高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars讲义 新人教版必修科目

1、Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars语言点用法过关1. harmful adj.有害的教材原句What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water al-lowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。语境应用单句填空As we all know, a bad

2、eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health.As far as Im concerned, there is no harm (harmful) in making an apology to him first.一句多译那时我意识到浪费时间玩电脑游戏对我的学习和健康是有害的。(2015重庆写作一)Then I realized that wasting time in playing computer gameswas harmful to my study and healthdid harm to my study and healthwa

3、s bad for my study and health用法点拨(1)be harmful to.对有害(2)harm n. & vt.伤害;损害do harm to sb.=do sb. harm对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有坏处(3)harmless adj. 无害的2. exist vi.存在;生存教材原句They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它们也下蛋,并且在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。语境应用单句填空Even thou

4、gh he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind. The old lady became seriously ill last week;she has only existed on milk ever since. There exists (exist)a good way to solve the problem at present.完成句子Scientists have many theories about how the universe came into existence .关于宇宙是如何产生的,

5、科学家们有多种学说。用法点拨(1)exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生There exists/existed.某地有(2)existence n.存在;生存in existence 存在come into existence 产生;开始存在点津exist是不及物动词,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。3. puzzle v.使迷惑;使为难;使困惑 n.谜;难题教材原句How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决

6、的最大疑惑之一。语境应用单句填空The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident happened.Ive been trying to puzzle out why shes so upset.Tom seemed puzzled (puzzle)about what the question meant.单句改错Her puzzling look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said. puzzlingpuzzled 用法点拨(1)puzzle over

7、/about sth.苦苦思索puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案(2)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人或人的表情)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)1. in time 及时;终于;迟早;最后教材原句 They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earths atmosphere. 它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。语境应用写出下列各句中in

8、time的含义Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.及时Youll succeed in time because you are always working hard.迟早Working hard made him successful in time.最后句型转换The activity is so meaningful that we will never forget it. The activity is so meaningful that at no time will we forget it. (用at no time

9、改写)用法点拨in no time立刻;马上at no time决不(放在句首时,句子用部分倒装)at a time每次;依次at one time曾经;一度at the same time同时from time to time有时;偶尔take ones time别着急;慢慢来kill time消磨时间2. in ones turn轮到某人教材原句Thus they have,in their turn,become the most important animals on the planet.于是,轮到它们成为这个行星上最重要的动物。语境应用单句填空People try to avoi

10、d public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates more problems.I think its my turn to drive (drive) the kids to school this week.It turned out that this young man was lazier than the old mans son.写作微练 When it was my turn, I was too excited to speak . 当轮到我时,我激动得都说不出话来了

11、。用法点拨in turn 依次;轮流;转而;相应地by turns 轮流地;交替地take turns to do/(in)doing sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了It turns/turned out that.结果3. cheer up(使)高兴;(使)振奋;感到高兴;感到振奋教材原句I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the mo

12、on larger.我立刻感到很高兴,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越小,而(前方的)月球越来越大。语境应用单句填空Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by awarm welcome.They do this in order to encourage the crowds to cheer their sports team on . 单句改错When Im feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer up. cheer后加

13、 me用法点拨(1)cheer sb. up使某人振作起来cheer sb. on为某人加油(2)Cheers!口语(用于祝酒)干杯!(3)cheering adj.鼓舞人心的cheering news鼓舞人心的消息4. now that既然教材原句“Oh dear,”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天哪,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”语境应用完成句子 Now that/Since you have got the chance (既然你得到了这

14、个机会), you had better make full use of it.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet (因为地面是湿的). 写作微练既然我们制订了计划,我们就应该坚持执行。(2016浙江书面表达) Now that/Since we have made a plan, we should stick to it. 用法点拨now that与since同义,语气较弱,指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因,侧重主句because语气最强,一般指事情发生的直接原因,常用来回答why的提问as语气比because弱,

15、所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由for并列连词,连接两个并列分句,说明前一个分句的原因1. 倍数+as.as.教材原句 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。语境应用单句填空This book is twice thicker (thick)than that one.The worlds population has grown to mo

16、re than six times what it was in 1800.一句多译最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。A planet discovered recently is almost three times as large as the earth.A planet discovered recently is almost three times bigger than the earth.A planet discovered recently is almost three times the size of the earth.用法点拨twice as far as是

17、倍数的表示方法,意为“是的两倍远”。联想常见的倍数表达法:.倍数+as+adj./adv.+as.倍数+比较级+than.倍数+the+size/weight/length.+of.倍数+what从句2. make it+adj./n.+to do sth.教材原句 This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应,使生命的发展成为可能。语境应用单句改错The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants grow. plants后加to The girl knows three foreign languages, which makes its easier for her to find a good job. itsit 一句多译精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively . Mastering the