中考英语复习专题：动词和动词短语-(共127张)课件

1、语法专题突破 动词和动词短语语法专题突破 命题点1 动词语境辨析命题点2 动词填空命题点3 动词短语命题点1 动词语境辨析命题点2 动词填空命题点3 考向一 实义动词（8年13考） 实义动词表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。实义动词辨析是衡阳中考考查重点。 中考常考动词列举：A： answer回答 agree同意；赞成 achieve达到；完成 appear出现 argue争吵 avoid避免考向一 实义动词（8年13考） 实义动词表示动作或状B： become成为；变成 begin开始 blow吹；刮风 borrow借（入） bring带来 burn烧毁C：call打电话 cancel取消

2、 care关心 carry 拿；携带 catch捉住；抓住 celebrate庆祝；庆贺B： become成为；变成 begin开始 climb爬，攀登 come来 compare比较 continue持续 cost花费 cross横过；越过D：deal处理 decide决定 depend决定 develop成长，发展 do做 drink喝E：eat吃 encourage鼓励 climb爬，攀登 come end结束 enjoy享受 explain解释；说明 express表达；表露F：fall跌倒；掉落 find发现 follow遵循；跟随G： get获得；到达 give提供；给 guess

3、猜测；估计H：happen发生 hear听 end结束 L：last持续 laugh笑；发笑 leave离开 lead领导 live居住；生活 like喜欢M：make使成为；制造 mean意思是 mind介意；关心 miss怀念；思念 mix混合 move移动L：last持续 laugh笑 help帮助；援助 hold拥有；抓住 hope希望 hurry匆忙；赶快I：imagine想象；设想 influence影响 invent发明；创造K：keep保存；保持 kill杀死；弄死 kick踢；踹；踢（腿） knock敲；击 know知道；了解 help帮助；援助 hold拥有；抓 prais

4、e表扬；赞扬 produce生产，制造 provide提供，给予 put放R：return归还；返回 refuse拒绝 read读 relax放松 realize理解；领会 run跑 raise募集；征集 praise表扬；赞扬N：need需要 nod点头 notice注意到；意识到O：offer主动提出 open开；打开 order点菜；命令P：pass给；递 plan计划 play参加；玩耍 pollute污染 practice练习N：need需要 nod点头 smile笑；微笑 stand站立 stop停止T：take拿；取 talk谈话 teach教 touch触摸 trust相信；信

5、任 turn转动；转变U：understand理解，懂 unite统一；联合，团结 use用，使用 smile笑；微笑 stand regret感到遗憾 remain保持不变 recycle回收利用 reduce减少；减轻S：save救；救助 seem好像；似乎 send邮寄；发送 shake摇动，抖动 share分享 show给看；展示 regret感到遗憾【现学现用】The grades of PE in our schools grading system will be increased to _ 70 points in order to students physical qua

6、lity. A. promiseB. improveC. keep2. For our own safety, its important to _ the traffic rules on the way to school.A. followB. changeC. breakBA【现学现用】BAV：value重视；珍视 visit拜访；参观W：wait等待；等候 wake弄醒 walk行走 work工作 worry担心，担忧 write写作；写字更多动词见32K字词句篇记背手册V：value重视；珍视 visit拜访；参观5. If you always _（比较）yourself wit

7、h others, you may have tons of pressure.6. Some students dont _(意识到)the importance of study until they leave school.7. Father wont _（允许）us to touch anything in his room when he is away. He thinks that we may break something up. comparerealizeallow5. If you always _（比较）y3. Can you help me _ those exe

8、rcise books? I got a different number each time. A. carry B. move C. count4. You must be more careful and _（避 免）the same mistakes youve ever made.Cavoid3. Can you help me _ those ex考向二 近义动词（2012.39，2011.36） 分析衡阳近8年中考真题可知，近义动词辨析在完形填空中考查过2次，分别为：说（say, tell与speak）、花费（take， cost与spend）。初中常见的近义动词辨析如下：考向二

9、 近义动词（2012.39，2011.36） 8. I heard the manager _（提供） George a good job, but he refused it.9. She _（讨厌）the smell of sticky tofu. She cant understand why some people like eating it. offerhates8. I heard the manager _（提四个“花费”spend主语为人，表示花费时间或金钱，常用于sb. spend.on/(in) doing sth.cost主语为物，表示某物花费多少钱take常用于固定句

10、型“It takes一段时间to do sth.”， 表示花费一段时间做某事pay主语为人，与介词for连用四个spend主语为人，表示花费时间或金钱，常用于sb. s四个“说”speak作及物动词时后常接表示语言的名词或表示“说，讲述”say强调说的内容talk不及物动词，其后常跟介词to和with，意为“同谈话”tell告诉。常与a story/stories连用，意为“讲故事”四个speak作及物动词时后常接表示语言的名词或表示“说，讲五个“拿”bring带来，拿来。表示拿到靠近说话人的地方take拿走，带走。表示拿到远离说话人的地方carry扛、搬、用力移动，没有方向fetch/get

11、去取，去拿。表示往返拿东西五个bring带来，拿来。表示拿到靠近说话人的地方take拿四个“看”watch强调“聚精会神地看；注视”。watch TV /movies看电视 /电影look强调“看”的动作，是不及物动词，后面需加介词at才能跟宾语see强调“看”的结果read强调“读”。read newspapers /books看报纸/书四个watch强调“聚精会神地看；注视”。watch TV 三个“到达”getget to地点名词reach及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词arrivein大地点；at小地点三个getget to地点名词reach及物动词，后面直接三个“借”borrow非延续性

12、动词，表示主语借入，常用搭配borrow sth. from sb.lend非延续性动词，表示主语借出，常用搭配lend sth. to sb.keep延续性动词，表示长时间的借三个borrow非延续性动词，表示主语借入，常用搭配borr三个“参加”join加入“党派”或“组织”take part in参加聚会或活动attend出席会议。attend the meeting参会三个join加入“党派”或“组织”take part in参三个“穿”dressdress sb.给某人穿衣服dress sb. up打扮某人put on穿上、戴上，强调动作wear穿着、戴着，强调状态三个dressdr

13、ess sb.给某人穿衣服put on穿上【现学现用】10. The police are trying to _ how the accident happened. A. look for B. findC. find out11. How nice your watch is! How much did you _ for it? A. pay B. costC. spendCA【现学现用】CA二个“找”look for强调寻找的过程find强调寻找的结果。find out查明，发现二个“听”listen to强调听的动作。listen to music听音乐hear强调听的结果二个“赢

14、”beat后接某人或某支队伍win后接荣誉、地位、比赛等二个look for强调寻找的过程find强调寻找的结果。f14. When we make up our mind to face all the difficulties, we have _ half of the battle. A. beatenB. wonC. failed15. Linda is very friendly. She never _ a bad word about others. A. speaksB. saysC. tellsBB14. When we make up our mind t12. Ther

15、e was something wrong with the line. We couldnt _ each other clearly. A. listen toB. hearC. talk13. I _ an article about first aid. It is really helpful in our daily life. A. readB. watchedC. sawBA12. There was something wrong 【现学现用】16. Wow, who is cooking in the kitchen? It _ so nice.17. Tom is ill

16、 in hospital today, and his voice _ weak.smellssoundstaste sound smell feel look【现学现用】smellssoundstaste sound考向三 感官动词（2015.38）词汇常用搭配smellThe air smells fresh.The flowers smell sweet.tasteThe food tastes delicious/sweet/salty/sour.feelThe cloth feels smooth/soft.soundHer voice sounds sweet/weak/beaut

17、iful.lookThe girl looks young/old/beautiful.考向三 感官动词（2015.38）词汇常用搭配smellT20. The oranges _ sweet. They are from Yongxing, Chenzhou.21. This scarf is beautiful and it _ soft and smooth.tastefeels20. The oranges _ sweet. T18. There are many blouses in the store. The one with a flower _ more beautiful.

18、 19. Malta _ like a great place for a relaxing holiday. lookssounds18. There are many blouses in 24. After knowing she won the first prize, Judy _ very happy. A. sounded B. smelt C. looked25. How beautiful the square is! You cant _ (想象)that it was a place to store rubbish five years ago.26. Please _

19、 (share) happiness with your friend. You can certainly obtain two joys. Cimagineshare24. After knowing she won the 22. Its reported that Chinese _ more than 40 minutes a day reading on WeChat. A. spendB. costC. pay23. Shirley is a funny girl. She loves to _ jokes to friends around her. A. speak B. s

20、ay C. tell综合提升AC22. Its reported that Chinese命题点2 动词填空考法精讲 衡阳中考中，用动词填空主要涉及单词拼写和综合填空两种题型，且均为每空填一词型。单词拼写5年7考，综合填空10小题中3小题考查动词。针对此类试题，考生需要分析句子结构，弄清所缺成分，并熟悉动词的相关变形。常见变形具体如下：命题点2 动词填空考法精讲 衡阳中考中，用动词填空主要27. Despite winning the title, their last game ended in great _ (disappoint)28. The _ (act) of the movie

21、 were celebrating their success in Beijing.29. The guests praised Mario and his sister because they _ (behave) well in the party.disappointmentactorsbehaved27. Despite winning the title,考向二 与时态相关的变形 在一般现在时中,主语为复数时,谓语动词用原形。如: The red roses smell sweet. 变单三形式(2013.62) 1. 在一般现在时中，主语为第三人称单数时。如：考向二 与时态相关

22、的变形 在一般现在时中,主语为复考向一 与语态相关的变形（2017.64， 2016.64，2015.63） 在被动语态中，动词需要变成过去分词形式。答题时，当空格前出现be动词时，需首先考虑是否考查被动语态。判断是不是被动语态，需要根据主语跟动词的关系。讲解详见专题十二 动词的语态如： Shirts and ties are given to fathers as gifts on Fathers Day.考向一 与语态相关的变形（2017.64， 在被动语 变过去式（2014.62） 在一般过去时中，动词需要变成过去式，句中一般会出现跟过去相关的时间状语，如yesterday，last n

23、ight等，或者是已知时态属于过去时态。如： The water felt cool when I jumped into the pool. 变过去式（2014.62） The girl has her own idea about this matter. 2. 在if引导的条件句中，且主语为第三人称单数时。如： If it rains tomorrow， we wont go hiking. 3. 用于现在完成时中。如： The famous writer has written two new books in the past three years. The girl has he

24、r own idea While Mr. Johnson was working, his son was doing his homework. 3. 在句中作主语时。如： Getting up late isnt good. 变不定式（填动词原形） 1. 在动词不定式符号to之后。如： She is afraid to cross the street. While Mr. Johnson was work考向三 变非谓语 动词变现在分词(2017.57) 1. 所给动词之前有what/how about、avoid、consider、would you mind、enjoy或者介词等时。

25、如： What about practicing swimming？ 2. 在be动词之后表示进行时。如：考向三 变非谓语 动词变现在分词(2017.57 and, or等并列连词连接的谓语动词或非谓语动词成分在形式和数上应保持一致。意注 and, or等并列连词连接的谓语动词或非谓语动词2. 在had better, would rather或why not/why dont you.?等结构中。如：Why not make a snowman?2. 在had better, would rather或w1. 在一些固定搭配中。如：With the development of scienc

26、e and technology, people live a better life.2. 在系动词之后作表语时。如：Lao She is a great writer.3. 在句中作主语时。如：Three workers in our factory were praised.更多动词词性转换见32K字词句篇记背手册1. 在一些固定搭配中。如：考向四 动词词性转换 变形容词 1. 所给动词在系动词之后作表语时。如: My pen is broken. 2. 在名词之前作定语时。如: This is such an interesting movie. 变名词考向四 动词词性转换 变形容词3

27、2. (2016年64题)Sometimes the meaning can change, depending on the country where it is _ (说)33. (2015年65题)At noon, the headmaster and other teachers order a special lunch and _ (招待)it to the student.34. (2013年62题)In China, it _(取决于) on where you are.spokentreatdepends32. (2016年64题)Sometimes the me30. (

28、2017年51题)As Chinese students, we must know something about a great man c_ Zheng He.31. (2017年52题)At that time, the compass p_ an important role in his sailing.衡阳8年真题面对面综合提升alledlayed30. (2017年51题)As Chinese stude36. (2017年60题)When I knew there was going to _ a free meal of hotpot to welcome the new

29、students, I was so excited that I went to the canteen quickly.37. (2017年64题)Chinese huo guo is _ (write) in two wordshot pot; and hotpot, one word, is a traditional English dish.bewritten36. (2017年60题)When I knew ther35. (2017年57题) But after _ (have) three days of hamburgers, sandwiches and potatoes

30、, I thought none could be more delicious than Chinese food, especially my favoritehuo guo.having35. (2017年57题) But after _41. My family are looking forward to _ (live) in the new house.42. Why not _ (try) going to Sanniang Bay by boat for a change?43. They _ (eat) up all the food, but they still fel

31、t hungry.livingtryate41. My family are looking forw38. I am so busy these days that I cant accept your _ (邀请)to your birthday party.39. A new school in our town was _ (found) by a rich man several years ago.40. The young man wanted to make more money to _ (support) his family.2018预测invitationfounded

32、support38. I am so busy these days th命题点3 动词短语考法精讲 分析衡阳近8年中考真题可知，动词短语辨析在近3年完形填空中均有考查；在单项选择中考查过2次。考查形式包括：同一动词型：同一动词+不同介词/副词（8年3考）;同一介词/副词型：不同动词+同一介词/副词（8年3考）；混合型：不同动词+不同介词/副词。在历年句子翻译中也常出现动词+介词/副词型与动词+名词型动词短语。命题点3 动词短语考法精讲 分析衡阳近8年中考真题可知44. We all know that learning a foreign language _ (require) time

33、and work.45. The actor and director _ (be) coming to give us a speech next weekend.46. The boy often practices _(dance) in the music room.requiresisdancing44. We all know that learning get on上车 get off下车get away from远离 get rid of摆脱get along with与和睦相处get in touch with与取得联系get ready for.为做准备get on上车 g

34、et 考向一 同一动词型（2017.27，2014.25， 2011.30）get短语（2017.27）【知识梳理】get to到达 get back回来get up起床；起来 get down下来get over克服 get into进入考向一 同一动词型（2017.27，2014.25， 49. Carl is just one of these people who has the ability to get along with most people. _ _卡尔恰好是这些人之一,他拥有与大多数人和睦相处的能力。49. Carl is just one of these 【现学现用

35、】47. Steven, we should _ the bus at the next stop. A. get onB. get offC. get back48. You should try to _ the difficulties by yourself. You are not a child any longer. A. get overB. get toC. get upBA【现学现用】BA【现学现用】50. We shouldnt spend too much time on the computer games, because it _ us. A. does good

36、 to B. does harm to C. does badly inB【现学现用】Bdo短语(2014.25)【知识梳理】do badly in在方面做得不好do well in在方面做得好do ones best尽某人最大努力do harm to对有害do good to对有益do短语(2014.25)53. Students who do well in examinations are the ones who like asking questions in class. _考试成绩好的都是那些在课堂上爱问问题的学生。53. Students who do well in ex51

37、. 虽然我们最终输掉了比赛，但是我们都尽 了最大努力。 _ _52. 如果你不多做锻炼你就会发胖。 _Although/Though we lost the game at last, we all tried our best.If you dont do more exercise, youll get fat.51. 虽然我们最终输掉了比赛，但是我们都尽Althoughkeep off避开；不接近keep away from远离keepin mind记住keep in touch with与保持联系keep off避开；不接近keep短语(2011.30)【知识梳理】keep fit保持

38、健康keep a diary写日记keep on继续(进行)keep短语(2011.30)take短语(2016.31)【知识梳理】 take away拿走，带走 take after与长得像 take action采取行动 take down写下，记下 take photos拍照 take measures采取措施take短语(2016.31)【现学现用】54. Although it is dark, he still _ working in the office. A. keeps onB. keeps awayC. keeps off55. 记住老师说的话，并遵从他的建议。 _ _K

39、eep what the teacher said in mind and follow his suggestions/advice.A【现学现用】Keep what the teacher sa【现学现用】56. You are supposed to _ a hobby like playing football or taking photos. A. take awayB. take afterC. take up57. Taking notes is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork. _C记笔记是一项

40、能帮助你做好所有功课的技能。【现学现用】C记笔记是一项能帮助你做好所有功课的技能。take notes记笔记 take place发生take in吸入 take part in参加take up从事，着手处理 take care of照顾take a message捎口信take a shower洗淋浴take out取出；把带出去take off脱下（衣服），（飞机）起飞take notes记笔记 talook短语【知识梳理】 look at看 look after照顾 look around环顾 look for寻找 look like看起来像 look over仔细检查 look ou

41、t当心 look through浏览 look短语58. 除非人们立刻采取行动，否则环境将会变 得更糟。 _ _59. 脱掉你的外套，因为它很湿。 _Unless people take action at once, the environment will be worse.Take off your coat, because its very wet.58. 除非人们立刻采取行动，否则环境将会变Unless p【现学现用】60. I want to go back home early so that I can _ my sick mother in bed. A. look atB

42、. look afterC. look over61. While I was _ my old photos, one caught my eyes. A. looking throughB. looking around C. looking forBA【现学现用】BAlook up （在词典、参考书等中）查阅,查找look forward to盼望,期待look down/on upon瞧不起，轻视look up to 钦佩,仰慕,看得起look up （在词典、参考书等中）查阅,查找give短语【知识梳理】 give away捐赠 give back归还 give out散发，分发 g

43、ive off发出（光、热等） give up放弃 give in屈服，让步give短语62. 我的英语老师看起来像一位电影明星。 _ _My English teacher looks like a movie star.62. 我的英语老师看起来像一位电影明星。My Englis65. 对我而言，成功的唯一秘诀就是从不放弃 或丧失信心。 _ _66. He is kind-hearted and gives away most of his money to the Hope Project. _ _For me, the only secret to success is never t

44、o give up or lose heart.他很热心肠，并且把他的大部分钱都捐赠给了希望工程。65. 对我而言，成功的唯一秘诀就是从不放弃For me, make短语 【知识梳理】make sure确信；证实 make up弥补；编造make money挣钱 make a living谋生make progress取得进步make a mistake/mistakes犯错误make a decision/decisions做决定make短语【现学现用】63. Remember to _ what you borrowed from others on time. Thus you can

45、leave a good impression on them. A. give upB. give awayC. give back64. We all admire Henrys strong spirit in life. He never _ in face of difficulties. A. gives outB. gives inC. gives offCB【现学现用】CB【现学现用】67. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to _ there are no mistakes. A. make

46、a living B. make up C. make sureC【现学现用】Cmake a difference有影响；起作用make fun of拿开玩笑make friends with与交朋友make a contribution to为做贡献make a difference有影响；起作用69. 随着技术的发展，手机在我们的日常生活 中产生了很大的影响。 _ _ _With the development of technology, mobile phones have made a great difference in our daily life.69. 随着技术的发展，手机

47、在我们的日常生活With the68. Rome was not built in a day, so you should work hard to _. A. make money B. make progress C. make friendsB68. Rome was not built in a da _ _ _72. 我认为我应该被允许为我自己做决定。 _ _As middle school students, we should make a contribution to protecting our school environment.I think I should be

48、 allowed to make decisions for myself. _70. 我们应该更加小心，否则我们会在实验中 犯错误。 _ _71. 作为中学生，我们应该为保护我们的学校 环境做贡献。We should be more careful, or we will make mistakes in the experiment.70. 我们应该更加小心，否则我们会在实验中We shoul【现学现用】73. We are supposed to _ a solution to stop people from looking down at their mobile phones wh

49、ile driving cars. A. come up withB. come fromC. come on74. The storm was over and the sun as well as the rainbow _ from the clouds, which made the sky very beautiful. A. came backB. came overC. came outAC【现学现用】ACcome短语【知识梳理】come along出现；到来 come back回来come down下降，落下 come from来自come on加油；快点 come out出现

50、；出版come over顺便来访come up with提出；想出come短语put短语【知识梳理】put away放好 put back 放回原处put down写下，记下 put off推迟put on穿上，上演 put out熄灭put up搭建，张贴 put up with容忍put短语75. Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part in the Olympics, no matter what nation they come from . _ _今天，来自全世界的男女运动员都可

51、以参加奥运会，无论他们来自哪个国家。75. Today, both male and femal考向二 同一介词/副词型（2016.31， 2015.37，2012.42）in短语(2016.31)【知识梳理】believe in信任；信赖 come in进来hand in上交；提交 get in进入take part in参加 take in吸收；欺骗考向二 同一介词/副词型（2016.31，【现学现用】76. Sally, _ your sunglasses. The sun is so bright. A. put onB. put upC. put away77. They heard

52、 the party was _ because of the exam. A. put backB. put offC. put out78. The boy has a good habit of _ all the things in right places. A. putting away B. putting up C. putting outAAB【现学现用】AAB【现学现用】79. Maybe after three years, you will _ your dream college. So work hard right now! A. believe inB. get

53、 inC. take in80. Our teacher asked us to _ the compositions tomorrow morning, so I went to bed late last night. A. hand in B. come inC. do well inBA【现学现用】BAdo well in在方面做得好take pride in为感到自豪lose oneself in 沉迷于do well in在方面做得好81. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都要相信自己。 _ _82. 李华在所有科目上都做得很好，但是她从 来不炫耀。 _ _We should believe

54、 in ourselves whatever/no matter what difficulties we meet.Li Hua does well in all her subjects, but she never shows off.81. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都要相信自己。We shoulup短语(2015.37)【知识梳理】bring up提出;抚养 pick up 捡起eat up吃光 clean up打扫wake up叫醒 stay up熬夜take up占据;开始从事 set up建立cheer up使高兴；使振作 grow up长大give up放弃 fix up修理pu

55、t up搭建 look up查找;向上看up短语(2015.37)83. 我的父母鼓励我参加户外活动。 _ _84. 上周参观了博物馆后，我为中国的发明 感到自豪。 _ _My parents encourage me to take part in outdoor activities.I took pride in/felt proud of Chinese inventions after visiting the museum last week.83. 我的父母鼓励我参加户外活动。My parents e87. When Bob is upset or tired, he prefe

56、rs comedies that can cheer him up. _ _88. 你不需要在字典里查每一个单词。 _ _当鲍勃难过或疲劳时，他更喜欢能使他精神振奋的喜剧。You neednt /dont need to look up every word in the dictionary.87. When Bob is upset or tired【现学现用】85. In order to protect the river, the people here didnt allow them to _ a factory here. A. put upB. take up C. set

57、up86. Dont try to _ people who are pretending to sleep. A. grow upB. pick up C. wake upCC【现学现用】CCat短语（2014.42）【知识梳理】laugh at嘲笑;取笑 knock at敲stare at凝视 point at指向look at看 arrive at 到达aim at瞄准;针对;致力于;旨在shout at冲大声叫嚷at短语（2014.42）89. 你最好不要熬夜到太晚，因为充足的睡眠 对你的健康是有必要的。 _ _Youd better not stay up too late, bec

58、ause enough sleep is necessary for your health.89. 你最好不要熬夜到太晚，因为充足的睡眠Youd be92. 对老人大喊是不礼貌的。 _93. 她指着地图为我指路。 _ _It is impolite to shout at the old （people）.She points/pointed at the map to show me the way.92. 对老人大喊是不礼貌的。It is impolite 【现学现用】90. Zeng Bo _ a highly-paid job in this company. So he keeps

59、 learning all the time. A. laughs at B. aims at C. stares at91. 进入房间之前，你应该先敲门。 _ _BBefore entering a room, you should knock at the door first.【现学现用】BBefore entering a room,away短语【知识梳理】run away逃跑，跑掉 take away拿走put away将收起，放好throw away扔掉give away 赠送，分发 pass away去世away短语95. 老师拿走了我的手机，因为我在课堂上使 用了它。 _ _9

60、6. 当你陷入困境时，一个真正的朋友永远不 会逃离你。 _ _The teacher took away my mobile phone because I used it in class.A true friend will never run away from you when youre in trouble.95. 老师拿走了我的手机，因为我在课堂上使The teac【现学现用】94. Wang Feng saved the lives of his neighbors in the fire. Unfortunately, he _ because of serious burn