宾语从句,表语从句解析课件

NounClausesnounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英语句子基本成分示意图be/feel/seem/lookappear/become/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.简单句的基本词序主语 动词部分 宾语 状语 （谓语） 方式 地点 时间I bought ahat yesterday.Thechildren ran home.We ate ourmeal insilence.Thecar stopped suddenly.Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:

1.Theworld

lovesnature.2.Knowledgeis

power.3.We

Chinese

are

peace-loving.subjectobjectsubjectpredicativepredicativesubject名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{宾语

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语

{Shegivemeasuggestion

thatIshouldgetupearlyhisjob.Shegivemeasuggestion.什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句ObjectClauses

宾语从句M3U3Grammar

什么是宾语？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?Weareexcitedthatwewinthetugofwar.

宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后,也可位于表示情感的形容词之后如何区分宾语从句？They

know

theteacher.

主语谓语宾语They

know

theteacherisverykind.

主语谓语宾语从句

▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。

宾语从句变否定句。如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we时，并且谓语动词多为think、guess、believe、consider、imagine、expect等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句看从句。

Ithinkchickencanswim（变否定句）

Idon’tthinkchickencanswim

Hesaidthathewouldgoshopping（变否定句）

Hesaidthathewouldnotgoshopping

Wewonderhowweshalldo.Couldyoutellmewheretheyare?Webelievethattheyhavefinishedtheirtask,haven’twe?4.IamsorrythatIdidn’tknowyouwanttojointheParty.找出下列句中的宾语从句

引导词

句子类型that陈述句一般疑问句If/weather特殊疑问词特殊疑问句不同引导词引导的宾语从句由从属连词that

引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what

和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if

引导的宾语从句（一）引导词123that——不能省略的2种情况（2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时

（it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语——that从句则放在句尾）

IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Weheardit

thatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.

（1）当that作介词except,in

宾语时Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.

由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknow______________________________________.2.Askhim_________________________.3.Iwonder____________________________.4.Couldyoutellme________________________?

if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus

whether(if)hecancome

whetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。

whether(if)

MrLiliveshere3.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.宾语从句提前时：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Iwonder___________heiswell.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow_______togo.

if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?

Idon’tknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）

What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?

注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：e.g.Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做宾语注意：①这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。

Idon'tthink(that)heisinterestedinthatthing,ishe?我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，对吗？②如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常不前移，它的反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。Shethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didn'tshe?她认为那部电影不好看，是吗？Youthinkyoucan‘tgetup,don’tyou?你认为你起不来，是吗？Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.三、时态主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。主句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时根据句意的需要用任意一种时态一般过去时与原句相对应的过去的时态

客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等

一律用一般现在时Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Ihearthey__________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)

willbe

goes

havereturned

hadbeen

rises宾语从句

三要素时态Summary(小结）引导词（连接词）语序注意：

宾语从句常用于直接引语转为间接引转变的时候注意时态和人称的变化

Whatdidyourfathersay?Youareaclevergirl.MyfathersaidIwasaclevergirl.“Iaminspace.”Whatdidhesay?Hesaidhewasinspace.有些动词如enjoy,love,hate,like,appreciate,take,hide,seeto,insiston,dependon,relyon等带宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it.Ihateitwhenpeopleaskmeformoney.Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemesomemoney.1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC

Practice5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCDThelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain___shewasandwaitforhermother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.whoWillyouseeto___thatthedoorisclosedbeforeyouleave.A.whatB.itC.whenD.that

将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.4.Heisdoinghishomework.Hesaid.5.Hewillcomeback.Tomsaid.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.

Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtogoskiing.

Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.

Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.6.Isshedoingherhomework?Jimasked.7.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.8.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?9.Whyisthetrainlate?Wouldyoutellme?10.WhereisTom?Theyasked.Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?TheyaskedwhereTomwas.Jimaskedifshewasdoingherhomework.PredicativeClauses

表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的还有thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。例如：一、表语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态如何区分表语从句？He

is

astudent.

主语谓语表语Thereason

isthatheisastudent.

主语谓语表语从句

▲句子做表语就是表语从句。.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用:对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because

Thequestioniswhether

wecanrelyonhim.

That’sbecause

wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasif

hewasgoingtocry.That’swhy

Iwaslate.肯定句：ThatiswhyIwaslate.否定句：Thatisn’twhyIwaslate.一般疑问句：Isthatwhyyouwerelate?不同引导词引导的表语从句由从属连词that

引导的表语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what

和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的表语从句由从属连词whether引导的表语从句（一）引导词123由从属连词whether,asif引导的表语从句1.Thequestionis_______________________2.Iwonder_________________________.

whetheritisworthdoing.

whetheritisrightorwrong

itwasgoingtorainwhether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。

asif表似乎，猜测

Itlookedasif____________________表示好像,犹如Thelittleboytalksasifhewereanadult.asif/asthough引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,seem,sound,become等后面，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。e.g.WhatIwanttosayisthatI’msorry.ThepointisthatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.由从属连词that引导的表语从句注：that在从句中不能省略1.Thatis_________________________.2.Thatwas____________________.3.Theproblemis_____________________.4.Histroubleis______________________.

whatheisworriedabout

whytheymadeabet

howtheycangetfood

wherehecanfindhisbook由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。注意：在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。

Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….注意表语从句的引导词与宾语从句相同.但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.

1.Pleasetellmeyouwillgotothelecturetomorrow.2.Italldependsontheskywillclearup.3.Thequestionisthefilmiswellworthseeing.4.HewillbewelltomorrowIamnotsure.5.itistrueremainsaproblem.关联词比较whether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Thequestioniswhenhewillgotothelibrary.

Thequestionis

whenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.

Thatiswhatisheworriedabout.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）Itiswherehelives.Itiswherehelived10yearsago.三、时态主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Herwishwasthatshecouldloseweightsoon.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.Thequestionwaswhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthatthetrainhadalreadyleft.名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth

或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling等作主语。如：1.Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.2.Thetruthisthatshewastheverypersonwhoinformedagainstherhusband.主语是表示建议、命令、要求、计划（suggestion,advice,order,request,proposal,plan）等的名词的时候，表语从句应该用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。Thesuggestionisthatyou(should)winback.名词从句让步状语从句who表“谁”

/whoever表”….”的任何人表”不论谁”what表”什么”“所….的东西”

/whatever表”…..的任何东西”“无论什么”who/whoever1.Thecompetitioniscoming.willattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.Ibelievetakespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest.what/whatever3.Canyoutellmeyou‘dliketoorder?happens,don’tbesurprised.Allthefoodhereisdelicious.Justorderyoulike.whowhoeverwhatwhateverwhatever1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.

A.whyB.whatC.howD.that

2.