewerresourcesthanothercountriescan.ithasmorefactorso

19、fproductionusedintheproductionofshoesrelativetoothercountries.TheRicardianmodelpredictsthatgainsfromtradeoccuronlyifbothcountrieshaveanabsoluteadvantageintheindustryinwhichtheyspecialize.onlyifcountriesdonotspecializecompletely.-onlyifcountriesspecializecompletely.onlyifacountryhasanabsoluteadvantag

20、einproduction.forbothcountriesthattradewitheachother.SupposethatCountryAhas5000unitsoflaborservicesandthatittakes50unitsoflaborservicestoproduceonecomputerand1unittocreateaWebpage.WhatistheopportunitycostofproducingaWebpage?10computersnotproduced100computersnotproduced0.0002computersnotproduced50com

21、putersnotproduced0.02computersnotproducedSupposethattheopportunitycostofproducingcomputersinCountryAis50WebpagesnotproducedandinCountryBis10Webpagesnotproduced.Undertheseconditions,theRicardianmodelpredictsthatCountryAwillexportcomputersandimportWebpages.thepatternoftradeisuncertainuntilwagesaredete

22、rmined.CountryAwillexportWebpagesandimportcomputers.tradewillnotoccur.CountryAhasthecomparativeadvantageinproducingcomputers.6.IWhichofthefollowingisNOTanassumptionintheRicardianmodel?Laborproductivityineachcountryisfixed.Eachcountryusesonlyonefactorofproduction.Laborcanfreelymoveacrosscountries.The

23、amountofeachfactorofproductionisfixed.Marketsarecompetitive.SupposethatCountryAhas100unitsoflaborservicesandCountryBhas200unitsoflaborservicesandthatbothcountriesproducecomputersandWebpages.Theunitlaborrequirementsareshowninthetable:ComputersWebpagesCountryA50匚1CountryB100r1fbothcountriesspecializec

24、ompletelyinproducingthegoodinwhichtheyhaveacomparativeadvantage,thenthesupplyofcomputersrelativetoWebpageswillbe:0.005(or1/200)0.01(or1/100)0.013(or1/75)0.02(or1/50)ItisimpossibletodeterminewithoutknowingtherelativepriceofcomputersintermsofWebpages.Atwhichofthefollowingrelativepricesofcomputersinter

25、msofWebsiteswillCountryBproducebothgoodsunderfreetrade?0.01SupposethatCountryAhas100unitsoflaborservicesandCountryBhas200unitsoflaborservicesandthatbothcountriesproducecomputersandWebComputersWebpagesCountryA501CountryB1001pages.Theunitlaborrequirementsareshowninthetable:25100Itisimpossibletotellwit

26、houttheinformationonlaborendowmentsineachcountry.AccordingtotheRicardianmodel,therelativepricesofgoodswhencountriestradeisdeterminedbyrelativedemandandrelativesupplyineachtradingcountry.relativeopportunitycostsinthetwocountries.relativewages.relativedemandandrelativesupplyinworldmarkets.relativeexpo

27、rtsandimportsWhichofthefollowingistrue?CountriesthathaveincreasedtradehaveseentheirwagesriseovertimerelativetoU.S.wages.CountriesthathaveincreasedtradehaveseentheirwagesfallovertimerelativetoU.S.wages.Tradehasgenerallyhelpedpoorcountriesbuthurtrichcountries.Tradehasgenerallymaderichcountrieslessrich

28、.rTradehasgenerallymadepoorcountriesevenpoorer.Supposeacountryisthemostefficientproducerofeverygoodthatistraded.TheRicardiantrademodelsuggestswhichofthefollowing?选择一个答案Thiscountrycannotgainfromtrade.-Thiscountrycangainfromtradeonlyifitsgovernmentsubsidizestheproductionofgoodsinwhichitisrelativelyine

29、fficient.hiscountrycangainfromtradeonlyifitsgovernmentsubsidizestheproductionofgoodsinwhichitisrelativelyefficient.Thiscountrycangainfromtradeifitspecializesintheproductionofgoodsinwhichitisrelativelyefficient.ResourcesComparativeAdvantage,andIncomeDistributionThechangeinincomedistributionfromtradea

30、ffectstradepolicybecausemorepeoplelosefromtradethangainfromtrade.thewelfareofthosewholosefromtradeismoreimportantthanthewelfareofthosewhogainfromtrade.thosewholosefromtradewanttopunishthosewhogainfromtrade.thosewholosefromtradearealreadyverypoor.thosewholosefromtradearemorepoliticallyorganizedthatth

31、osewhogainfromtrade.AccordingtotheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,tradecannotmakeacountryasawholeworseoffbecausetheautarkylevelofproductionandconsumptionisstillavailable.roftheassumptionthattariffsincreasethewelfareofbothproducersandconsumers.traderestrictionsincreasewhenimportsincrease.thosewhogainfromtradeca

32、ncompensatethosewholosefromtrade.oftheassumptionthatexportsexceedimports.AgoodislaborintensiveintheHeckscher-Ohlinmodelifitusesmorelaborthanlandinproduction.itusesarelativelylowlandtolaborratioinproductioncomparedtothatofanothergood.itusesmorelandthanlaborinproduction.itusesahighlandtolaborratioinpr

33、oductioncomparedtothatofanothergood.itusesonlylaborinproduction.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweentheHeckscher-OhlinmodelandtheRicardianmodel?UnlikeintheRicardianmodel,endowmentsoffactorsofproductionaffecttradepatternsintheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel.UnlikeintheRicardianmodel,factorsofproductionaremobileacross

34、窘industriesintheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel.UnlikeintheRicardianmodel,tradeisnotassumedtobefreeinthecHeckscher-Ohlinmodel.UnlikeintheRicardianmodel,allfactorsofproductiongainasaresultofrtradeintheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel.UnlikeintheRicardianmodel,factorsofproductionaremobileacrosscountriesintheHeckscher-Ohlinm

35、odel.fclothproductionislaborintensiveandfoodproductionislandintensive,whatwouldbetheresultofadecreaseinthepriceoffoodintheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel?Therealwagewillriseintermsofbothgoods,andtherealincomeoflandownerswillriseintermsofbothgoods.Therealwagewillriseintermsofbothgoods,andtherealincomeoflandowne

36、rswillfallintermsofbothgoods.Therealwagewillfallintermsofbothgoods,andtherealincomeoflandownerswillriseintermsofbothgoods.Therealwagewillriseintermsofbothgoods,andtherealincomeoflandownerswillfallintermsoffoodandriseintermsofcloth.Therealwagewillriseintermsofbothgoods,andtherealincomeoflandownerswil

37、lriseintermsoffoodandfallintermsofcloth.WhatdoestheHeckscher-Ohlinmodelpredictaboutthepatternoftrade?Eachcountryspecializesinproductionofgoodsthatuseitsabundantresourceintensively.Thepatternoftradedependsonculturesbetweencountries.Eachcountrysellsabundantfactorsofproduction.Eachcountryspecializesinp

38、roductionofgoodsthatuseavailabletechnologymostefficiently.Thepatternoftradebetweencountriesdependsonthesizeoftheireconomiesandthedistancebetweenthem.AccordingtotheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,howisincomeredistributedasaresultoftrade?Theownersofabundantfactorsofproductiongain,buttheeffectontheownersofscarcef

39、actorsofproductionisambiguous.Theownersofallfactorsofproductiongain,butunemployedpeoplelose.Incomedistributiondoesnotchangebecauseeachmemberofsocietybenefitsfromtrade.Theownersofscarcefactorsofproductionlose,andtheownersofabundantfactorsofproductiongain.Theownersofabundantfactorsofproductionlose,and

40、theownersofscarcefactorsofproductiongain.therearenon-tradablegoodsthattheHeckscher-Ohlinmodeldoesnotaccountfor.pricesoffactorsofproductionareinconsistentlymeasuredacrossrcountries.pricesofgoodsareinconsistentlymeasuredacrosscountries.ntherearedifferencesintechnologyacrosscountriesthattheHeckscher-Oh

41、linmodelignores.theHeckscher-Ohlinmodelisnotuseful.rTheLeontiefparadoxstatesthat:10.1countriesexportgoodsthatuseavailabletechnologyinefficiently.rTppricesoffactorsofproductionarenotequalizedacrosscountries.countriesdonotengageininternationaltradetotheextentthattheycshould.USexportsarelesscapitalinte

42、nsivethanUSimports.ownersofanabundantfactorofproductiondonotgainfromtrade.TheStandardTradeModelWhichofthefollowingisNOTacommonfeatureoftheRicardian,specificfactors,andHecksher-Ohlinmodels?Factorsofproductionarenotmobileacrosscountries.Equilibriuminworldmarketsoccurswhenrelativesupplymatchesrelatived

43、emand.Differencesinproductioncapacitiesleadtotrade.Pricesoffactorsofproductionequalizeacrosscountries.Theproductivecapacityofaneconomycanberepresentedbytheproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.Termsoftradeisdefinedas:Thetariffsonacountrysimportsdividedbythetariffsimposedbyothercountriesonitsexports.Thepri

44、ceofacountrysimportsdividedbythepriceofitsexports.Thepriceofagoodatwhichcountriesagreetotrade.Thepriceofacountrysexportsdividedbythepriceofitsimports.Thetariffsimposedbyothercountriesonacountrysexportsdividedbythectariffsonacountrysimports.Export-biasedgrowthmakestheeconomyworse。任Import-biasedgrowth

45、makestheeconomyworse。任Alltypesofbiasedgrowthmaketheeconomyworseoff.Import-biasedgrowthmakestheeconomybetter。任Accordingtothestandardtrademodel,ifexport-biasedgrowthoccursinaforeigncountry,thenthecountrythatimportsthegoodwillimportlessofthegood.beworseoff.experienceadecreaseinitstermsoftrade.experienc

46、eimmiserizinggrowthexperienceanincreaseinitstermsoftrade.Whatisthetransferproblem?Negativeeffectsonacountrysproductivecapacitywhenthatcountrytransfersmoneytoothers.Richcountriesdonottransferasufficientamountofmoneytopoorcountries.Thepossibilitythatinternationaltransferscanaffectthetermsoftrade.These

47、vereindebtednessofsomelow-incomecountries.Therelativeworldsupplyofsteelfallsandtherelativeworlddemandofsteelrises.rrrrTherelativeworldsupplyofsteelandtherelativeworlddemandofsteelfall.Therelativeworldsupplyofsteelrisesandtherelativeworlddemandofsteelfalls.Therelativeworldsupplyofsteelremainsconstant

48、andtherelativeworlddemandofsteelfalls.Therelativeworldsupplyofsteelandtherelativeworlddemandofsteelrise.WhatwouldbetheeffectsofanexportsubsidyonpetroleumimposedbyRussia?Therelativeworldsupplyofpetroleumrisesandtherelativeworlddemand(*ofpetroleumfalls.lTherelativeworldsupplyofpetroleumfallsandtherela

49、tiveworlddemandofpetroleumrises.Therelativeworldsupplyofpetroleumandtherelativeworlddemandofrpetroleumfall.Therelativeworldsupplyofpetroleumandtherelativeworlddemandofrpetroleumrise.Theinappropriateapplicationofmoneybytherecipientofatransfer.Therelativeworldsupplyofpetroleumremainsconstantandtherela

50、tiveworlddemandofpetroleumfalls.WhatistheMetzlerparadox?Atariffonimportsorasubsidyonexportscanleadtoadeclineintheinternalpriceofthegood.Export-biasedgrowththatworsensthetermsoftrade.Anexportsubsidycanincreasethetermsoftrade.Atransferrecipientmightbehurtasaresultofthetransferbecauseofadecreaseinthete

51、rmsoftrade.Animporttariffcandecreasethetermsoftrade.Transferswillusuallyimprovetherecipientstermsoftradebecausethemoneyisappliedspecificallytoexportingsectors.countriestendtospendmoreondomestically-producedgoods.donorstendtohaveahighmarginalpropensitytospendonimports.theyarealwaysaccompaniedbyreleva

52、nttraderestrictions.themoneyisappliedspecificallytoimport-competingsectors.rrcrWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Accordingtothestandardtrademodel,theownersofsomefactorsofproductionbenefitfromtradewhileotherslose.Anexportsubsidyworsensthetermsoftrade.Improvementsinthetermsoftradeimproveacountryswelfare.An

53、importtariffworsensthetermsoftrade.TheMetzlerparadoxisnotlikelytooccurinpractice.1chapter6分数：1Whydointernaleconomiesofscaleimplyimperfectcompetition?选择一个答案Patentlawspreventfirmsfromenteringthemarket.Largefirmshavecostadvantagesoversmallfirms.c.Productdifferentiationallowsfirmstochargehighprices.d.Th

54、erearebarrierstoentryduetolargefixedcosts.e.Thisisanobservationbasedonmeasurabledata.2分数：1withinternaleconomiesofInthemonopolisticallycompetitivemodelscale,选择一个答案tradeincreasestheprofitsoffirmsintheindustry.tradeincreasesthevarietyofgoodsavailabletoconsumersintheimportingcountry.vtradedecreasesthepr

55、ofitsoffirmsintheindustry.tradeincreasesthevarietyofgoodsavailabletoconsumersineachcountry.tradeincreasesthevarietyofgoodsavailabletoconsumersintheexportingcountry.分数：1WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutintra-industrytrade?选择一个答案Itresultsfromeconomiesofscale.Itispredictedtooccurinmonopolisticallycompe

56、titiveindustries.Itreflectsthetradeinsimilargoodsbetweencountries.Itdoesnotaffectincomedistributionasmuchasinter-industrytrade.Itresultsfromcomparativeadvantage.分数：1Whatisdumping?选择一个答案Animporttariff.Anexampleofpricediscrimination，一FAnyviolationoftradelaws.Competitionbetweentwomonopolistslocatedintw

57、odifferentcountries.XAnexportsubsidy.分数：1Howcandumpingbeprofitableforamonopoly?选择一个答案Itincreasesrevenuesifexportsalesaremoreprice-responsivethandomesticsales./Itallowsamonopolytoadvertiseitsbrandtoalargermarket.Itcannotbeprofitable,becausethemonopolyisloweringitsprice.vItallowsafirmtosellproductsfro

58、minventories.Itcreatesinternationaltradethroughreciprocaldumping.分数：1WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueregardingexternaleconomiesofscale?选择一个答案Theyoccurwithinanindustry.Countriescanlosefromtradeifexternaleconomiesareimportant.工Theyimplyimperfectcompetition./Historyandaccidentexplaintradepatternsifexternal

59、economiesareimportant.片Theymayexplaincaseswhereacountryexportsgoodsinwhichitdoesnothaveacomparativeadvantage.7分数：1WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonforexternaleconomiesofscale?选择一个答案Specializedsuppliersofintermediategoods.Largefixedcosts.Ageographicconcentrationoffirms.Knowledgespillovers.Labormarketpo

60、oling.Chapter8：TheInstrumentsofTradePolicyThedifferencebetweenaspecifictariffandanadvaloremtariffisthataspecifictariffisappliedbytheimportingcountry,whereasanadvaloremCltariffisappliedbytheexportingcountry.F,aspecifictariffisleviedasafixedchargeforeachunitofanimportedgoodwhereasanadvaloremtariffisle