非限定性定语从句引导词的构成

1、非限定性定语从句引导词的构成.直接以who, whom, whose, which, when, where 等引导. *Here is a letter from Tom, _wants to spend his holidays in China. *Father came back on July16, _was my birthday. *Father came back on July16, _I was not at home. *The beautiful village, _we spent our holidays last week, lies at the foot of

2、 a mountain. *The book, _cover is blue, is well worth reading. *The book, -_I bought last week, is very interesting.名词（代词）+of which(whom)引导. *这种结构在定语从句中作定语，相似于“whose+名词”. *He lives in that house, the window of which (=_window) faces the south. *her parents, both of whom work in the south, ring her u

3、p every Saturday.不定代词、数词、或形容词最高级+of which(whom)引导。 这种结构通常在从句中作主语，表示整体中的一部分。其中常用的不定代词有：all, none, both, neither, some, many, any, most 等；数词可用基数词、序数词、分数和百分数词。 *There are a lot of students here, none of whom likes the film. *He lent me some books, five of _were boring. *There are two thousand students

4、in our school, forty-five percent _ are girls.*China has thousands of islands, the largest of _ is Taiwan.介词+形容词性关系代词which引导. 这种结构中，作前置定语，修饰后面的名词。 *It rained all day and all night, during _ time, the ship broke into pieces. *He visited America and Canada, _ which counties, he had a good time.介词+whic

5、h (whom)引导 这种结构在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式等状语。Ill never forget May 4,1998, on which I joined the League.He decided to look for a hotel, _ he could stay at night.The watch, _which he spent $100, is made in Hong Kong.The West Lake, _which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.There is a tall tree outside, _wh

6、ich stand some boys.The boy, _whom I discussed the problem just now, is Marys brother. IV. 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last

7、 month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very

8、 touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。4) Which 和 as 作关系代词引导非限制定语从句，其先行项是主句或主句的谓体部分的情况。 WhichThey say he plays truan

9、ts, which he doesnt.Things then improved, which surprises me.The plane may be several hours late, in which case theres no point on our waiting.She has married again, which was unexpected.注意：Which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。asAs作关系代词引导的从句可以置于先行项-即它所依附的主句-之前，之后，或其间主语之后，用逗号隔开。译作“正如。”，表示同主句一致的真实性，从句常是以下形式：As ev

10、erybody knows, As is known to all,As you may remember As you sayAs I can see As I have saidAs Im told As you may have heardAs is said above As is mentioned aboveAs is reported in the newspaper, As has been pointed out,定语从句既是NMET命题的热点，又是中学英语教学中的重点和难点。其中有些句子是有关定语从句的，但也有些句子貌似定语从句而实际上是其它句型、句式，有的即使是定语从句却

11、也截然不同。现将这些句子集中在一起进行对比并作简析，请同学们一定掌握。1（1）There are two boys in Peters，both of whom are white （2）There are two boys in Peters，and both of them are white 析：句（1）是含有定语从句的复合句。句（2）因为有并列连词and所以是并列句。 2（1）This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet （2）This kind of plant grows best wher

12、e it is warm and wet 析：句（1）是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词places，这时的 where也可以由at which代替。句（2）是由连接副词where引导的地点状语从句，这时的where不可以由介词which代替。 3（1）John is one of the students who know English （2）John is the only one of the students who knows English （3）One of the students knows English 析：句（1）、（2）都是定语从句，在the（only

13、）one of复数名词定语从句结构中，先行词是one，而不是复数名词，故定语从句谓语动词用单数，但有one of复数名词定语从句句型中，先行词是复数名词，故定语从句谓语动词用复数。句（3）不属于定语从句的范畴，只是一个简单的主谓一致关系。句中的主语是one，故谓语动词用单数。 4（1）Here is such a heavy stone as I cant move （2）Here is such a heavy stone that I cant move it 析：句（1）是定语从句，先行词前有 such修饰时用as引导，as在定语从句中作move的宾语。句（2）是suchthat引导的结

14、果状语从句。 5（1）As is known to us all，the light on the earth is given by the sun （2）It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun 析：句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，这时的定语从句的位置很灵活，可以位于句首，句末或插在句中。as代替整个主句，在定语从句中充当主语。句（2）是含有主语从句的复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 6（1）The sun is bigger than the moon， as

15、 we all know （2）The sun is bigger than the moon，and we all know it析：句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代替整个主句，在定语从句中作know的宾语。句（2）是由and连接的并列句。 7（1）Was it October 1，1949 when the Peoples Republic of China was founded？ （2）Was it on October 1，1949 that the Peoples Republic of China was founded？ 析：句（1）是由关系副词when引导的定语

16、从句，从句的when也可以由on which代替。句（2）是强调句型，强调句中时间状语on October 1，1949特别要注意句（2）中October之前的on。 8（1）Ill never forget the days thatwhich I spent with him （2）Ill never forget the day when I was born 析：句（1）、（2）都是定语从句，但句（1）中先行词days在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故定语从句由关系代词that which引导，也可省略。句（2）中先行词day在定语从句中作时间状语，故定语从句可由关系副词when或on

17、 which引导。 9（1）He failed in the exam again，as was expected （2）He failed in the exam again，which was not what he had expected （3）He failed in the exam again，which made his parents angry 析：这三个句子都是非限定性定语从句，只是引导词不一样，而且as，which决不能互换。句中的as和which都是用来代替主句，而不是某个先行词。as可以放在句首，有正如之意，which不能放在句首，无正如之意。且定语从句是否定句时，

18、用which而不用as。 10（1）I believed the man who I thought was honest （2）I believed the man whom I thought to be honest 析：句（1）who作定语从句的主语，故用主格，句（2）whom作thought的宾语，故用宾格。 11（1）On may 5 we reached Beijing， where we stayed for a week （2）On may 5 we reached Beijing， and we stayed for a week there 析：句（1）属于由where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Beijing在定语从句中作地点状语。句（2）则是由and连接的并列句，there在句中作状语。12（1）Give me the reason why you are late （2）The reason that he gave us was unacceptable 析：句（1）是why引导的定语从句，相当于for which。句（2）是that引导的定语从句，that在定语从句中作gave的宾语。 13（1）The