中美家庭教育价值观差异的研究分析 工商管理专业

1、AcknowledgementsThanks for giving me this chance to achieve this paper and to make the conclusion for my four years education. Through writing this paper, I have gained more knowledge than I supposed.My sincere thanks are due to my supervisor, Ms. Yue Geni for helping me to clarify my thought and sh

2、arpen my thinking.Here, I also want to give my thanks to other teachers and my classmates who gave me much help. Thank you!摘 要 HYPERLINK javascript:; 家庭教育相比学校教育和社会教育来说是最基本的教育，对于个人的成长及社会教育的发展方向扮演这不可替换的角色。 HYPERLINK javascript:; 在特定历史、经济、文化以及意识形态等因素的影响下，不同国家的家庭教育表现出不同的特点，其中文化对于家庭教育的影响深远。 HYPERLINK jav

3、ascript:; 本文着重比较中国和美国家庭教育方式的差异，将中国传统的儒家文化和美国的清教思想对于中美家庭教育价值观形成的影响进行分析。 HYPERLINK javascript:; 因此在发现特点，探究差异的基础上，发扬中国传统家庭教育思想，汲取美国先进的家庭教育理念，为社会培养更多的人才。关键词:家庭教育；教育目的；教育方式；家庭教育价值观AbstractCompared with school and social education, family education is the most basic one which plays an irreplaceable role i

4、n individual growth and the outlook of social education. Under the influence of specific history, economy, culture and ideology, different countries have different features, cultures has a far-reaching influence. HYPERLINK javascript:; Focusing on the differences between Chinese and America family e

5、ducation, this thesis will look into the essence in both Chinese Confucianism and American Puritanism and then analysis their influences on cultivating values of family education in both countries. Therefore, on the basis of discovering features and discussing differences, the thesis will carry forw

6、ard the traditional ideas of family education in China and absord advanced ideas of that in America, cultivating more talents for the society.Key Words: family education; education aims; education mode; family education valuesContents TOC o 1-3 h z u1. Introduction 12. Literature Review 12.1 Review

7、of the family education studies in America 12.2 Review of the family education studies in China 23. Differential Embodiment in Family Education 33.1 Differences in the Purpose of Family Education 33.1.1 Success in Prosperity in China 33.1.2 Independence in Society in America 43.2 Differences in the

8、Mode of Family Education 43.2.1 Indoctrinization and Closed Education in China 53.2.2 Independent Exploration and Open in America 54 The Reasons for the Differences of Family Education Values Between China and America 64.1 Differences in the Position of Family Members 64.1.1 Filial Piety and Fratern

9、al Duty in Confucianism 64.1.2 Individualism and Hard Working in Puritanism 74.2 Differences in Evaluation Criterion 94.2.1 Ethic and Collective Interests in China 94.2.2 Value and Personal Interests in America 105. Conclusion 11Bibliography 12Study on the Differences of Family Education Values Betw

10、een China and AmericaBased on Comparative Study of Confucianism and Puritanism1. Introduction“Children are the hope of their parents and nation. Family education not only serves as an important part of education but also the first lesson to a child, which will be remembered forever.” (Zhao 1). Famil

11、y education has a direct influence on the qualities of talents. In the 21st century, international competition is becoming fiercer. And it is a competition for talents fundamentally. Thus, each country should pay more attention to family education in the education projects. The issue has also become

12、 a hot topic in our country, and it aroused great concern of our government and all walks of society, in particular the education sector. However, many people think that schools and universities have the main responsibility for these problems which appeared in education in recent years. Schools and

13、universities are to be blamed, but their parents are more to be blamed. “If the love of the good, the beauty and the truth had been implanted properly in their mind in early years, if they had been trained to use their minds at the very beginning, they would not live so foolishly.” (Karl 5). In orde

14、r to find a better way to educate our children, we should study other countries experience. There are many types of family education in the world, and American family education is the most famous one. So it is necessary and significant to make a comparison of the differences of family education betw

15、een America and China. This thesis is to compare Chinese family education and American family education superficially, Research the influences of cultural differences om the formation of family education values, which may offer some lessons to Chines family education.2. Literature ReviewDue to the s

16、ignificance of family education, no matter in China or America, from foretime to modern times, much research has been done. The following section will introduce family education both America and China.2.1 Review of the family education studies in AmericaForeign family education thoughts have a long

17、history. The founding of contemporary pedagogy and psychology has strongly advanced the research on family education theory for every country, such as famous American philosopher, educator Locke (1693) published in 17th century Some Thoughts Concerning Education. The book emphasizes the virtues, as

18、“justice as respect for the others, civility, truthfulness, and willingness to question prejudice, authority and the biases of ones own self-interest” that represent the qualities needed for citizens in a liberal society (Tarcov and Grant 33). Lockes core thought is gentleman education. His notions

19、mainly are: gentleman education is cultivating all-round development of people; moral integrity is the foremost standard; parents must be the models of virtue; shape childrens good personality from their childhood; develop childrens strong character; make them possess elegant manners. Lockes practic

20、es on gentleman education are: when the children gets on with peers, teach them master tolerance and generosity; help children defeat indulgent desire; not allow children abuse small animals; foster childrens sense of honor and disgrace; foster childrens fine etiquette customs. Well-known American i

21、nitiation thinker Rousseau (1762) published Emile, a monograph on family education. In this book, Rousseau stressed that education should be natural, follow childrens nature, accord with the age features of children. His core thought is natural education. This refers to obeying natural eternal law,

22、leave physical and mental development free, which means life and practice. He advocates object teaching and audio-visual instruction for childrens learning. He supports educating children through labor education, freedom, equality, and humanity education. In these ways children can obtain the abilit

23、y to earn their living, and can arrange their freedom.2.2 Review of the family education studies in ChinaChina is a country with 500 years of civilization, which has abundant cultural heritage. Among them there are numerous indoctrination family education theories. Since the Wei Jin Southern and Nor

24、thern Dynasties, our country has had a series of works on family education. The Northern Qi Dynasty thinker, litterateur Yan Zhitui did research on this and wrote Admonitions for the Yan Clan which was an education monograph. The writer combines his own life experience with his philosophy of life，an

25、d completed Admonitions for the Yan Clan to caution his off springs. His book is the first instruction in Chinese history which is rich in content, grand in system. The content of Admonitions for the Yan Clan is abundant, but chiefly adopts traditional Confucianism to instruct children, and explores

26、 how to cultivate childrens moral character, manage a household, conduct oneself in society, how to study, and so on. Among these thoughts, many are still significant for people today, for instance, he supports study, opposes having neither knowledge nor skills. Since then on, other series of family

27、 education books appear. Sima Guang, the famous official and historian of Song Dynasty, wrote Instructions of Wen Family. Simas book is the important textbook on family education in feudal society. He states comprehensively in his book that the feudal family ethics, methods on managing the household

28、, childrens physical and mental training and the way of communicating with others. Sima quotes Confucius and other eminent peoples ideas in such respects as: the father is affectionate and the son is dutiful, brothers love and respect each other, the husband is kind and the wife soft, which are rega

29、rded as unalterable principles, Meanwhile he stresses that the importance of courtesy which must be taken at the foremost position while managing a household. Admonitions for the Yan Clan and Instructions of Wen Family indicate that our ancient family education starts to transfer from description to

30、 probing internal laws. They were the milestones of our family education theory study.3. Differential Embodiment in Family EducationAt first there is an essential difference in the aim and mode of family education in China and the United States. HYPERLINK javascript:; Chinese parents always hope the

31、ir children to be in good times, they do not want their children to suffer setbacks and difficulties too much, In china, family education and school education are basically the same, as they tell the children what is right or wrong, rather than let the children find out what is right and what is wro

32、ng; On the contrary, American family education more inclined to open education, so being independent of society is fundamental for their education.3.1 Differences in the Purpose of Family EducationIn educational purposes, Chinese family education tends to make children succeed in prosperity，American

33、 family want their children to be independent in society early. The following part will unfold these two differences with more details.3.1.1 Success in Prosperity in ChinaIn view of Chinese family education compared with American, Chinese parents have a very different concept of childrens education.

34、 Some parents in China only care about whether the children have a promising future, a good job and a good life. Based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not w

35、orry about anything in the future. Besides, Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of their growth. In short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. In the process of childrens growth, the mos

36、t important thing the parents concern is to develop their childrens intellect, Apart from caring childrens daily life. In order to make their children have a good performance in study, become an outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except

37、 studying. However, the childrens independence, civic awareness and their ability adapting to the society they show no interest to. From these aspects we can find the obvious differences of family education between America and China.Back to the ancient times, that Menciuss mother removes three times

38、 for her sons growth serves as a remarkable example for this sort of education. Besides, ZhaoQi, a scholar in Han dynasty, wrote in his Mengzi Inscription that Mengzi got aptitude for learning and was taught by his mother who remove for three time for his sake, which also goes in three character pri

39、mer“昔孟母，择邻处”to indicate that a mother will spare no effort, like removing for several times, for creating a sound education environment. As is well known, removing ones residence in China is as a big event as getting married. So it is obvious that improving environment for childrens education comes

40、first to Chinese parents, who seek to create a favorable circumstance for the next generation. In this way, family education can lay a solid foundation for future success.3.1.2 Independence in Society in AmericaCompared with Chinese family education, American parents aims are to train their children

41、 to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently. Based on this concept, most American parents emphasize more to train their childrens ability of independence once they are born. They generally believe that childrens growth must rely on their own expe

42、riences, because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood. And the capacity comes from the training in the early age. Which contains many aspects, such as work, temper will, patience, the spirits of hard work, etc. Howev

43、er, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. Through the process of work, children will form the labor sense, learn some work skills and form a habit of labor. Besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents

44、and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrifty by working in hard conditions. It is just in this unconsciously process that children will obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society.3.2 Differences in the Mode of Family EducationSim

45、ply, American family education is characterized by free innovation thinking and open exploration. The characteristic of Chinese family education is obedience, which is the same as school education3.2.1 Indoctrinization and Closed Education in ChinaThe education content of America is richer and more

46、scientific than that of China, narrow and less scientific, focusing on the mode of cramming education. What are being ignored in Chinese education are such abilities as the operational ability, coordinate ability, living ability, labor ability, working ability and so on. While the American emphasize

47、 in their society these kinds of ability which are regarded as footing for a social man. Whats worse, Chinese education not only ignore these practical ability but also the potential, which falls into learning ability and creative ability. Although some Chinese parents value the acquirement of knowl

48、edge in some way, they in fact show much interest in the knowledge of lower level which is merely aimed at passing exams but not to create social force for the future. Besides, some Chinese parents will teach their children by expounding something mechanically rather than by personal example as well

49、 as verbal instruction. They wont bother to give their children the reason for deeds but infuse them with worldly answers. Worse still, those parents will resort to violence in the process of education, which may cause a lot of consequences. When class is over, children are mostly asked with such qu

50、estions as have you learned something today?, what score you have got, thus reflecting a phenomenon that parents from China and America differ in their understanding toward education. And Chinese parents hold that housework is exclusively for adults and that children are supposed to obey domestic ru

51、les and comply with parents wish. As former president Nixon once said, In china, those younger generations are taught to be tamed by the educational system in which children should be obedient to parents words and not to keep their own thinking or behave in an excessive way like Einstein. Thereupon,

52、 what they created are the talents of valuing the current situation but not the Chinese Darwin nor Einstein. In a Chinese family, patriarch must be the authority, which makes the generation gap happen. Not only our parents adopt the cramming way in family education also the school education follow i

53、t judging ones ability by scores. Needless to say, this kind of method will get things harder in the process of childrens education.3.2.2 Independent Exploration and Open in AmericaSeeking to cultivate an independent man adapting to different environment, the American parents attach much importance

54、to their lifelong practice by using various approaches, that is, in America, parents attempt to create a environment for self trainning. For instance, little baby is kept sleeping without parents company in midnight; little child is required to get up when he tumbles; children of all ages will be as

55、ked to wash dishes, sweep the floor, wash clothes and so on. All these ways are good for cultivating their own independence in spite of the family background, rich or poor. Gradually, the concept of laboring will root deep in childrens minds and the ability of living independently will be acquired.

56、Also, this kind of education will make them suffer in their own work and finally teach them to value every penny their parents have earned, thus forming a habit of frugality.4 The Reasons for the Differences of Family Education Values Between China and AmericaThere are various reasons for the family

57、 education differences in China and America. Generally speaking, all the reasons can be boiled down to the confines of culture. Specifically speaking, there are mainly two reasons: family member status reasons and value judgments standards reasons.4.1 Differences in the Position of Family MembersIn

58、China, family relationships and family members ethical relations are the focus in the values of Chinese family education, In China, which include filial piety, husband-sing-wife-accompany and seniorityorder. These three cardinal guides, as Chinese ethical guidelines, have been ingrained in each chil

59、d for the core idea of family education. So, they are derived from marriage, education and so on. Americans are influenced by European traditional religions, especially Puritanism. There are no three or four generations of the family model, nor the Chinese filial piety conscisess. Instead their fami

60、ly values emphasize equality, independence and rights.4.1.1 Filial Piety and Fraternal Duty in ConfucianismFamily is the cell of society as well as the primary environment of childs growth. And family education is for long a significant part of education, with its function being more remarkable in a