2021届上海市黄浦区高三英语二模概要写作指导学案

1、2021黄浦二模 How the smartphone affected teens智能手机如何影响青少年Some parents might worry about their teens spending so much time on their phones because it represents a complete departure from how they spent their own adolescence. But spending this much time on screens is not just differentin many ways, its ac

2、tually worse.一些父母可能会担心他们的青少年在手机上花费太多时间，因为这与他们度过青春期的方式完全背道而驰。 但是在屏幕上花费这么多时间不仅仅是不同的在很多方面，它实际上更糟。 Spending less time with friends means less time to develop social skills. A 2014 study found that sixth graders who spent just five days at a camp without using screens ended the time better at reading emo

3、tions on others faces, suggesting that teens screen-filled lives might cause their social skills to decline.花更少的时间与朋友在一起意味着更少的时间来发展社交技能。 2014 年的一项研究发现，在营地中只呆了五天而不使用屏幕的六年级学生在结束这段时间时更善于解读他人脸上的情绪，这表明青少年充斥着屏幕的生活可能会导致他们的社交技能下降。 In addition, teens using smartphones read books, magazines and newspapers muc

4、h less than previous generations did as teens: In the annual Monitoring the Future survey, the percentage of high school seniors who read a non-required book or magazine nearly every day dropped from 60 percent in 1980 to only 16 percent in 2015. College teachers tell me that students have more trou

5、ble reading longer text passages, and rarely read the required textbooks. 此外，使用智能手机的青少年阅读书籍、杂志和报纸的次数远少于前几代青少年：在年度监测未来调查中，几乎每天阅读非必需书籍或杂志的高中生比例从 60从 1980 年的百分比上升到 2015 年的 16%。大学老师告诉我，学生在阅读较长的文本段落时遇到更多困难，而且很少阅读所需的教科书。 This isnt to say that teens who use smartphones dont have a lot going for them. They

6、are physically safer and more tolerant than previous generations were. They also seem to have more realistic expectations than their parents did at the same age. But the smartphone threatens to disturb them before they even get started.这并不是说使用智能手机的青少年对他们没有什么好处。 与前几代人相比，他们在身体上更安全、更宽容。 他们似乎也比同龄的父母有更现实

7、的期望。 但智能手机威胁着在他们开始之前打扰他们。 To be clear, moderate smartphone useup to an hour a dayis not linked to mental health issues. However, most teens are on their phones much more than that.需要明确的是，适度使用智能手机（每天最多一小时）与心理健康问题无关。 然而，大多数青少年使用手机的时间远不止这些。 Somewhat to my surprise, the teens I interviewed said they wou

8、ld rather see their friends in person than communicate with them using their phones. Parents used to worry about their teens spending too much time with their friendsthey were a distraction, a bad influence, a waste of time. But it might be just what teens need.令我惊讶的是，我采访的青少年表示，他们宁愿亲自见朋友，也不愿使用手机与他们交

9、流。 父母过去常常担心他们的青少年花太多时间和朋友在一起他们会分心、产生不良影响、浪费时间。 但这可能正是青少年所需要的。 【参考答案】 Teens spending too much time on smartphones affected their development and caused parents worry. Studies found using smartphones might prevent teens developing social skills and reading abilities. But teens using smartphones proper

10、ly are physically safer, more tolerant and realistic, and moderate smartphone use has no connection with mental health problems. Actually, teens prefer face-to-face communication with their friends. (58 words) 青少年在智能手机上花费太多时间影响了他们的发展并引起了父母的担忧。 研究发现，使用智能手机可能会阻碍青少年发展社交技能和阅读能力。 但是，正确使用智能手机的青少年在身体上更安全、更

11、宽容、更现实，适度使用智能手机与心理健康问题无关。 实际上，青少年更喜欢与朋友面对面交流。 (58 字) 概要写作的写作步骤第一步：阅读A. 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。C. 简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握

12、材料的原意。D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was

13、very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holiday

14、s with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, pa

15、id holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read dur

16、ing the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its n

17、ot good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. Sh

18、e wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested Paul that he should eat