2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点13-推理判断之推断文章走势-练高考-心中有数（教师版）

1、2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点13 .推理判断之推断文章走势.练高考心中有数1.【山西省怀仁市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末调研】A call came into Jimmy Gillccccs bar. A newly married woman, who had spent the afternoon at his bar, couldnt find her wallet. She didnt care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside.Gillcccc, 4

2、2, didnt like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he determined to find the wallet. He spent hours on videos from suneiHance （监控）cameras, watching the womans every step in the bar. Within minutes, a young man approached the bar, put something in his pocket, and walked off.Gill

3、eece posted a clip （视频片段）on the bars Facebook page to find out who the young man was. Within hours, Gilleece got a text from 17-year-old Rivers Prather, who said hed done it because he hadnt eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet

4、 into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.Gilleece told （he teen to meet him at the docks （码头）.There they talked a lot and Gilleece knew that Prather was from a poor family. Seeing the teenagers small build, Gilleece thought he was more of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring

5、, Prather could be put into prison.Gilleece decided to help the kid. He hired two local divers to search the waters where the wallet had been thrown. More （han an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Gilleece grew worried. And then a diver popped up. In his hand was the wallet, and inside was the

6、ring. When Gilleece called the wallets owner, she burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Prather fbr stealing the ring.1. What did the woman value most in her wallet?A. Her ID.B.Her credit cards.C. Her money.D.What did Prather do after getting the wallet?A. He kept the ring.B.C.

7、 He threw it in a dustbin.D.Why did Gilleece help Prather?A. To teach the child a lesson.B.Her wedding ring.He spent the money in it.He returned it to the owner.To meet the customer ,s demand.C. To save （he forgivable child.D.4. What would happen to Prather next?A. He would be sent to prison.B.C. He

8、 would get a job in GilleeceJs bar.D.【答案】1. D2. B3. C4. BTo win back the reputation of his bar.He would not be accused by the woman.He would live a better life ever after.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了 Jimmy Gilleece的酒吧中一位女士丧失了钱包，钱包里有她最珍视的结 婚戒指。Jimmy Gilleece找到了捡到钱包的年轻人Rivers Praiher,但是Rivers Prather拿了钱包里的钱将钱 包丢进了

9、海里。Gilleece觉得Prather只是个孩子，于是决定帮助他，最终找到了戒指，Pralher也被撤销了 指控。.推理判断题。根据第一段中 She didnt care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside.（她不在乎她的身份证、信用卡或150美元现金但她的结婚戒指在里面）可知那位妇女最珍视钱 包里的结婚戒指。应选D。.细节理解题。根据第三段中 He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the mone

10、y and threw the wallet into the ocean.（他说他看到了戒指，但认为是假的，所以他拿了钱，把钱包扔进了大海）可知Prather 得到钱包后，他把里面的钱花了。应选B。.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 Seeing the teenagers small build, Gilleece thought he was more of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring, Prather could be put into prison.（看至lj这个少年的小个子， Gilleece觉

11、得他更像个孩子，而不是罪犯。然而，因为丧失戒指，Praiher可能会被关进监狱）可知Gilleece 帮助Prather是因为他认为Prather是个可原谅的孩子。应选C。.推理判断题。根据最后一段中 When Gillcccc called the wallets owner, she burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Prather for stealing the ring.（当 Gilleece 打 给钱包的主人时,她哭了 起来，并 立即撤销了对Prather偷戒指的指控）可知接下来Prather不会

12、被那个女人指控。应选B.2.【四川省宜宾市2021届普2021届高三“一诊”】On Monday, about 270 pilot whales got into difficulty on a sandbank at Macquarie Heads, near Strahan on Tasmanias west coast, about 190 kilometres from Hobart. Another 200 of the animals were found early on Wednesday, making it Tasmanias largest recorded brandi

13、ng event. The Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment （DPIPWE） said that about a third had died.Marine biologists arrived in the area to carry out rescue operations. They planned to use specialized equipment such as special tarpaulins to push the whales back into the deep water.

14、 The local police also assisted in the rescue.The whales that were stranded are Pilot Whales, and they are found in almost all the oceans of the world, according to the Marine conservation group. Pilot whales are in fact one of the largest members of the dolphin family, but they are treated as whale

15、s for the Marine Mammals Protection Regulations issued in 1992.They were named pilot whales because it was thought that each pod followed a pilot in the group.Cetacean stranding, commonly known as beaching, is a phenomenon in which whales and dolphins strand themselves on land, usually on a beach. S

16、everal explanations fbr why cetaceans strand （hemselves have been proposed, including changes in water temperatures, unusual features of whales echo location in certain surroundings, and geomagnetic disturbances, but none have so far been universally accepted as a definitive reason for the behavior.

17、In recent years, whale strandings have become more frequent around the world. In November 2018, a dead sperm whale that had washed ashore in eastern Indonesia consumed a horrifying collection of plastic trash, including 115 drinking cups, 25 plastic bags, plastic bottles, two flip-flops and a bag co

18、ntaining more than 1.000 pieces of string. In all, the plastic contents of the whales stomach weighed 13.2 pound （six kilograms）. The bags are black due to a reaction with the creatures stomach acids, according to Thai Whales organization. A person, on average, breathes or swallows at least 74,0（X）

19、microscopic particles of plastic each year.How many whales died according to DPIPWE?A. About 160.B. About 200. C. About 270. D. About 470.What docs the underlined word “stranding mean in Paragraph 1? A. Being put into danger.Being trapped in trouble.Being found in extinction.Being left or driven ash

20、ore.What does the author want （o tell us by the numbers in Paragraph 5? A. Whales mistake plastics for food.Whales need the ability of self-protection.Whales living conditions are worsening.Whales have an excellent digestive system.What will be discussed probably following the last paragraph? A. Pro

21、tective measures for whales.The reasons for whale stranding.Studying whales stomach deeply.Researching the oceans ecosystem.【答案】1. A2. D3. C4. A【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了星期一，大约270头领航鲸在麦格理海兹的沙洲上搁浅了。1.细节理解题。由第一段“On Monday, about 270 pilot whales got into difficulty on a sandbank at Macquarie Heads, near Str

22、ahan on Tasmanias west coast, about 190 kilometres from Hobart. Another 200 of the animals were found early on Wednesday, making it Tasmanias largest recorded stranding event. The Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment （DPIPWE） said that about a third had died.”（星期一，大约 270 头领航鲸

23、在麦格理海兹的沙洲上遇到了麻烦，这里靠近塔斯马尼亚州西海岸的斯特拉汉，距离霍巴特大约 190公里。周三早些时候又发现了 200只这种动物,这是塔斯马尼亚有记录以来最大的鲸搁浅事件。DPIPWE 说，大约三分之一的鲸已经死亡。）可知总共有470头鲸搁浅，三分之一的鲸已经死亡，说明157头鲸死 亡，即大约有160头。应选A项。.词句猜想题。由第二段中的“Marine biologists arrived in the area to carry out rescue operations. They planned to use specialized equipment such as spec

24、ial tarpaulins to push the whales back into the deep waler.（海洋生物学 家抵达该地区展开营救行动。他们计划使用特殊的设备，如特殊的防水布将鲸鱼推回到深水中。）可知海 洋生物学家要把鲸鱼推问到深水中，说明这些鲸他在岸上搁浅了，stranding在此处意为“被留在或者被驱 赶上岸应选D项。.推理判断题。由第五段中的In November 2018, a dead sperm whale that had washed ashore in eastern Indonesia consumed a horrifying collection

25、of plastic trash, including 115 drinking cups, 25 plastic bags, plastic bottles, two flip-flops and a bag containing more than 1,000 pieces of string. In all, the plastic contents of the whales stomach weighed 13.2 pound （six kilograms）. （2018 年 11 月,一头在印尼东部被冲上岸的死抹香鲸 吃掉了一堆骇人听闻的塑料垃圾，包括115个饮水杯、25个塑料袋、

26、塑料瓶、两个人字拖和一个装有1000 多条细绳的袋子。总的来说，鲸鱼胃中的塑料物质重13.2磅（6公斤）。）可知这头鲸鱼吃了很多的塑料垃 圾，作者想通过第五段中的数字告诉我们鲸鱼的生存条件正在恶化。应选C项。.推理判断题。由第五段中的Tn recent years, whale strandings have become more frequent around the world. In November 2018, a dead sperm whale that had washed ashore in eastern Indonesia consumed a horrifying co

27、llection of plastic trash, including 115 drinking cups, 25 plastic bags, plastic bottles, two flip-flops and a bag containing more than 1,000 pieces of string. In all, the plastic contents of the whales stomach weighed 13.2 pound （six kilograms）. The bags arc black due to a reaction with the creatur

28、es stomach acids, according to Thai Whales organization.”（近年来，鲸鱼搁浅在世界各地变得越来越频繁。2018年11月，一头在卬尼东部被 冲上岸的死抹香鲸吃掉了一堆骇人听闻的塑料垃圾，包括115个饮水杯、25个塑料袋、塑料瓶、两个人字 拖和个装有1000多条细绳的袋子。总的来说，鲸鱼胃中的塑料物质重13.2磅（6公斤）。根据泰国鲸鱼 组织的说法，这些袋子是黑色的，这是因为它们与胃酸发生反响。）可知搁浅鲸鱼越来越多，有些还吃了 很多的塑料垃圾，鲸伟.的生存环境不好，导致鲸角死亡，接下来应该谈保护鲸鱼的措施。应选A项。3.【辽宁省辽东南普通高

29、中协作校2021-2022学年高三下学期第次模拟】The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate arc playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the regions most sensitive bird species arc starting to evolve in response to wanning.Birds are

30、 often considered sentinel （口肖兵）species-meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem-so scientists are particularly interested in how theyre responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that m

31、ore than two-thirds of North Americas bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course.For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on （he Amazons resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 ye

32、ars from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average （emperaiure in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2

33、 percent of （heir body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all （he species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings.Because of the studys long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological （形态学的）effects of climate change on

34、 resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipaie more heat f

35、aster （han a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size.Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds?A. They have small body sizes.B. They are sensitive to hot weather.C. They live in an undisturbed rainforest.D. They are ecol

36、ogical balance indicators.What can we learn from the new study?A. A third of species have been extinct for a decade. B. 36 species lost 2%of their body weight every year.C. Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight.D. About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wing

37、s.What does the underlined word dissipate in the last paragraph mean?A. Put off.B. Give off.C. Put away.D. Give away.What would probably the researchers further study?Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool.What effects the wing length changes have on birds.Why the Amazonian birds have los

38、t substantial weight.Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100.【答案】32. D33. D34. B35. B【解析】这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了气候变化对鸟的影响。.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Birds are often considered sentinel （哨兵）species-meaning that they indicate （he overall health of an ecosystem-so scientists are particularly intereste

39、d in how theyre responding to climate change4鸟常被认为是物种的哨兵，指的是它们能暗示生态系统的整体健康，因此科学家关注它们 对气候变化的反响）”可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态系统平衡的暗示者。应选D。.推理判断题。根据第三段“representing 77 non-migratory species”以及while a third grew longer wings.（在 研究的77种不迁移的鸟类中，1/3的鸟长着较长的翅膀户可知，大约26种鸟类长着较长的翅膀来应对气候 变化。应选D。.词句猜想题。根据最后一段smaller birds ma

40、y have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size （较小的鸟可能很快就会凉下来。总体来讲，相对于身体尺寸而 言，较小动物的外表积较大）”可知较小动物的外表积相对于自身整体而言较大，因此散发热量就容易， dissipate的意思是散发,与Give off （散发）的词义一致。应选B。.推理判断题。根据最后段“However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder w

41、hat advantage the wing length changes give the birds,（然而，研究者自己也不确信，对鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么好处感到 困惑）”可知，研究者将进一步研究鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么影响。应选B。4.【2022届吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测（三”IQ is often considered as an important driver of success particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. In fact many people have en

42、dless fascination with the IQ scores of famous people. But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on qualities such as creativity, imagination, curiosity and empathy （同感）.Many of these charactcristcs arc rooted in what scientists call cognitive （认知的）

43、flexibility”a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. Cognitive flexibility provides us with the ability to see that what we are doing is not leading to success and to make the appropriate changes to achieve

44、 it.Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns （疫情封锁）which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some of us found it easier than others to adapt our routines to do many activities from home. Such flexible people may also have changed these routi

45、nes from time to time trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggled and ultimately became more rigid in their thinking.Flexible thinking is key (o creativity. It also supports academic and work skills such as problem solving. For example, visual arti

46、sts may be of average intelligence but highly creative and have produced masterpieces. Creativity is also important in science and innovation. We have discovered (hat successful businessmen who have created multiple companies are more cognitively flexible than managers of a similar age and IQ.Cognit

47、ive flexibility is also associated with high recovery from negative life events as well as higher quality of life in older individuals. It can even be beneficial in emotional and social cognition: studies have shown that cognitive flexibility has a strong link to the ability to understand the emotio

48、ns, thoughts and intentions of others.Ncuroimaging studies have shown that cognitive flexibility is dependent on a network of frontal brain regions. There are a number of ways to objectively assess peoples cognitive flexibility including (he Wisconsin Card Sorting test and the CANTAB Set Shift Task.

49、 And the good news is that it seems that you can train cognitive flexibility.What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A. Creativity is the only source of peoples success.A drivers achievement is not determined by IQ.The IQ of famous people is inysterious.IQ may not be the key factor in humans achievements

50、.Which might NOT be an example of cognitive flexibility during pandemic lockdowns?A. Organizing online meetings.B. Taking up indoor workout.C. Joining in group hiking.D. Learning to bake al home.Which belongs to the consequences of cognitive flexibility?Flexible people tend to stick to their routine

51、s.People have a better understanding of others feelings.Businessmen are more likely to succeed than visual artists.D. Older individuals arc able to avoid misfortunes in life.What would the following paragraph talk about?The ways to develop cognitive flexibility.The application of cognitive flexibili

52、ty.The Wisconsin Card Sorting test.The importance of training cognitive flexibility.【答案】32. D33. C34. B35. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出人类一些最伟大的成就主要依赖于创造力、想象力、好奇心和同理 心等品质，这些品质大多植根于科学家们所说的“认知灵活性”这是一种使我们能够在不同的概念之间 转换，或在一个新的或不断变化的环境中调整行为以实现目标的技能。文章说明了认知灵活性的重要性以 及带给人们的影响。.推理判断题。根据第一段“IQ is often considered as an important driver of success particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. In fact many people have endless fascination with the IQ scores of famous people. But the truth is that some of the grea