考研考博-英语-攀枝花攀西职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-攀枝花攀西职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

1.Notsatisfiedthathisopinionshouldpasswithoutcontradiction,hewasdeterminedtohaveit______bythesuffrageofeveryoneinthecompany.

2.Ishouldpreferthetitleofancientphilosopher,“acitizenoftheworld’toanyother______whatever.

3.Itworksbyelicitingthegeneralprincipleswhichapplytothefacts,astheyexist,andthenbyanintellectualsurveyof______possibilitieswhichareconsistentwiththoseprinciples.

4.Theypayasmuch______totheunderstandingofamanofanestate,asofamanoflearning.

5.Nay,thereisnostandor______inthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies.

问题1选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

问题2选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

问题3选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

问题4选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

问题5选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

【答案】第1题:J

第2题:E

第3题:F

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.deference遵从，尊重F.alternative可供替代的；可供选择的事物

B.emulation仿效G.multiplicity多样性，多种多样

C.impediment妨碍，阻碍H.alleviate减轻，缓和

D.demonstration示范，证明I.justified有正当理由的；证明……正当

E.appellation名称，称呼J.ratified批准

1.【答案】J

【解题思路】根据have可知，havesth.done为固定搭配，表示“完成某事”，所以空格处要填入一个过去分词，只有I项和J项能选。由句子意思“他决定通过公司全体成员的投票来______他的意见”可知，空格处填入“批准”符合句意。因此，该题选择J项。

【句意】他不满于自己的意见能够毫无异议地获得通过，于是决定通过公司全体成员的投票来批准他的意见。

2.【答案】E

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应为名词。Prefer…to…表示“相比……更喜欢……”，根据前半句中的thetitleof（……的称谓）可知，空格部分表示“称呼”符合句子意思。因此，该题选择E项。

【句意】相对于其他任何称呼，我宁愿称作古代哲人，即一个世界公民。

3.【答案】F

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应为形容词，只有F项和I项能选。根据句子意思“它通过引出适用于存在事实的一般原则，然后对与这些原则相一致的______可能性进行理智的考察来发挥作用”可知，由possibilities可推断，空格处填入alternative符合句意。因此，该题选择F项。

【句意】它通过引出适用于存在事实的一般原则，然后对与这些原则相一致的各种可能性进行理智的考察来发挥作用。

4.【答案】A

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应为含有动作意义的名词。由句意“他们______有学问的人的理解力，同样也______有地位的人的理解力”可知，选项中只有deference符合句子意思。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

【句意】他们既尊重有学问的人的理解力，同样也尊重有地位的人的理解力。

5.【答案】C

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应为名词。由or可知，空格处的词语与前面的stand（停滞）含义相近，选项中只有impediment表示“停滞”的意思。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。

【句意】人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅。

2.单选题

4.

问题1选项

A.Hepreferstotakepillstogetantioxid.

B.Hepreferstogetantioxidantsfromfood.

C.Hedoesn’tmindeatingaloteveryday.

D.Heisovercautioussometimes.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Weneedanti-oxidantstopreventourselvesfromdevelopingcancer,butIdon’tliketakingpillstogetit.

M:Butyouneedtoeatamountainoffoodeverydaytogetalloftheanti-oxidantsyouneed.

W:Idrinkalotofgreentea;Ieatonion,garlicandcitrousfood.Ialsogetninedifferentcolorsofvegetableseveryday.

M:Allthosehaveanti-oxidants,butIwanttobeonthesafeside.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】固定词组。beonthesafeside意为“安全可靠，稳妥”。

3.单选题

TheSpaceAge（）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。

考查动词辨析。initiate开始；创始：发起（及物动词，其后不需跟介词）；originate起源；发生；embark着手；从事；上船或飞机；commence开始（可充当不及物动词，后跟介词in）；着手。空格后有介词in，因此D项正确。

4.单选题

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe（）oflessons.

问题1选项

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在他们教师培训的第一年，学生们为了观摩课程经常参观当地学校。

考查名词辨析。observation监视，观察；investigation调查，研究;inspection检查，视察；examination检查。因此A项符合句意，在此处表示“观摩”。

5.单选题

Westernmovieshavebeensuchfavoritesthattheyhave____thepublic’sconceptionofwhatthewesternworldis.

问题1选项

A.changed

B.dominated

C.constructed

D.complicated

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.changed改变B.dominated控制；支配；主导

C.constructed组成；创建；构建D.complicated使复杂化

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】句意：西方电影是如此受欢迎，以至于它们____公众对西方世界的概念。由此可知，空格处所填词的宾语是“概念”，并且填它是“西方电影是如此受欢迎”的结果。公众们喜欢看西方的电影，通过电影形成了对西方世界的认识，C选项constructed“组成；创建；构建”符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。

【句意】西方电影是如此受欢迎，以至于它们构建了公众对西方世界的概念。

6.单选题

WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.

Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.

Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase“lessismore”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.

Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybutthatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.

TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.

Thetrendtoward“less”wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.

The“CaseStudyHouses”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“lessismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife—fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers—buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.

1.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?

3.Miesheldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign（）.

4.WhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago’sLakeShoreDrive?

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaseStudyHouse”?

问题1选项

A.prosperityandgrowth

B.efficiencyandpracticality

C.restraintandconfidence

D.prideandfaithfulness

问题2选项

A.ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.

B.ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.

C.MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.

D.IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.

问题3选项

A.wasrelatedtolargespace

B.wasidentifiedwithemptiness

C.wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration

D.wasnotassociatedwithefficiency

问题4选项

A.Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.

B.Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.

C.Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.

D.Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.

问题5选项

A.Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.

B.Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration.

C.Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.

D.Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth…”我们倾向于认为二战后的几十年是繁荣和发展的时期。由此可知A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Thephrase‘lessismore’wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.”事实上，“lessismore”一词最初是由一位德国建筑师路德维希•密斯•凡德罗普及的。他和其他与包豪斯设计学院有关的人一样，在二战前移民到美国，并在美国建筑学院任职。由此可知C选项MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.大多数美国建筑师曾经与它联系在一起符合题意。

3.细节事实题。定位到文章第四段“Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.”密斯的名言是，少装饰，合理组织，会产生更大的影响。他认为优雅不是来自丰富。由此可知C选项wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration不依赖于丰富的装饰正确。

4.细节事实题。定位到文章第五段“Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.”但它们之所以受欢迎，是因为它们有通风的玻璃墙，提供的视野，以及建筑的优雅、细节和比例，这种与当时流行的抽象艺术相当的建筑风格。由此可知D选项正确。

5.细节事实题。定位到文章第二段最后一句“InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife—fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers—buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.”在他的个案研究室里，拉尔夫的日常生活——很少有美国家庭购买直升机，但大多数家庭最终都买了干衣机——但他自给自足的信念得到了广泛的认同。由此可知机器设备已经得到使用，因此选项A正确。

7.单选题

Thetwoarticlesarousesuspicion.Thetheory?Thenovel?Sincethereisnosuchthingasthenovel,howcantherebeasingletheory?Oristheeditorsomesoilofmonist?Blinkeredhedgehoginwildfoxcountry?Thejacketidentifiesinwildfoxcountry?ThejacketidentifiesMr.Halperinas“AssociateProfessorandDirectorofGraduateStudiesintheDepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.”Thisistrueacademicweight.“HeisalsotheauthorofTheLanguageofMeditation:FourStudiesinNine-teenth-CenturyFictionandEgoismandSelf-DiscoveryintheVictorianNovel,”Well,meditationifnotlanguageisbiginSouthernCalifornia,wheremanyanavocadotreeshadesitssmogboundZenmaster,whiletheVictoriannovelcontinuestobeagrowthindustryinAcademe.Eagerly,oneturnstoProfessorHalperin’s“ACriticalIntroduction”tonineteenessaysbyasmanyprofessorsofEnglishProfessorHalperinhasnotaneasywaywithourrichlanguage.Nevertheless,oneopenshisbookinthehopethattheproseof“someofthemostdistinguishedcriticsofourtime”willbebetterthanhisown.

AmericanprofessorsofEnglishhaveneverhadaneasytimewithFrenchtheoreticiansofthenovel(closescrutinyofthequotationfromBarthesrevealsthatitwastakenfromanEnglishnotanAmericantranslation).Nevertheless,despitevarioushedgeslike“mayinevitably,”ProfessorHalperinhasrecklesslyenrolledhimselfintheschoolofParis(classof56).Asaresult,hebelievesthattheautonomousnovel“isnotcreatedasaconsciousrepresentationofanythingoutsideitself.”Asidefromthepresumptionofpretendingtoknowwhatanywriterhasinmind(isheinevitablybutnotconsciouslydescribingormimickingtherealworld?),itisnativetoassumethataman-madenovelcaneverresembleameteorfallenfromouterspace,aperfectlyautonomousartifactwhoseraisondetreis“withtherelationshipsamongthevariousstructuralelementswithintheworkoffictionitself”ratherthan“betweenreaderandtext.”ApparentlythenovelisnolongerwhatJamesconceivedit,astorytold,inProfessorHalperin’shappyphrase,from“thelimitedperspectiveofasinglesentientconsciousness.”Andso,indubiousbattle,unconscioussentienciesclashintheEnglishdepartmentsoftheWestwithinsentientconsciousnesses.

Ingeneral,ProfessorHalperin’snovel-theoristshavenothingveryurgentorinterestingtosayaboutliterature.Whythendotheywritewhentheyhavenothingtosay?Becausetheambitiousteachercanonlyriseintheacademicbureaucracybywritingatcomplicatedlengthaboutwritingthathasalreadybeenmuchwrittenabout.Theresultofallthisbook-chatcannotinterestanyonewhoknowsliteraturewhilethosewhowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutbookscanonlybemystifiedanddiscouragedbythesecommentaries.CertainlyitisnoaccidentthatthenumberofstudentstakingEnglishcourseshasbeenindeclineforsomeyears.Butthatisbesidethepoint.Whatmattersisthattheeffortsoftheteachersnowunderreviewadduptoatleastahalfmillenniumofacademictenure.

Rebirthofthenovel?Thatseemsunlikely.TheUniversity-noveltendstobestillborn,suitableonlyforclassroombiopsy.ThePublic-novelcontinuestobewrittenbuttheaudienceforitisreadinganythingatalldifficultandunrewarding.AmbitiousnovelistsarepoignantlyawareofthegeneraldeclineinwhatProfessorHalperinwouldcall“readingskills”.MuchofMr.DonaldBarthelme’smeanstobeironic.Ofcourseheknowshisbookisnotveryinterestingtoread,butthenlifeisnotveryinterestingtoliveeither.Hopefully,asProfessorHalperinwouldsay,thebookwillself-destructonceithasbeenrituallypraisedwhereverEnglishistaughtbutnotlearned.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsJohnHalperin’scredentialsandpastpublicationsisbestdescribedas（

）.

2.Theauthorarguesthatcontemporaryliterarycriticismproducedbytheacademy（

）.

3.Theauthordifferentiatesbetweentwotypesofnovels:

（

）.

4.Theauthoriscriticaloftheideathatthenovel

（

）.

5.TheauthorofthisessaybelievesthatHalperin（

）.

问题1选项

A.collegial

B.condescending

C.compassionate

D.cynical

问题2选项

A.isstronglyinfluencedbycriticalworkswrittenbyFrenchphilosophers

B.isusefulonlyinsofarasissecuresitsauthor’sacademiccareer

C.reflectsanunhealthysenseofnihilism

D.servesasanexampleoftheinterface“betweenreaderandtext”

问题3选项

A.oneartfullycreatedforpeoplewholovetoread,theothersloppedtogetherforscholasticanalysis

B.onewell-writtenandintendedforscholars,theotherpoorly-writtenandintendedforthepublic

C.thosethatareworthwhileandthosethatareproducedforthemass-market

D.onethatislifelessandmeantforanalysisbythepublic,theotherpoorly-writtenandmeantforthereadingenjoymentofthepublic

问题4选项

A.meansmanydifferentthingstomanydifferentpeople

B.istheresultofauthorialintentandinteractionwiththeoutsideworld

C.isacollaborativework

D.iscreatedandbeunderstoodentirelyofandwithinitself

问题5选项

A.hascreatedausefulandwell-writtenanthology

B.ultimatelymakesvaluable,ifcontroversial,claimsaboutmodernliterature

C.isabetteranalystthanwriter

D.assumestoomuchaboutfictionwriters’intentionsandmindsets

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.观点态度题。对于Halperin教授头衔的学术分量，作者认为“Thisistrueacademicweight.”但是文章中引用了一些加引号的语句，充满了讽刺感。尤其第一段最后一句话“Nevertheless,oneopenshisbookinthehopethattheproseof'someofthemostdistinguishedcriticsofourtime'willbebetterthanhisown.”更是表明了作者对其的讽刺意味。因此D选项符合题意。

第2题:2.事实细节题。文章第三段提到“Becausetheambitiousteachercanonlyriseintheacademicbureaucracybywritingatcomplicatedlengthaboutwritingthathasalreadybeenmuchwrittenabout.”可知有远大目标的教师写文章的目的是提升学术地位。因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。文章第四段提到“TheUniversity-noveltendstobestillborn,suitableonlyforclassroombiopsy.ThePublic-novelcontinuestobewrittenbuttheaudienceforitisreadinganythingatalldifficultandunrewarding”大学类小说适合上课用，大众类小说通俗易懂，但没有多少阅读价值。因此B选项“一篇写得很好，是为学者准备的，另一篇写得很差，是为公众准备的”符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章第二段提到了Halperin教授对小说的观点“Asaresult,hebelievesthattheautonomousnovel‘isnotcreatedasaconsciousrepresentationofanythingoutsideitself’…ApparentlythenovelisnolongerwhatJamesconceivedit,astorytold,inProfessorHalperin’shappyphrase,from‘thelimitedperspectiveofasinglesentientconsciousness.’”他认为小说就是讲故事，除了小说本身，不会再传递其他信息或表示其他任何事物。因此D选项符合题意。

第5题:5.观点态度题。作者认为Halperin教授“havenothingveryurgentorinterestingtosayaboutliterature”，排除A和B选项；C选项“与其说是个作家，不如说是分析家”未提及。第二段提到了Halperin教授认为小说的价值在于“与小说本身各类结构元素之间的关系”，而不是“读者与文本之间”，因此D选项“假设太多关于小说作者的意图和心态”符合题意。

8.单选题

IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

问题1选项

A.fabulous

B.gracious

C.handsome

D.prominent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。fabulous“难以置信的；极好的”；gracious“亲切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，显著的”。句意：我经常吃中餐，但是我无法想象真正的中式宴会会有多么好，多么奢侈。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Lastyearourschoolfootballteamwonfour（）games.

问题1选项

A.obsessive

B.concessive

C.successive

D.excessive

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。obsessive强迫性的，着迷的；concessive让步的，妥协的;successive连续的，接替的；excessive过度的。句意：去年我们学校足球队连续赢了四场比赛。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

SomeBritishuniversitiesarestate-supported,othersareprivately（

）andstillothersaresupportedbyreligiousorigination.

问题1选项

A.ensured

B.attributed

C.authorized

D.endowed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ensure“保证，确保”；attribute“归属，把······归于”；authorize“批准，认可”；endow“资助，捐赠”。根据前半句句意“一些英国大学是政府创建的”，后半句“其他有些由宗教组织资助”，可以推出空格处要填入support的同义词，所以选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Lessthantwomonthsintoherbreastcancertreatment,AlexandraJn-CharleswascalledintoanewroomatSUNYDownstateMedicalCenter,wheretwotreatingphysicians,thechiefmedicalofficerandanattorneyrepresentingthehospitaltoldherthatmistakeshadbeenmade.

Theskinlesions(病变)onherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessions,butatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation.

Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.Theworstoffhavereportedskindamage,inexplicablehairlossandribs(肋骨)bucklingbeneaththeirchests—debilitatinginjuriessufferedwhileundergoingscreeningortreatmentforsomethingthatwouldotherwisekillthem.Asteeppriceforsurvival.

Thesetragediesgotothecoreofanissueaspressingasitisuncomfortabletothinkabout:Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?

Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingnumberofhealthexperts,isyes.Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“Whatwedoasphysiciansarguablyharmspeople,”JamesEhrlich,aclinicalassociateprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoandanadviserforPremierMicronutrientCorp.,toldNewsweek.

Ajarringexampleofthatcamein2010,whenWaltBogdanichpublishedanextensivereviewinTheNewYorkTimesthatlistednumerouspatientswhoseliveshadbeendestroyedbymistakesinhospitalimagingandradiotherapy.Shortlyafterthearticleserieswenttopress,theFoodandDrugAdministrationbegantorampupitseffortstolimitexcessiveexposure,eventuallylaunchingitsInitiativetoReduceUnnecessaryRadiationExposureFromMedicalImaging.

AlongwithorganizationsliketheAmericanCollegeofRadiology,theFDAnowsupportsanumberofso-calleddoseregistriesthatallowfacilitiestocompareradiationdoseindexestoregionalandnationalvalues.Todate,hundredsoffacilitiesacrosstheU.S.haveenrolled.

ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients:A2012paperbytheInstituteofMedicinefoundthatmedicalimagingisoneoftheleadingenvironmentalcausesofbreastcancer_____.

1.TheskindamageonJn-Charles’chestwascausedby_____.

2.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoexplainbyexemplifyingJn-Charles?

3.WhatcanbelearntabouttheCTscan?

4.Whatdoestheword“rampup”mean?

5.TheauthorthinksFDA’ssolutiontoreduceradiationexposureis_____.

问题1选项

A.breastcancer

B.advancedtechnology

C.over-radiation

D.treatmentmethods

问题2选项

A.Thereisnoneedtowastesomuchmoneyfortotreatbreastcancer.

B.Untilnow,breastcancerisstillanincurableillnessaroundtheworld.

C.Thereisanincreasingnumberofyoungpeoplesufferingfromcancer.

D.ThereareincidentsofexcessiveirradiationofpatientsinAmerica.

问题3选项

A.Itisadouble-edgedswordinthetermofcancer.

B.Ithasbeenarguedinthemedicalprofession.

C.Itismuchsafertobeusedtotreatbreastcancer.

D.Theradiationdosagescanbecontrolledeasily.

问题4选项

A.Heatup.

B.Drawout.

C.Intensify.

D.Putup.

问题5选项

A.ineffective

B.loose

C.harmful

D.unnecessary

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段第一句话Theskinlesionsonherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessionbutatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation“他们说：她胸部的皮肤损伤不是因为她的病而是因为应该治好她的机器。这位32岁的患者接受了近30次放疗但在这一点上，没有真正的意义去计算它们，因为一个程序错误导致每个装置提供了至少三倍于规定的辐射量”，第二步，综合理解，由此可知答案选C选项“过度放疗”。

A选项“乳腺癌”，见正确选项解析，可知Ａ选项错误，属于反向干扰；

B选项“先进的科技”，定位到文章第四段第二句话Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?“技术的进步、治疗方法的改进和更全面的筛查方案是否导致了对患者的系统性、过度照射？”文章虽然有提到先进技术，但这不是Jn-Charles胸部受伤的原因，这里属于出处错误；

D选项“治疗方法”，见正确选项解析，是因为程序错误导致患者接受了三倍的辐射，所以才造成患者出现灼伤，如果按照规定辐射来可能不会出现这种情况，所以不能选D选项，属于曲解文意。

2.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一句话Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.“在这次会议结束两年半后的2005年，Jn-Charles去世了，他最终成为美国医院意外过度辐射的典型例子”，由此可知答案选D选项“在美国也有病人接受过度照射的案例”。

A选项“没有必要浪费这么多钱去治疗乳腺癌”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不能选；

B选项“到目前为止，乳腺癌在世界范围内仍是一种不治之症”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不能选；

C选项“越来越多的年轻人患癌症”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不能选。

3.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段第二句Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.“例如，CT扫描在应对不断上升的癌症发病率时已变得司空见惯，但它本身被认为会增加一个人患癌症的可能性”，第二步综合理解，从这里可知，在检测是否患癌症时，医生一般会用CT，但是CT会让使用者更容易得癌，所以说CT是把有利有弊的双刃剑，正确答案选A选项“对于癌症来说，这是一把双刃剑”。

B选项“医学界对此一直争论不休”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，不选；

C选项“用于治疗乳腺癌要安全得多”，定位到第五段倒数第二句话ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“这种扫描产生的辐射量是X射线的数百倍——即使严格遵循指导方针和剂量”由此可知C选项错误这里属于反向干扰；

D选项“辐射剂量很容易控制”，虽然这里有提到剂量，但是没有提到剂量是否容易控制，而且文章病例是因为过度辐射而造成的，所以文章暗含着其实剂量不容易控制，这里属于无中生有。

4.词汇推断题。第一步，句中前后信息连接，rampup前面接的是一个机构后面接的是努力，第二步，上下文语义推测，整段的大意是一个令人吃惊的案例发表之后获得很大的关注，然后某机构出来推动限制使用辐射，避免患者过多暴露在辐射中，由上下文意可知，该机构在收到反馈之后是加大自己的努力，从这里可知答案选C选项“增强，强化”。

A选项“加热，升温”，不符合文章意思，属于无中生有；

B选项“拟定，导致”；

D选项“提供；建造”。

5.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到文章最后一段一二句ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients．．．“但FDA的监管机构一般只关注设备制造商，无法保证州一级的合规。即使是符合规定的医疗机构也有对病人进行过度辐射的风险……”，由此可见作者对FDA所采取的措施有效与否是持否定态度的，所以答案选A选项“无效的”。

B选项“松散的”，文章并没有提及FDA在实施这些措施的时候是否严格，所以B选项不能选，属于无中生有；

C选项“有害的”，文章没有提到有害之处，属于无中生有；

D选项“没必要的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

12.单选题

Hisparentsgavehimmanyexpensivetoysassomeformof（

）forhislamenessandinabilitytoplayactivegames.

问题1选项

A.remedy

B.compensation

C.treatment

D.comfort

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项remedy“补救”；B选项compensation“补偿，报酬”；C选项treatment“治疗，处理”；D选项comfort“安慰，舒适”。句意：他的父母给了他许多昂贵的玩具，作为他跛脚而不能玩活动类游戏的某种补偿。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespooks(间谍)callit“open-sourceintelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

FriedmanreliesonaleanStaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback