2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号95

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, the expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barr

2、ier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling,

3、 however, cannot.Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.Other forms of nonlingui

4、stic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people.While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express

5、human thoughts and feeling.1.Which of the following statements best summarizes this passage?2.Which of the following statements is not true?3.Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people?4.How many different forms of communication are mentioned here?5.Sign languag

6、e is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally except for （）问题1选项A.When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication.B.Everybody uses only one form of communication.C.Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.D.Although other forms of comm

7、unication exist, verbalization is the fastest.问题2选项A.There are many forms of communication in existence today.B.Verbalization is the most common form of communication.C.The deaf and mute use an oral form of communication.D.Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language.问题3选项A.picture signsB.

8、BrailleC.body languageD.signal flags问题4选项A.5B.7C.9D.11问题5选项A.spellingB.ideasC.whole wordsD.expressions【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲肢体语言。一般来说, 思想和感情的表达都是以口头语言的形式进行的。但当有语言障碍时, 交流可以通过其他形式完成, 比如肢体语言。所以选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句可知, 游客, 盲人和聋哑人使用的是sign language, 而不是oral form of c

9、ommunication。所以选项C表述错误。3.细节事实题。根据原文可知Braille是一种用指尖阅读的凸点系统, 即盲文, 适合盲人使用。所以选项B正确。4.细节事实题。文章中提到了oral speech、sign language, body language、Braille、signal flags, Morse code、smoke signals、road maps、picture signs这9种交际方式, 所以选项C正确。5.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque an

10、d exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.”这些完整的文字符号中有许多是非常生动和准确的, 可以在国际上使用；然而拼写不能。所以本题选A。2.单选题Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you（1）wonder how it is possible for us to（2）people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the（3）that make one face differe

11、nt from another. Yet a very young child（4）an animal, such as a pigeoncan learn to recognize faces. We all（5）this ability for granted. We also tell people apart（6）how they behave. When we talk about someones personality, we mean（7）in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks, and feels that（8）that individ

12、ual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someones personality（9）words is somewhat easier than（10）his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you（11）have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a

13、 “nice person,” you（12）（13）, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe（14）a person thinks, feels, and acts. Gordon Airport（15）U.S. psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words（16）differences in peoples behavior. And many of us use this information as a（17）for describing or ty

14、ping a（18）.（19）military typespeople are described with such（20）.问题1选项A.sometimesB.everC.alwaysD.anytime问题2选项A.spotB.locateC.knowD.recognize问题3选项A.featuresB.charactersC.distinctionsD.qualities问题4选项A.or evenB.and alsoC.and thenD.and too问题5选项A.haveB.useC.takeD.regard问题6选项A.inB.byC.fromD.with问题7选项A.the

15、mannersB.the meansC.the waysD.the patterns问题8选项A.causesB.causeC.makesD.make问题9选项A.withB.byC.inD.using问题10选项A.description ofB.describingC.to describeD.describe问题11选项A.willB.wouldC.shallD.should问题12选项A.mayB.canC.mightD.will问题13选项A.considerateB.considerableC.consideringD.concerned问题14选项A.whyB.whenC.how

16、D.what问题15选项A.aB.anC.the waysD.that问题16选项A.characterizingB.characterizeC.characterizedD.to characterize问题17选项A.baseB.foundationC.pointD.criterion问题18选项A.personB.personalityC.manD.woman问题19选项A.politiciansB.conservativesC.speakersD.scholars问题20选项A.nounsB.nicknamesC.jargonD.terms【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:

17、A第5题:C第6题:B第7题:D第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:D第18题:B第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）did表明句子时态为过去时, 所以ever（曾经）符合原文。（2）根据下文make one face different from another可知，这里指如何区分不同的人。选项D正确。（3）根据原文句意可知，这里应填入特征一次。选项A和B都有特点，特征的意思。但features一般用来描述容貌的特点, 所以选项A正确。（4）破折号后面的内容为插入语进行补充说明，表递进。所以选项A更符合原文。（5

18、）take sth. for granted为固定搭配，意为：认为某事理所当然。（6）介词搭配。tell不与in搭配；tell A from B区分A和B; tell A by B通过B来区分 A；tell A with B用B讲述A。根据上下文可知，这里是指通过人们的行为来区分人们。所以本题选B。（7）in the manner在现行中, 当场；in the mean同时, 在此期间；in the way妨碍, 挡道；in the pattern在某种模式下。根据下文的“she acts, speaks, thinks”可知，选项D符合原文。（8）主句主语为the patterns，所以动词

19、不需要用第三人称单数, 首先排除选项A和C。cause后面一般接原因状语，所以本题选D。故选make。（9）根据前面的关键词describe可知这里应该填入介词in, in words用语言, 口头上。（10）根据句子结构，.is easier than.，所以前后应该为平行结构, 前面是describing，所以这里也应该用describing。（11）If引导的条件假设句是对现在的虚拟, 所以整句的时态应该用过去式。（12）If引导的条件假设句用虚拟语气，might表示推测。（13）considerate体贴的, 体谅的, 考虑周到的；considerable相当大的, 重要的, 值得考虑

20、的；considering考虑到；concerned有关的, 关心的。根据kind, friendly可知，选项A符合原文。（14）根据句意：很多词可以用来形容人是如何思考、如何感受和如何行动的。选项C符合原文。（15）这里是泛指一位心理学家，所以用不定冠词a。（16）本句已有谓语动词found，所以填空处应填入非谓语动词。这里不存在被动关系，所以选项A正确。（17）criterion指规范，标准。根据原文：我们很多人用这些信息作为描述的标准.选项D符合句意。（18）上文提到这些单词是用来形容人的行为，也就是人的某个特征或者品性。所以选项B正确。（19）politician政客;conserv

21、ative保守派；speaker发言人；scholar学者。根据Hippies, bookworm可以推测这些词都是用来描述拥有某一典型特征的人。所以选项B符合原文。（20）名词辨析题。nouns名词；nicknames昵称；jargon行话；terms有术语的意思，所以本题选D。3.单选题Mrs. Green has been living in town only one year, yet she seems to be（）with everyone who comes to the store.问题1选项A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted

22、【答案】D【解析】acquaint使认识,使了解；accept接受；admit招收,承认；admire钦佩,赞美,羡慕。be acquainted with sb.为固定搭配，意为与.相识。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎认识来商店的每一个人。4.单选题Jim isnt（）, but he did badly in the final exams last semester.问题1选项A.gloomyB.dullC.awkwardD.tedious【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。gloomy黑暗的,沮丧的,阴郁的；dull迟钝的,笨的,阴暗的；awkward尴尬的,笨拙的,棘手的,不合适

23、的；tedious沉闷的,冗长乏味的。句意：吉姆并不笨，但是上学期期末考试考得很差。选项B符合句意。5.单选题As it turned out to be a small house party, we（）so formally.问题1选项A.neednt dress upB.did not need dress upC.did not need have dressed upD.neednt have dressed up【答案】D【解析】句意：原来是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本没有必要穿得那么正式。Need的否定形式为neednt，所以首先排除选项B和C。neednt have done表示

24、不需要做某事却做了。所以选项D正确。6.单选题She tried to hide her grief, but she was（）tears.问题1选项A.on the verge ofB.enthusiastic aboutC.on the lookout forD.glued to【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。on the verge of濒临于、接近于；enthusiastic about热衷于；on the lookout for留意、物色；glued to不愿离开，盯住不放。句意：她试图掩饰她的悲伤，但她几乎要哭了。选项A符合句意。7.单选题No sooner had the aut

25、omobile mechanic entered the room than he began to take off his（）coveralls.问题1选项A.tediousB.hollowC.greasyD.salutary【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。tedious沉闷的；hollow空的、虚伪的；greasy油腻的；salutary有益的。句意：汽车修理工一进入房间就开始脱下他油腻的工作服。根据常识可知选项C符合句意。8.单选题People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works u

26、sually assume that the past is entirely different from the present, and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past. But it is not true that the past is entirely different from the present. We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference.A tremendous change in the cond

27、itions of human life and in our knowledge and control of the natural world has taken place since ancient times. The ancients could not, however, see in advance our contemporary technical and social environment, and hence have no advice to offer us about the particular problems facing us. But, althou

28、gh social and economic arrangements vary with time and place, man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.The poets bear witness that ancient man, too, saw the sun rise and set, felt the wind on his cheek, was possess

29、ed by love and desire, experienced joy and excitement as well as frustration and disappointment, and knew good and evil. The ancient poets speak across the centuries to us, sometimes more directly and vividly than our contemporary writers. And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with t

30、he basic problems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us.We also learn from the past by considering the respects in which it differs from the present. We can discover where we are today and what we have become by knowing what the people of the past did and thought. And

31、part of the pastour personal past and that of the racealways lives in us.1.According to the writer, our past can teach us quite a lot because （）2.In the second paragraph, the writer places great emphasis on the fact that （）3.Judging from the context, the reason for the writer to talk about the poets

32、 is that （）4.In the first line of the last paragraph, the sentence “We can discover where we are today.” means （）5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.it is very different from the presentB.it is quite the same as the presentC.we can draw many lessons from itD.

33、we are not working so hard as the people in the past问题2选项A.human nature does not change easilyB.a great change has taken place in the conditions of human lifeC.social arrangements change quicklyD.it is impossible to ask the ancient people to give us useful advice问题3选项A.they tried to talk to people w

34、ho were to come after themB.they knew good and evil better than other peopleC.they were the most emotional people in their timesD.they recorded the life of ancient people in their poems问题4选项A.we can know how much development we have madeB.we can identify where we are living at the present ageC.we ca

35、n learn more about our problemsD.we can travel to any place quite easily问题5选项A.Our present has little in common with the past.B.Past human experiences can be used to serve the present.C.Some people in the past predicted things in our age accurately.D.Our present age is basically similar to the past

36、one.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的最后一句“We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference.”可知, 过去可以教会我们很多, 因为我们可以从中获得经验教训。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的最后两句“., man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common human nature .”尽管社会和经济随着时间和地点而改变, 但我们依旧是我们。我们和古人有着共同的人性, 因此也有共同的经历

37、和问题。所以作者强调的是人性是没有变化的。选项A正确。3.判断推理题。根据第三段的最后一句“And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic problems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us.”古代的先知和哲学家, 在处理人类共同生活在社会中的基本问题时, 对我们依然适用。由此推断, 作者提到诗人的原因是因为他们将古人的生活写进了他们的诗。4.判断推理题。根据句意, 通过了解过去人们的所作所为和思想,

38、我们可以发现我们今天在哪里, 我们变成了什么样子。这里与过去对比, 说明我们现如今的生活有很大的进步。所以选项A符合原文。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段就可知, 本文主要讲过去对我们的重要性, 过去和现在相关联, 但是过去和现在有相似但也有不同, 所以选项A和D错误, 选项B古人的经历对现在依然有影响, 符合原文。9.单选题You must read between the lines to get the（）meaning.问题1选项A.unanimousB.underlyingC.ultimateD.universal【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。unanimous意见相同的,全体一致的；un

39、derlying潜在的；ultimate最终的,根本的；universal普遍的,通用的。句意：你必须从字里行间去领会其深层含义。选项B符合句意。10.单选题While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest（）by the local bandits.问题1选项A.be attackedB.were attackedC.are to be attackedD.would be attacked【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。Lest是连词，意为“唯恐，以免”。其后接的状语从句常用should+

40、动词原形。should可以省略。所以选项A正确。句意：在翻越山区时，所有人都带着枪，以防遭到当地土匪的袭击。11.单选题John made（）keys for the house: one for his wife and one for himself.问题1选项A.deviateB.duplicateC.dozenD.deliberate【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。deviate偏离的；duplicate复制的；dozen一打；deliberate故意的。句意：约翰复制了两把房子的钥匙,一把给妻子,一把给自己。选项B符合句意。12.单选题When Mr. Li writes an art

41、icle, he always keep several dictionaries（）.问题1选项A.under his handsB.by handC.out of handD.at hand【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。by hand用手；out of hand脱手、无法控制；at hand在手边。句意：李先生写文章时，手边总有几本词典。选项D符合句意。13.单选题frightened and desert it.问题1选项A.should beB.would beC.will beD.could be【答案】A【解析】考察虚拟语气。句意：当鸟类观察者们找到一个鸟巢时,他们会非常小心不去打

42、扰,以免鸟妈妈受到惊吓而遗弃它。Lest表示“以免”,后面的虚拟语气通常用should+动词原形。所以选项A正确。14.单选题Although too much（1）to the suns ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer, sunshine may have a（2）effect against some cancers, U.S. scientists said in April. They（3）vitamin D, the so-called sunshine vitamin that is also found in fortified mi

43、lk and（4）products, cod liver and some fatty fish, can help to slow down the speed（5）which cancer（6）divide. “This study found inverse（7）between both residential and occupational exposure to sunlight（8）mortality from female breast and colon cancers,” said Dr. Michael Freedman of the National Cancer（9）

44、.In research（10）in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Freedman and his team studied（11）from breast, ovarian, colon, prostate and skin cancers in 24 U.S. states between 1984 and 1995 to determine the（12）of sunlight on the disease.（13）surprisingly, they found more deaths from skin cancer in sunn

45、ier（14）but the number of people who died from the other cancers was lower in the（15）areas. Working（16）in a sunny climate was also associated with（17）breast and colon cancer deaths but not（18）the other cancers. Freedman said more research is needed to（19）the association between sunlight and（20）cancer

46、s.问题1选项A.exposureB.additionC.resolutionD.solution问题2选项A.potentialB.protectiveC.insufficientD.effective问题3选项A.signifyB.prescribeC.reassureD.suspect问题4选项A.agriculturalB.beanC.meatD.dairy问题5选项A.withB.beyondC.atD.in问题6选项A.portionsB.cellsC.diseasesD.illnesses问题7选项A.associationsB.conclusionsC.judgmentsD.i

47、llusions问题8选项A.orB.forC.butD.and问题9选项A.ConstitutionB.ConferenceC.InstituteD.Operation问题10选项A.doneB.concernedC.involvedD.reported问题11选项A.deathsB.painsC.sufferingsD.effects问题12选项A.degreeB.impactC.intensityD.depth问题13选项A.MoreB.NotC.MuchD.No问题14选项A.statesB.countriesC.citiesD.provinces问题15选项A.wetB.windyC

48、.sunshineD.dry问题16选项A.heavilyB.outdoorsC.offensivelyD.hard问题17选项A.moreB.manyC.lessD.fewer问题18选项A.withB.forC.onD.to问题19选项A.indicateB.propelC.explainD.generate问题20选项A.otherB.vitalC.certainD.severe【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:D第11题:A第12题:B第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19

49、题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）exposure暴露；addition増加；resolution决心；solution解决。根据句意：过度暴露在太阳紫外线下会导致皮肤癌。选项A符合句意。（2）potential潜在的；protective防护的；insufficient不足够的；effective有效的。根据句意：阳光可能对某些癌症有一定的预防作用。选项B符合句意。（3）signify表示, 预示；prescribe规定；reassure使.安心；suspect怀疑, 猜想。根据句意：他们猜想, 所谓的阳光维他命维他命D.”, 选项D符合原文。（4）agricultural农业的；bean豆类

50、；meat 肉；dairy奶制品。dairy products为固定搭配。（5）at the speed of为固定短语, 意为“以.的速度”。（6）portions部分；cells细胞；diseases疾病；illness病痛。这里指癌细胞, 用cancer cell。（7）associations关系；conclusions结论；judgment判断；illusions例子。根据句意：这项研究发现住宅和职业暴露在阳光下与女性乳腺癌和结肠癌的死亡率呈负相关。选项A符合句意。（8）“住宅和工作场所所接收阳光照射的程度”与“女性乳腺癌和结肠癌的死亡率”是并列关系, 用and, 选项D正确。（9）

51、constitution宪法；conference会议；institute研究所；operation操作。根据原文可知这里指国家癌症研究所。选项C正确。（10）根据原文：在职业与环境医学的研究报告中, .。选项D符合原文。（11）根据下文, 他们发现阳光充足的州皮肤癌死亡率较高。由此推断选项A符合原文。（12）词义辨析题。degree程度；impact影响；intensity强度；depth深度。根据原文可知这里是研究阳光对癌症的影响, 选项B符合原文。（13）根据原文可知研究发现与他们之前的假设基本一致, 所以应该用not surprisingly, 表示不出所料。（14）细节判断题。根据上

52、文可知是美国各州之间的数据对比, 这里也应该填入states, 所以选项A符合原文。（15）细节判断题。根据上文的sunnier states, 可以推断这里也应该指阳光充足的地区, 选项C符合原文。（16）根据下文的sunny climate, 可知这里指户外工作, 选项B符合原文。（17）细节判断题。根据上文提到的, 阳光充足的州皮肤癌死亡率较高, 而这些地区其他癌症的死亡率却低得多。由此推断, 这里指死亡率更低, 根据后面的deaths可推断应用fewer修饰, 所以选项D正确。（18）固定搭配。be associated with与.相关。（19）indicate指出；propel激励

53、；explain 解释；generate使形成, 发生。根据句意：弗里德曼说, 还需要更多的研究来解释阳光和某些癌症之间的联系。选项C符合句意。（20）这里强调的是阳光与具体的某种癌症的关系, 所以选项C更符合原文。15.单选题This young man,（）with a craving for materialistic gratification, cares about nothing but money.问题1选项A.obsessedB.negotiatedC.compromisedD.provided【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。obsessed with沉迷于；negotiate

54、d with与协商；compromised with向 （某人）妥协；provided with给提供。句意：这个年轻人贪图物质上的满足，只关心钱。选项A符合句意。16.单选题To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possible - and it can surprisingly benefici

55、al to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,” says Frederic, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good. “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel mor

56、e vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Frederic says.Dont wait for an

57、apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Frederic says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necess

58、arily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindne

59、ss around you,” Frederic says.Try to see things from the other persons perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view.Recogn

60、ize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Dont forget to forgive yourself. “For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” Frederic says. “But it can rob you of your self-confidence if y