(新高考)高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册 Unit 5　高考题型组合练 (含详解)

高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AEversinceIgraduatedfromhighschool，I’veworkedinthefactoriessurroundingmyhometowneverysummer.However，makingthetransformationbetweenschoolandfull-timeblue-collarworkduringthebreaknevergetsanyeasier.Forastudentlikemewhoconsidersanyclassbeforenoontobeunacceptable，gettingtoafactoryby6o’clockeachmorningissuffering.MyfriendsneverseemtounderstandwhyI’msorelievedtobebackatschoolorthatmysummervacationhasbeenanythingbutavacation.Therearefewpeopleasself-confidentasacollegestudentwhohasneverbeenoutintherealworld.Peopleofmyagealwaysseemtooverestimatethevalueoftheirtimeandknowledge.Infact，alltheclassesdidnotpreparemeformybattleswiththemachineIranintheplant，whichwouldjamwheneverIabsent-mindedlyputinapartbackwardorupsidedown.Themoststressfulthingaboutblue-collarlifeisknowingyourjobcoulddisappearovernight.Issueslikebeinglaidoffandoverseasrelocationhadalwaysseemeddistanttomeuntilmyco-workerstoldmethattheunitIwasworkinginwouldshutdownwithinsixmonthsandmovetoMexico，wherepeoplewouldworkfor60centsanhour.Afterworking12-hourshiftsinafactory，theotheroptionshavebecomeonlytooclear.“Thisjobpayswell，butit’shellonthebody，”saidoneco-worker.“Studyhardandkeepreading，”sheadded.WhenI’mbackattheuniversity，skippingclassesandturninginlazyre-writesseemtooirresponsibleafterseeingwhatIwouldbedoingwithoutschool.Alltheadviceandpublic-serviceannouncementsaboutthevalueofaneducationthatusedtosoundstale(陈腐的)nowringtrue.MyexperiencesinthefactorieshaveinspiredmetomakethemostofmycollegeyearsbeforeIentertherealworldforgood.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过暑假在工厂的工作经历意识到了大学教育的重要性，更加珍惜大学时光。1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhissummerholiday?A．Itwasnoholidayforhimatall.B．Itbroughthimnothingbutsuffering.C．Itwasarelieffromhishardworkatschool.D．Itofferedhimachancetomakemorefriends.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句和最后一句可知，作者认为暑假对他来说根本不是假期。故选A。2．Whatcanweinferaboutmostcollegestudents?A．Theydobetterintherealworld.B．Theyareconfidentwhentheywork.C．Theythinktoohighlyofthemselves.D．Theyareexpertathandlingmachines.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段的第一、二句可知，大多数大学生都太高估自己了。故选C。3．Whatisthebiggestpressureforblue-collarworkers?A．Alowincome.B．Thelackofsecurity.C．Anunstablelocation.D．Lessbreak.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知，对于蓝领工人来说，最大的压力是缺乏安全感，因为他们可能随时会失去工作。故选B。4．Howdidtheworkingexperienceschangetheauthor?A．Hebecameresponsibleforhiswork.B．Helearnedtobemorepracticalatwork.C．Hebegantorespectblue-collarworkers.D．Hecametoappreciatehiscollegeeducation.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，工厂的工作经历改变了作者对大学的态度，让他更加重视他的大学教育。故选D。BTheconceptofownershipcomessoeasilytohumansthatevenpreschoolershavegotit.Robots，ontheotherhand，oftenstruggletograspsuchabstractconcepts.Nowawell-manneredrobotthatcanmakeithasbeenprogrammed.“Teachingrobotsownership-relatedetiquette(礼仪)isreally，reallyworthwhile，”saysMatthiasScheutz，acomputerscientistatTuftsUniversity.“Wecan’tjustsendoutrobotswhoareunawareofwhoownswhat...IfIinstructarobotto‘buildafence’，anditgoestotheneighbor’sandstarts‘stealing’boards，that’snotwhatwehaveinmind.”Thenewsociallyconsciousrobotcanlearnwhoownswhatfromclearstatementsaswellasitsownobservations.Therobotlearnsitscodeofconduct(行为准则)fromdirectordersandgeneralizingfromspecificexamples.Forinstance，iftherobotistoldnottotouchseveralobjectsthatitknowsbelongtospecificpeople，therobotwilldeducethat，asageneralrule，itshouldn’ttouchownedobjects.Artificialintelligence(AI)expertTanXuanandcolleaguesatYaleUniversityfoundouthowtherobotreactsinexperimentswithblocksonatable.Inonesession，Tanplayedwithonlytheredblocks，leadingtherobottoinferthattheseblocksbelongedtothesameperson.WhenTaninstructedtherobottothrowawayeverythingonthetableandthemachinereachedforaredblock，Tanstoppedtherobot，saying，“That’smine.”NowawarethatitshouldnotthrowTan’sbelongings，andassumingthattherestoftheredblocksbelongedtoTanaswell，therobotclearedthetableofeverythingbutredblocks.Later，whenTan’scolleagueJakeBrawerdirectedtherobottothrowoutaredblock，therobotreplied，“Sorry，I’mforbiddentothrowitawayifit’sownedbyTan.”Thoughrobotsmayhavemoredifficultyunderstandingwhoownswhatinsituationsfilledwithfarmoreobjectsofmuchwidervarietythanblocksonatable，Scheutzcalleditagood“firstattempt”atequippingrobotswithanappreciationofownership.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。所有权的概念在机器人领域一直是个难题，现在一个特别的机器人被设计出来了，它可以理解所有权概念，知道谁拥有什么，以及如何处理人们的所有物。5．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphfocuson?A．Thewayofteachingrobotsownership.B．Thebasicsofthehuman-robotrelationship.C．Thebenefitofrobots’learningownership.D．Theimportanceofrobots’learningcodeofconduct.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“Teachingrobotsownership-relatedetiquette(礼仪)isreally，reallyworthwhile”可知，本段主要讲的是让机器人学习与所有权有关的礼仪的重要性，即让机器人学习一定的行为准则的重要性。故选D。6．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“deduce”inParagraph3?A．Conclude. B．Admit.C．Agree. D．Doubt.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可知，机器人从直接指令中学习行为准则，并从具体例子中进行归纳。再结合第四段中的“leadingtherobottoinferthattheseblocksbelongedtothesameperson”可知，此处指如果机器人被告知不要触摸那些它知道属于特定人的物品，机器人就会推断，一般情况下，它不应该触碰有主的物品。故画线词与上文中的“generalizing”和下文中的“infer”意义相近，故选A。7．WhydidTanXuanusetheblocksinexperiments?A．Totraintherobot.B．Topredicttherobot’smove.C．Totesttherobot’sbehavior.D．Tostudytherobot’spreference.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段第一句和后文对实验内容的介绍可知，TanXuan在实验中用红色方块充当自己的“所有物”，并让机器人意识到这一所属关系，相应地，机器人调整了自己的行为(不清理红色方块)。由此可知，TanXuan用方块来测试机器人的行为，故选C。8．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningJakeBrawerinthelastparagraph?A．Therobotknowswhotoobey.B．Therobotcanlearnwhoownswhat.C．Therobotfollowsnowrongorders.D．Therobotcansolvecomplexsituations.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，当JakeBrawer命令机器人扔掉一个红色方块时，机器人回答说：“对不起，如果它是Tan的，我不能扔。”这说明在TanXuan的实验后，机器人理解了所有权的概念，即它知道谁拥有什么东西。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空Itwasasmallgraduationparty.OnlyEd，Max，RaulandIwerethere.Allthreemen，eachovertheageoffifty，hadachieveda1intheirlives.Theycould2.Overcomingdecadesof3andalifetimeofcoveringuptheirilliteracy，thesethreemenhadsignedupforafreethree-monthcourse，taughtbyme.“Itakethebuseverydaytowork，”saidEd.“Ihavedoneitforoverthirtyyears.JustyesterdayI4whatthewords‘EmergencyExit’mean.”Maxreportedthathewas5tounderstandmuchofMonday’snewspapersportsarticleonhisbelovedDallasCowboys.6，hisbreaktimewasspent7toreadinthehopethathisco-workerswouldneverdiscoverhisshamefulsecret.Asourfinalnightcametoaclose，Raultookmyhandbetweenhisroughones：“Yougavemea8.Yougavemeanewlife.”Beingsoyoung，Ididnotgraspthefull9ofhissimplestatementuntilmyowngrayhairsappearedanda(n)10downturnrobbedmeofmyworkandincomesecurity.NowI’mthe11ofmyformerpupilsandmyfutureneedsa12button.Irealizethatlimitingmydestiny(命运)becauseofmyageormylackofskillsis13.AfuturewithmanywonderfulopportunitiescouldbelongtomeaslongasIhavethecourageto14itoutandworkforit.LikeEd，MaxandRaul，Iamdeterminedtomakeanewlifeformyself.They15mewell.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者年轻时教会了三个年过五十的人识字，他们说作者给了他们新的生命。作者当时没有完全明白。到作者年老时，由于经济衰退失去了工作和收入来源，这时他才明白因为年龄或技能的缺乏而限制自己的命运是愚蠢的，他决心为自己开创新的生活。1．A.first B．medalC．career D．prize答案A解析根据第二段内容“这三个人克服了几十年的尴尬和掩盖自己的文盲的一生，报名参加了一个由我教授的为期三个月的免费课程”可知，此处是指这三个已年过五十的人都取得了人生中的空前成就。first在此意为“空前的成就”。故选A。2．A.work B．surviveC．read D．drive答案C解析根据第三、四段内容可知，此处是指他们可以阅读了。故选C。3．A.sorrow B．depressionC．threat D．embarrassment答案D解析根据“alifetimeofcoveringuptheirilliteracy”“shamefulsecret”可知，此处是指几十年不识字的尴尬。故选D。4．A.heardabout B．lookedthroughC．putforward D．figuredout答案D解析根据下文“understandmuchofMonday’snewspapersportsarticle”可推知，此处是指Ed理解了“紧急出口”是什么意思。故选D。5．A.likely B．ableC．cautious D．eager答案B解析根据上下文语境可知，此处是指他能够理解周一报纸上关于他心爱的达拉斯牛仔队的体育文章的大部分内容。故选B。6．A.Ultimately B．LatelyC．Previously D．Gradually答案C解析根据“inthehopethathisco-workerswouldneverdiscoverhisshamefulsecret”可知，此处是指之前的事。故选C。7．A.learning B．continuingC．managing D．pretending答案D解析根据“inthehopethathisco-workerswouldneverdiscoverhisshamefulsecret”可知，此处是指他的休息时间都用来假装阅读。故选D。8．A.future B．choiceC．break D．lesson答案A解析根据“Yougavemeanewlife.”可知，此处是指给了他一个未来。故选A。9．A.purpose B．wisdomC．comment D．background答案B解析根据下文叙述尤其是“Afuturewithmanywonderfulopportunitiescouldbelongtome”可知，此处是指“我”直到年老失去工作时才明白他这句简单的话的全部智慧。故选B。10．A.educational B．scientificC．physical D．economic答案D解析根据“robbedmeofmyworkandincomesecurity”可知，此处是指经济衰退剥夺了“我”的工作和收入保障。故选D。11．A.age B．exampleC．image D．guide答案A解析根据“myowngrayhairsappeared”可知，此处是指现在“我”的年龄和“我”以前的学生差不多了。故选A。12．A.new B．restartC．special D．play答案B解析根据“Iamdeterminedtomakeanewlifeformyself”可知，此处是指“我”的未来需要一个重新开始的按钮。故选B。13．A.crucial B．reasonableC．foolish D．annoying答案C解析根据“limitingmydestiny(命运)becauseofmyageormylackofskills”可知，此处是指因为年龄或技能的缺乏而限制自己的命运是愚蠢的。故选C。14．A.seek B．letC．bring D．carry答案A解析根据“workforit”可知，此处是指勇于去寻找。故选A。15．A.trained B．taughtC．cloned D．controlled答案B解析根据“LikeEd，MaxandRaul，Iamdeterminedtomakeanewlifeformyself.”可知，此处是指他们把“我”教得很好。故选B。Ⅲ.语法填空Carpooling(拼车)iswhenadriverofferstotakepassengersinexchangeforsomemoneyforpetrol.As1.result，carpoolingcanbe2.(cheap)thanpublictransportbecauseeveryoneinthecarsharesthecostofpetrol.I3.(recent)didcarpoolingforthefirsttimeanditwasveryeasytofindadriver.Iusedawebsite4.listsdrivers’profiles(简介)andfoundsomeonewhowasgoingtothesameplaceasme.Alotofinformationcan5.(see)intheprofilessuchastheirfirstname，ageandgender(性别)aswellasreviewsfromotherpassengers.Idecided6.(travel)withaladywhohadverygoodreviews.Ifoundcarpoolingtobea(n)7.(impress)experience.Notonlywasthetripverycheap，butthedr