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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Toomanypeoplebelievethattoachievegreatthingswemustmakebrutalsacrifices,thattosucceedinworkwemustfocussingle-mindedly,atthe(
)ofeverythingelseinlife.
问题1选项
A.heart
B.beginning
C.mercy
D.expense
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof意为“以……为代价”。
句意:太多的人相信为了成就大事我们必须做出残酷的牺牲,为了在工作中取得成功,我们必须一心一意,以牺牲生活中的其他一切为代价。
2.单选题
ThepressinAmericaisparticularlyimportantbecause,(1)thaninanyothercountry,itisrecognizedashavingaresponsibleroleto(2)inrelationtooneaspectoftheprocessofgovernment.Thepress(3)isanAmericaninvention,anditbegantobeimportant(4)theformofameetingbetweenPresidentand(5)inwhichthePresident(6)question.Pressconferencestakeplaceall(7)theworldnow,butthepresidentialpressconferenceisaninstitution(8)givesusakey(9)thespecialroleAmerica(10)tothepressandtothenewspapermen.TheBritishparliamenthasitsquestiontime(11)eachdayMembersofParliament(12)questiontoministersinchargeof(13)departments,andsomeEuropeanparliamentshavesomethingof(14)kind.Thereisnopossibility(15)suchadeviceintheUnitedStatesCongressbecauseheadsofexecutivedepartmentsarenotmembersof(16)Thustheexecutivehasnopoliticalplatform(17)whichtoexplainits(18)andgiveinformation.PresidentFranklinRooseveltshowedtheadvantagesofusingthePressforsuch(19)whenhecalledregularmeetingsofnewspapermen(20)whichheinvitedquestions.
问题1选项
A.less
B.more
C.rather
D.greater
问题2选项
A.perform
B.conduct
C.do
D.make
问题3选项
A.session
B.meet
C.meeting
D.conference
问题4选项
A.at
B.with
C.in
D.for
问题5选项
A.minister
B.officials
C.opponents
D.journalists
问题6选项
A.replied
B.repliedto
C.answeredto
D.returned
问题7选项
A.over
B.round
C.up
D.though
问题8选项
A.where
B.what
C.which
D.it
问题9选项
A.for
B.at
C.towards
D.to
问题10选项
A.resigns
B.assigns
C.designs
D.assists
问题11选项
A.when
B.on
C.for
D.in
问题12选项
A.answer
B.respond
C.address
D.serve
问题13选项
A.executive
B.management
C.execution
D.direction
问题14选项
A.same
B.asame
C.thesame
D.thesimilar
问题15选项
A.for
B.to
C.about
D.of
问题16选项
A.it
B.them
C.importance
D.significance
问题17选项
A.with
B.through
C.for
D.in
问题18选项
A.views
B.points
C.stands
D.locations
问题19选项
A.sake
B.save
C.intentions
D.purposes
问题20选项
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.for
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:D
第6题:B
第7题:A
第8题:C
第9题:D
第10题:B
第11题:A
第12题:C
第13题:A
第14题:C
第15题:D
第16题:A
第17题:B
第18题:A
第19题:D
第20题:C
【解析】第1题:考查逻辑关系。由前面的“新闻在美国尤其重要”可推测此处表示比较,比在其他国家更重要,因此填more。
第2题:考查固定搭配。performarole意为“扮演角色”。
第3题:考查固定搭配。thepressconference意为“新闻发布会,记者招待会”,后面句子也提到了Pressconferences。
第4题:考查固定搭配。intheformof意为“以……的形式”。
第5题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文,可知此处为记者招待会,故应为总统与记者的见面,因此选D。
第6题:考查动词辨析。answer作动词时,后面直接跟宾语;rely一般作不及物动词,后面接to,replyto意为“回答,答复”。
第7题:考查固定搭配。allovertheworld意为“全世界”。
第8题:考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语,先行词aninstitution表示物,因此用which引导定语从句。
第9题:考查固定搭配。akeyto...意为“……的关键”。
第10题:考查固定搭配。assign...to意为“赋予(某功能或价值)”。
第11题:考查定语从句。先行词time表示时间,因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。
第12题:考查动词辨析。answer意为“答复”;respond意为“回答,响应”;address意为“对……发话”;serve意为“(为……)服务”。此处表示议员向行政官员发问,因此选C。
第13题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示负责行政部门的部长,与后文中的headsofexecutivedepartments相对应,因此选A。
第14题:考查固定搭配。same一般与定冠词the连用,thesame意为“一样的”。
第15题:考查介词辨析。of意为“……的”,此处表示……的可能性。
第16题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文可知行政部门不是UnitedStatesCongress(美国国会)的成员,因此用it指代美国国会,选A。
第17题:考查介词辨析。此处表示这些行政官员没有地方通过论坛的形式解释他们的观点,因此填through(通过)。
第18题:考查逻辑关系。由后面的giveinformation(提供信息)可知此处与explainviews(解释观点)像对应。
第19题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示利用新闻达到这样的目的,因此填purpose。
第20题:考查固定搭配。空格后的which指的是meeting,此处表示在会议上,总统要求大家提出问题。atthemeeting意为“在会议上”。
3.单选题
Doyouknowwhataresolutionis?it'sapromise.Mostpromisesaremade(1)otherpeople("Mom,IpromiseI’lltidymyroomwhenIgetbackfromthebeach").(2)resolutionsarepromisesthatyoumaketoyourself.AndNewyear'sresolutionsareresolutionsthatpeoplemakeatthebeginningoftheyearinthe(3)thattheywillimprovetheirlives.Somepeoplewritedowntheirresolutionstorememberthem.But(4)theresolutionisimportantenough,you(5)havetowriteitdowntorememberit.
Therearedifferentkindsofresolutions.Somerelateto(6)healthsuchasstartingaworkoutprogramor(7)theamountofjunkfoodthatyoueat.Manyhavetodowithselfimprovement,suchas(8)ahobbylivepaintingorphotography,orlearningamusicalinstrument.Thenthereareresolutionsthathavetodowithbeingbetterorganized.(9)heremightincludeusingaweeklyplannerororganizingyourschoolnotesintofolder.
Despitethesedifferences,thereisonethingthatmostresolutionshave(10).Peoplehardlyeverkeepthem.Theresolutionsaretoodifficulttokeep.Forpeoplesimplyforget.Forthisreason,somepeoplearguethatthebestresolutionissimplynottomakeanyresolutions!
问题1选项
A.for
B.by
C.to
D.with
问题2选项
A.However
B.Nevertheless
C.Likewise
D.Incidentally
问题3选项
A.resolve
B.assumption
C.pledge
D.hope
问题4选项
A.as
B.if
C.though
D.because
问题5选项
A.shouldn’t
B.couldn’t
C.mustn’t
D.wouldn’t
问题6选项
A.normal
B.mental
C.public
D.physical
问题7选项
A.determining
B.increasing
C.limiting
D.retaining
问题8选项
A.takingup
B.givingup
C.holdingdown
D.layingdo
问题9选项
A.Exceptions
B.Examples
C.Samples
D.Variations
问题10选项
A.inconclusion
B.indiversity
C.incommon
D.infavor
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:C
第6题:D
第7题:C
第8题:A
第9题:B
第10题:C
【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。makepromiseto意为“对……许下承诺”。
第2题:考查副词辨析。however意为“然而”,表转折关系,常作插入语;nevertheless意为“然而,不过”,表示尽管作出完全让步,也不会发生任何影响;likewise意为“同样地”;incidentally意为“顺便”。
第3题:考查上下文语义。由后面theywillimprovetheirlive可知新年决心表达的是一种美好的愿望,一种希望,因此选D。
第4题:考查上下文语义。由前面的“有些人写下了他们的决心来记住他们”,此处表示转折关系,因此填though(虽然,尽管)。
第5题:考查上下文语义。此处表示尽管决心很重要,但你不必一定要把它写下来,因此填mustn’t(不必)。
第6题:考查上下文语义。由suchasstartingaworkoutprogram(锻炼计划)or___theamountofjunkfoodthatyoueat可知与身体有关,因此填physical,physicalhealth意为“身体健康”。
第7题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系,由前面的“开始锻炼计划”可知此表示“限制垃圾食品”,因此填limiting。
第8题:考查上下文语义。由前面Manyhavetodowithselfimprovement(许多人必须自我改进)可推测此处表示开始一个新的爱好,因此填takingup(开始,从事)。
第9题:考查上下文语义。由后面的usingaweeklyplannerororganizingyourschoolnotesintofolder可知这里是举例说明,因此填examples(例子)。
第10题:考查上下文语义。由前面的Despitethesedifferences(尽管有这些差异),但有一个大部分决心是相同的,因此填incommon(共有的,相同的)。
4.单选题
By(
)allofthemoredifficultquestionsbythepress,themayorarousedsuspicionthathewasnotwellinformedintheissues.
问题1选项
A.avoiding
B.considering
C.answering
D.requesting
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。avoid意为“避免”;consider意为“考虑”;answer意为“答复”;request意为“要求”。
句意:通过回避媒体提出的所有更棘手的问题,市长引起了人们的怀疑,人们认为他不了解这个问题。
5.单选题
Thetemperature(
)greatly;thedayswereveryhotwhilethenightswereverycold.
问题1选项
A.changed
B.altered
C.varied
D.reflected
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。change意为“改变,变化”,指完全改变;alter意为“改变”,指部分改变;vary意为“变化”,指多变;reflect意为“反射,反应”。
句意:气温变化很大,白天很热,夜晚很冷。
6.单选题
Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"?
问题1选项
A.Youmustleaveimmediately.
B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.
C.Youmustbeherebyeighto’clock.
D.Youmustcompletereadingassignmentontime.
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。题干:下面哪个句子表达“可能性”?
must作情态动词,可以表示命令或推测。B选项表示推测,其他选项表示命令。
7.单选题
Tryingmilitarywrongdoersmayannoythearmedforces,and(
)afreshconflict.
问题1选项
A.proliferate
B.provoke
C.nurture
D.proclaim
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。proliferate意为“激增,猛增”;provoke意为“激起,挑起”;nurture意为“养育”;proclaim意为“宣告,公布”。
句意:尝试军事犯罪的不法分子可能会打乱军事力量,从而激起新的矛盾。
8.单选题
Shoppingforclothesisnotthesameexperienceforamanasitisforawoman.Amangoesshoppingbecauseheneedssomething.Hispurposeissettledanddecidedinadvance.Heknowswhathewantsandhisobjectiveistofinditandbuyit;thepriceisasecondaryconsideration.Allmensimplywalkintoashopandasktheassistantforwhattheywant.Iftheshophasitinstockthesalesmanpromptlyproducesit,andthebusinessoftryingiton,proceedsatonce.Allbeingwell,thedealcanbeandofteniscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes,withhardlyanychatandtoeveryone'ssatisfaction.
Foraman,slightproblemsmaybeginwhentheshopdoesnothavewhathewants,ordoesnothaveexactlywhathewants.Inthatcasethesalesman,asthenameimplies,triestosellthecustomersomethingelse—heoffersthenearesthecantothearticlerequired.Nogoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitutebluntly,hedoessowithskillandpolish."Iknowthisjacketisnotthestyleyouwant,sir,butwouldyouliketotryitforsize?Ithappenstobethecoloryoumentioned."Fewmenhavepatiencewiththistreatment,andtheusualresponseis"Thisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsize,butIshouldbewastingmytimeandyoursbytryingiton."
Nowhowdoesawomangoaboutbuyingclothes?Inalmosteveryrespectshedoessointheoppositeway.Hershoppingisnotoftenbasedonneed.Shehasneverfullymadeuphermindwhatshewants,andsheisonly"havingalookaround".Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion;indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,evenbywhatcompanionstellher.Shewilltryonanynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.Contrarytoalotofjokes;mostwomenhaveanexcellentsenseofvaluewhentheybuyclothes.Theyarealwaysonthelook-outfortheunexpectedbargain.Facedwitharoomfulofdresses,awomanmayeasilyspendanhourgoingfromonerailtoanother,toandfro,oftenretracinghersteps,beforeselectingthedressesshewantstotryon.Itisalaboriousprocessbutapparentlyanenjoyableone.Somostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaitinghusbands.
1.Whenamanisbuyingclothes,(
).
2.Incommerceagoodsalesmanisonewho
(
).
3.Whatdoesamandowhenhecannotgetexactlywhathewants?
4.Accordingtothispassage,whenshoppingforclothes,women
(
).
5.Whatisthemostobviousdifferencebetweenmenandwomenshoppers?
问题1选项
A.hechoosesthingsthatothersrecommend
B.hebuyscheapthings,regardlessofquality
C.hebuysgoodthings,solongastheyarenottooexpensive
D.hedoesnotmindhowmuchhehastopayfortherightthings
问题2选项
A.sellssomethingacustomerdoesnotparticularlywant
B.alwayshasinstockthethingthecustomerwants
C.canfindoutquicklythegoodsrequired
D.doesnotwastehistimeondifficultcustomers
问题3选项
A.Hebuyssomethingthatissimilarenoughtotheidealone.
B.Heusuallydoesnotbuyanything.
C.Atleasttwoofhisrequirementsmustbemetbeforehebuys.
D.Solongasthestyleisright,hebuysthething.
问题4选项
A.oftenbuythingswithoutthinking
B.seldombuycheapclothes
C.welcomesuggestionsfromanyone
D.nevertakeanyadvice
问题5选项
A.Thefactthatmendonottryclothesoninashop.
B.Womenbargainfortheirclothesbutmendonot.
C.Womenstandupwhileshopping,butmensitdown.
D.Thetimetheytakeoverbuyingclothes.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中Heknowswhathewantsandhisobjectiveistofinditandbuyit;thepriceisasecondaryconsideration.(他知道他想要什么,他的目标是找到它并购买它;价格是次要的考虑因素)可知选D。
第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Inthatcasethesalesman,asthenameimplies,triestosellthecustomersomethingelse—heoffersthenearesthecantothearticlerequired.Nogoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitutebluntly,hedoessowithskillandpolish.(在这种情况下,推销员,顾名思义,试图向顾客推销其他东西——他提供了最接近他所需要的物品。优秀的推销员不会直截了当地提出这样的替代方案,而是用技巧和变通来做的这点)可知选A。
第3题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Thisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsize,butIshouldbewastingmytimeandyoursbytryingiton(这是对的颜色,可能是合适的尺寸,但试穿还是浪费你我的时间)可知选B。
第4题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion;indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,evenbywhatcompanionstellher.Shewilltryonanynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.(她总是乐于接受说服;事实上,她非常重视女售货员告诉她的话,甚至是同伴对她说的话。她会试穿很多东西。在她心中最重要的是应该找到每个人都认为适合她的东西)可知选C。
第5题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中thedealcanbeandofteniscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes(这笔交易可以而且经常在不到五分钟内完成)和最后一段中Somostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaitinghusbands(所以大多数服装店都为等候的丈夫提供椅子)可知男女购物最大的区别是购物花费的时间,因此选D。
9.单选题
Thesystemwasoriginallydeployedtopreciselylocatethepositionsofsoldiers,weapons,andtargetsby(
)geodeticlatitudeandlongitudecoordinates.
问题1选项
A.pinpointing
B.pointing
C.putting
D.recognizing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。pinpoint意为“确定,准确地指出”;point意为“指出”;put意为“放”;recognize意为“认出”。
句意:该系统最初是通过找出大地纬度和经度坐标来精确定位士兵、武器和目标的位置。
10.单选题
Thehelicopter(
)alightplaneandbothpilotswerekilled.
问题1选项
A.coincidedwith
B.stumbledon
C.tumbledto
D.collidedwith
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。coincidewith意为“与……一致”;stumbleon意为“无意中发现”;tumbleto意为“跌到”;collidewith意为“与……相撞”。句意:直升机与一架轻型飞机相撞,两名飞行员都遇难了。
11.单选题
Youwillgettothechurchmorequicklyifyoutakethis(
)acrossthefields.
问题1选项
A.track
B.passage
C.hedge
D.journey
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。track意为“小路,小道”;passage意为“通道,走廊,段落”;hedge意为“树篱,障碍”;journey意为“旅行,行程”。
句意:如果你走小路穿过这片区域,能更快到教堂。
12.单选题
Earlyinthe1900s,theuseoftruckstohandcommercial(
)developedalmostsimultaneouslywiththefirstwidespreaduseoftheautomobile.
问题1选项
A.vehicles
B.equipment
C.workers
D.merchandise
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。vehicle意为“车辆”;equipment意为“设备,装备”;worker意为“工人,员工”;merchandise意为“商品,货品”。
句意:20世纪初,运送商品的卡车基本上是和广泛使用的汽车一同发展的。
13.单选题
Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan(
)forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.
问题1选项
A.inspirational
B.educational
C.excessive
D.instantaneous
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。inspirational意为“启发灵感的,鼓舞人心的”;educational意为“教育的”;excessive意为“过度的,极度的”;instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。
句意:有了她作为教授和顾问,我可以告诉你,她是一股鼓舞人心的力量,她能鼓励她的学生们发挥出超出他们自己的期望。
14.单选题
Hewrotethebookin(
)withhiswife.
问题1选项
A.proportion
B.installment
C.correspondence
D.collaboration
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。proportion意为“比例,份额”;installment意为“装置,分期付款”;correspondence意为“一致,符合”;collaboration意为“合作,协作”。
句意:他和他的妻子合作写了这本书。
15.单选题
Thearchaeologist(
)thatthevasewas1500yearsold.
问题1选项
A.upheld
B.estimated
C.sustained
D.unitized
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。upheld意为“支持”;estimate意为“估计,预测”;sustain意为“维持”;unitize意为“统一(化),组成”。
句意:考古学家估计这个花瓶有1500年历史了。
16.单选题
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.
Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheearth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel'sreport:"Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”
Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.
Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis.
Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.
1.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat(
).
2.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas
(
).
3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"paralysisbyanalysis"(Line3,Paragraph4)?
4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?
5.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause(
).
问题1选项
A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath
B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant
C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife
D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense
问题2选项
A.aprotector
B.ajudge
C.acritic
D.aguide
问题3选项
A.Endlessstudieskillaction.
B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.
C.Prudentplanninghindersprogress.
D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.
问题4选项
A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants
B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation
C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch
D.Takesomelegislativemeasures
问题5选项
A.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment'snegligence
B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer
C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer
D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中smokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure可知A选项说法过于绝对;由overthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves可知与B选项不符,死亡人数很多;由LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense可知与D选项不符,胡说八道的人是支持吸烟的人;采用排除法,因此选C。
第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture(但科学确实为我们提供了关于未来的最佳指南)可知选D。
第3题:词义题。A选项意为“没完没了研究阻碍了行动”;B选项意为“仔细的调查揭示了真相”;C选项意为“谨慎的规划阻碍了进展”;D选项意为“广泛的研究帮助决策”。由文章第四段中Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis.(他们没有制定行动计划,而是继续要求进行更多的研究——典型的paralysisbyanalysis)可知A选项最符合句意。
第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.(但仅靠研究是不够的。如果政府不采取立法行动,国会应该帮助制定保护措施)可知选D。
第5题:推理判断题。文章第一段讲了吸烟的危害以及人们的忽视造成的后果,第三段讲了全球变暖就像之前的吸烟问题一样,没有得到人们的重视,一旦有百分之百的证据时,所造成的后果是很危险的,因此B选项“后者的教训适用于前者”符合题意。
17.单选题
Intoday'sworld,insuranceplaysavitalroleintheeconomicandsocialwelfareoftheentirepopulation.Thewishtoguardagainstdangerstolifeandpropertyisbasictohumannature.Byusingvariouskindsofinsurance,societyhasbeenabletoreducetheeffectsofsuchhazards.
Nowhereisinsurancemoreimportantthaninthemanagementofabusiness.Inmanyinstanceslossesinasmallfirmcanmeanthedifferencebetweengrowthandfailure,vitalityandstagnation.Veryfewsmallbusinesseshaveevenaportionofthefinancialsourcesavailabletolargerenterprises.Frequentlytheymustoperateonaveryslightmarginiftheyhopetostayinbusiness.Andthus,theyareparticularlysensitivetounexpectedlosses.
Withoutenoughinsurance,whathappenstosuchafirmwhentheownerdiesorissuddenlydisabled?Whenafirebreaksoutanddestroysthefirm’sbuildingorstock?Whenanemployeeisfoundtohavestolencompanyfunds?Whenacustomerisawardedaliabilityjudgmentforanaccident?Toooften,thebusinessisforcedtothewall;itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed;sometimes,itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed.
Almostalways,asmallbusinessmanwouldfinditimpossibletohandlethefullburdenofhispotentialrisk.Theamountofmoneyhewouldhavetosetasidetocoverpossiblelosseswouldleavehimnothingoralmostnothingtorunhisbusinesswith.Iflossesweretooccurwhichhecouldrepairbyusinghisreservefund,whatassurancewouldhehavethatanotherloss-thesamekindordifferent——mightnotoccurnextweek,nextmonth?Butthenhewouldhavenoreservefundandlittlelikelihoodofstayinginbusinessatall.
1.Thisselectiondealsmainlywith(
).
2.InParagraph3,“forcedtothewall”means“(
).
3.Theauthorthinksthat
(
).
4.AdequateinsurancewilldoallofthefollowingEXCEPTthatitwill
(
).
5.Theword“curbed”inParagraph3isnearestinmeaningto(
).
问题1选项
A.therelationbetweeninsuranceandsociety
B.accidentsandlosses
C.businessfailures
D.theimportanceofinsurancetobusiness
问题2选项
A.driventodespair
B.stayinginastrongposition
C.doingwell
D.climbingup
问题3选项
A.accidentsalwayshappen
B.abusinessmanshouldtakerisk
C.businessesshouldhaveadequateinsurance
D.insuranceisasocialwelfareproject
问题4选项
A.freesomebusinessfunds
B.addtobenefitsforemployees
C.relievesomemanagementproblems
D.provideforunexpectedincidents
问题5选项
A.checked
B.advanced
C.expanded
D.disturbed
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章开篇就提到保险在整个经济和社会福利中起着至关重要的作用,第二段讲述了保险在企业管理中是最重要的,第三、四段讲述了没有足够保险的企业会面临怎样的后果。因此D选项“保险对企业的重要性”符合题意。
第2题:词义题。driventodespair意为“陷入绝望”;stayinginastrongposition意为“保持强势”;doingwell意为“经营盈利”;climbingup意为“上升”。由后面的itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed可知前面表示不好的结果,因此选A。
第3题:观点态度题。文章主要讲述了保险对企业的重要性,因此C选项“企业应该有足够的保险”符合作者的观点。
第4题:推理判断题。文章第三四段提到了如果没有足够的保险,那么企业将遇到资金、意外事故、管理方面等问题,没有提到会增加员工福利,因此选B。
第5题:词义题。checked意为“选定的,有方格图案的”;advanced意为“先进的”;expanded意为“扩大的”;disturbed意为“扰乱的,心理失常的”。由前面的thebusinessisforcedtothewall可知此处表示不好的结果,itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed(它未来的运营受到了极大的……),因此选D。
18.单选题
Themedicine(
)hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.
问题1选项
A.activated
B.mediated
C.alleviated
D.deteriorated
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。activate意为“使活动,触发”;mediate意为“调解,调停”;alleviate意为“减轻,缓和”;deteriorate意为“使恶化”。
句意:药物缓解了他的疼痛,但并没有治愈他的疾病。
19.单选题
Teachingchildrentobe(
)inbothtechnologyandbasicskillslikewritingbyhandisabalancingactthatisasmuchataskforparentsasforteachers.
问题1选项
A.proficient
B.adept
C.capable
D.suitable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。proficient意为“精通的,熟练的”,beproficientin意为“精通于,熟练掌握”;adept意为“擅长于……的”,一般指有技巧的事情;capable意为“有能力的”,常与of连用;suitable意为“合适的”,常用for连用。句意:教孩子们熟练掌握技术和基本技能,比如手写,是一种平衡行为,对家长和教师来说都是一项任务。
20.单选题
Idon’tmindabitifyoubringyourfriendsinforadrink,butitisrathertoomuchwhensixteenpeoplearrive(
)fordinner.
问题1选项
A.unusually
B.excessively
C.unexpectedly
D.consequently
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词辨析。unusually意为“非常,特别地”;excessively意为“过渡地”;unexpectedly意为“未料到地,意外地”;consequently意为“所以,因此”。
句意:我一点儿不介意你带你的朋友来喝一杯,但意外地带来十六个人来吃晚饭就有点太多了。
21.单选题
Whywasthesuggestionthatshe(
)toourpartyrejectedthedaybeforeyesterday?
问题1选项
A.beinvited
B.tobeinvited
C.beinginvited
D.hasbeeninvited
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。在表示“建议、要求、命令、意愿”等意义的名词,后面跟的表语从句中和同位语从句中谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气,should可以省略,因此选A。
句意:为什么前天她受邀参加我们聚会的建议被拒绝了?
22.单选题
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetimeifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.Inthesameway,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle—comparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthisownmistakesforhimself,letalonecorrectthem.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohimorcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.
Ifitisamatterofrightanswers,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan’tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Let'sendthisnonsenseofgrades,exams,marks.Letusthrowthemallout,andletthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.
Letthemgetonwiththisjobinthewaythatseemsmostsensibletothem,withourhelpasschoolteachersiftheyaskforit.Theideathatthereisabodyofknowledgetobelearntatschoolandusedfortherestofone’slifeisnonsenseinaworldascomplicatedandrapidlychangingasours.Anxiousparentsandteacherssay,"Butsupposetheyfailtolearnsomethingessentialsomethingtheywillneedtogetintheworld?Don'tworry!Ifitisessentialtheywillgooutintotheworldandlearnit.
1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestwayforchildrentolearnthings?
2.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycleare(
).
3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorthinksteachersinschoolshould
(
).
4.Theauthorbelievestheteachersroleinchildren’slearningshouldbe
(
).
5.Thetitleofthispassagecouldprobablybe(
).
问题1选项
A.Byimitatingwhatotherpeopledo.
B.Bymakingmistakesandhavingthemcorrected.
C.Bylisteningtoexplanationsfromskilledpeople.
D.Byaskingagreatmanyquestions.
问题2选项
A.notreallyimportantskills
B.moreimportantthanotherskills
C.basicallythesameaslearningotherskills
D.basicallydifferentfromlearningadultskills
问题3选项
A.allowchildrentolearnbyhimselforherself
B.pointoutchildren’smistakeswheneverthey'refound
C.correctchildren’smistakesassoonaspossible
D.givechildrenmorebookknowledge
问题4选项
A.theidentifierandcorrectoroftheirerrors
B.theirhelperandguide
C.thepersontogradetheirperformanceandgivefeedbacks
D.thepersontopassonso
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