Natural Gas Vehicle Development and Countermeasures天然气汽车的发展与对策

1、 Natural Gas Vehicle Development and Countermeasures Abstract: This paper describes the development of compressed natural gas vehicles (CNG) environmental pollution, safety, economy, and CNG vehicles and filling stations and prospects for the development and countermeasures. Keywords: compressed nat

2、ural gas vehicles; Station; the development prospects; Countermeasures At present, Chinas automobile exhaust emissions from some large cities are the major source of urban air pollution, therefore, the development of clean energy vehicles has become imperative choice. Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle

3、(CNG) for its low energy consumption and pollutant emissions of a small but welcomed by various countries, is recognized internationally as the ideal vehicle alternative energy sources. The development of natural gas vehicles for solving environmental problems and energy issues are of great signific

4、ance. First, the development of natural gas vehicle l, the development of profiles of foreign natural gas vehicle To protect the environment, reduce pollution, many countries have government issued a series of laws and introduced a number of incentive policies to promote the development of gas vehic

5、les, such as the development of more stringent vehicle emissions standards in the supply of natural gas, car purchase taxes, equipment, supplies, filling station construction, etc. to give funds, tax incentives. The U.S. federal government enacted in 1992, “Energy Policy Act”, for the purchase or mo

6、dification of alternative fuel vehicles and tax breaks for the construction of stations to make detailed provisions, but also the use of natural gas, tax cuts enacted policies, and exempt from natural gas vehicles fuel sales tax. There are more than 40 states under the federal policies, laws, develo

7、pment of the states mandatory, and encourage the use of CNG and other clean-fuel vehicles of policies and measures to promote the development of CNG vehicles and filling stations in the building. At present, more than 40 countries around the world have a gas car, mainly in the natural gas resource-r

8、ich Italy, New Zealand, Argentina, Brazil and other countries and strict environmental regulations the United States, Japan and other countries. 2 Overview of Chinas Natural Gas Vehicle Development The mid-20th century, 80 years, China has imported some CNG filling station equipment, in Sichuan has

9、established Chinas first CNG filling stations; 1993 China National Petroleum Corporation system, the introduction of foreign technology and in 1996, will be filling device and Automobile Parts localization of imported technologies, standardization of technical standards. In 1999 the leadership of th

10、e National Clean Vehicle Action Coordination Group was established to start in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Xian, Shenzhen and other 12 pilot urban areas promote the use of clean energy, work, and promote the use of CNG vehicles and filling stations have made the building of an unprecedented results.

11、 According to relevant statistics, as of 2004, Chinas total natural gas vehicles in some areas more than 20 million vehicles, more than 700 filling stations. Second, natural gas vehicles (CNG) and other fuels, the environment, economic comparison Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles: Of natural gas compr

12、essed to 20MPa in the compressed natural gas cylinders in the vehicle, after the supply of internal combustion engine after the pressure reducer. To CNG fuel for vehicles, compared with gasoline has the following advantages: l, reduce pollution and improve the atmospheric environment: natural gas is

13、 a clean energy, with a high calorific value, high efficiency and low pollution characteristics, combustion more complete and easy to coke, CO, NOx and particulate emissions significantly lower than gasoline, significantly reduced exhaust pollution. Motor vehicle exhaust is a major source of urban a

14、ir pollution, mainly carbon monoxide harmful ingredient (C0), hydrocarbons (HC), nitric oxide (N0) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and so on. According to statistics, the use of natural gas as a motor fuel and gasoline as a fuel to reduce emissions compared to 90% CO, 90% S02, 72% HC, 39% NOx, 24% CO2, n

15、on-dust emissions, improve the urban environment has a distinct role . A typical diesel engine and gasoline engine and gas engine emissions are quite in Table l. 2, CNG vehicles have a higher safety Compared with gasoline, compressed natural gas is a relatively safe fuel. (1) natural gas explosion l

16、imit of 5% over the gasoline (lower explosion limit of l%) High-methane ignition of 645 , higher than the gasoline burning 218 , easy to ignite compared. Low density of methane, the relative density of 0.55 or so, the leaked gas will soon be distributed in the air, in the case of the natural environ

17、ment is difficult to form hot combustion conditions, once the compressed natural gas leaking from a tank or pipeline leakage points immediately surrounding the formation of low-temperature areas, so that the difficulties of natural gas combustion. Therefore, CNG is a relatively safe motor fuel. Natu

18、ral gas and gasoline fuels Comparison Table 2 (2) Department of natural gas vehicle cylinder high-pressure vessel (20MPa), its materials and manufacturing, inspection and testing procedures in various countries have strict controls in China have “vehicle compressed natural gas cylinders standard) (G

19、Bl7258-1998). Cylinder fitted with explosion-proof facilities, reducers, valves and other equipment, strict degree of high standard, safe and reliable gas supply system and will not tip over because of car crash or cause fire or explosion, while the gasoline tank of motor vehicles department of non-

20、pressure vessels, fire very easy to explode. 3, there is help alleviate the energy shortage of supply and demand. Chinas economy is in a rapid development stage, the number of vehicles to 1 million / year increase rate of more than, a substantial increase in resource requirements for gasoline, a lar

21、ge number of Chinas annual imports of crude oil, refined oil and LPG. To optimize the use of Natural Gas Vehicles Vehicle fuel supply structure, changing only the gasoline motor fuel, diesel oil pattern, not only ease the problem of the shortage of gasoline supplies also meet the transport needs of

22、the development. 4, prolong engine life. Natural gas, easy to spread to gas entering the engine, the air in the engine easily and uniformly mixed, burning more completely, clean; can improve the thermal cycle efficiency, speed up the burning speed, full use of combustion heat; the same time, the hig

23、h octane CNG, uprising of good performance, use do not need to add the uprising agent, do not dilute the lubricating oil, thus making the parts inside the engine cylinder wear greatly reduced, so that the engine oil life and a substantial increase in the use of the period. All of these will lower th

24、e cars maintenance and operating costs, thus improving the economics of car use. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download 5, there is a higher economic efficiency. At present, the domestic gasoline prices continue to rise, the price system and the world integration has been the use of CNG v

25、ehicles will be able to save nearly 40% of fuel costs, in Table 3. 3, CNG vehicle development prospects CNG vehicles and filling stations will have broad prospects for development, mainly in the following aspects: l, car ownership in the rapid growth of oil resources and environmental protection of

26、the grim situation, decided to develop natural gas vehicle part of the solution of energy problems and environmental issues an important way. 2, “Eleventh Five-Year” period, the new clean-energy vehicles have been included in the “national scientific and technological development and long-term plann

27、ing,” the state will continue to organize the implementation of clean-energy vehicles involved in a variety of major scientific and technological projects, focused support, including natural gas vehicles, including vehicle, parts and other key technologies, will further promote the development of na

28、tural gas vehicles. 3, Chinas natural gas resources in large-scale development and pipeline construction was speeded up to enable the development of CNG and LPG filling stations possible. According to Chinas natural gas use planning over the last decade, “Natural Gas”, “second Shaanxi-Beijing” and a

29、 large number of gas pipelines and city gas pipeline being built along Chinas large-scale use of natural gas infrastructure to gradually improve, natural gas filling stations will gradually form a network. 4, the development of CNG vehicles with a stable gas supply guarantees to Tianjin as an exampl

30、e, at present, Tianjin has established a sound natural gas transmission and distribution systems, from northern Shaanxi, Dagang, Tianjin, North China Oil Field to the gas supply, gas supply is nearly in mid-2005 600 million m3, 2006 Projected reach 800 million m3, the length of pipe network 6894km,

31、of which high-pressure pipeline 591km, the “Eleventh Five-Year” period of Tianjin to develop a large-scale construction of CNG vehicle filling stations have provided a guarantee. 4, CNG vehicles and filling stations of Development Strategies To speed up the natural gas as fuel the development of cle

32、an vehicles, made the following recommendations: 1, the Government has introduced to encourage and support policy: the development experience of countries in the world shows that government support is to accelerate the development of the necessary conditions for its economic policy is an important f

33、actor affecting their development and should be guaranteed in law, in the gas automobile production, modification, spare parts production, filling station construction, gas, car purchase and use, maintenance and other sectors to set prices, taxation, investment, subsidies, etc. supporting preferenti

34、al policies. Gas price is an important factor in the development of gas vehicles, only the formation of gas prices and gasoline prices, when the difference is large enough, gas car development will have the economic base and drive. 2, strengthen leadership, the implementation of unified management.

35、The development of CNG vehicles is necessary to build high-quality, convenient filling stations, requiring planning, public security, fire, labor, technical supervisor and other departments for their support. 3, in the municipal plan, filling stations and gas stations should co-ordinate consideratio

36、n, rational distribution and coordinated development. Make full use of existing land resources, ensure a safe environment under the premise of building oil and gas in-one station. 4, follow the simultaneous development of CNG vehicles and filling stations principle, only under the conditions of stat

37、ions into a network, CNG vehicles in order to truly develop. Only the size but also to a certain number of CNG vehicles, the normal operation of filling stations in order to achieve profitability. 5, the strict legal system: development of stringent vehicle emissions regulations, effective non-compl

38、iance of vehicles determined not to be the road, tuning of the CNG vehicles rigorous review of qualifications, certification. Should first urban city buses, taxis, as the focus of the development of CNG vehicles to eliminate part of the bus phenomenon of black smoke pollution of the environment. 6 and step up publicity.