考研考博-英语-南阳职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南阳职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Amywaselectedchairmanofthecommitteebya（

）vote.

问题1选项

A.ambiguous

B.synonymous

C.simultaneous

D.unanimous

【答案】D

【解析】ambiguous模糊不清的；synonymous同义的；simultaneous同时发生的；unanimous全体一致的。句意:艾米经全体一致投票当选为委员会主席。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（

）whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

问题1选项

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项discharged“排出，卸货”；B选项discarded“丢弃，废弃”；C选项disposed“处理，配置”；D选项dumped“倾销，抛售”。

句意：当一种产品以低于正常价值的价格引进另一个国家时，就被视为倾销。选项D更符合语境。

3.单选题

Iwasbornin1927,theonlychildofmiddle-classparents.IwassenttoapublicschoolIwastedtwoyearsdoingmynationalservice,IwenttoOxford;andthereIbegantodiscoverIwasnotthepersonIwantedtobe. 

IhadlongbeforemadethediscoverythatIlackedtheparentsandancestorsIneeded.Myfatherwas,throughbeingtherightageattherighttimeratherthanthroughanygreatprofessionaltalent,aseniorArmyofficer;andmymotherwastheverymodelofawould-bemajorgeneral'swife,Thatis,sheneverarguedwithhimandalwaysbehavedasifhewerelisteninginthenextroom,evenwhenhewasthousandsofmilesaway.

Likeallmennotreallyuptotheirjob,hewasasticklerforexternalsandpettyquotidianthings;andinlieuofanintellecthehadaccumulatedanarmoryofcapitalizedkey-wordslikeDisciplineandTraditionandResponsibility.IfIeverdared—Iseldomdid—toarguewithhim,hewouldproduceoneofthesetotemwordsandcoshmewithit,asnodoubtinsimilarcircumstanceshecoshedhissubordinates,onestillrefusedtoliedownanddie,helost,orloosed,histemper.Histemperwaslikeaviolentreddog,andhealwayshaditclosetohand.

Duringmylastyearsatschool,IrealizedthatwhatwasreallywrongwithmyparentswasthattheyhadnothingbutablanketcontemptforthesortoflifeIwantedtolead.Iwas"good"atEnglish,Ihadpoemsprintedpseudonymouslyintheschoolmagazine.IthoughtD.H.Lawrencethegreatesthumanbeingofthecentury.MyparentshadcertainlyneverreadLawrence,andhadprobablyneverheardofhim.Therewerethings,Icertainemotionalgentlenessinmymother,anoccasionaleuphoricjollinessinmyfather,Icouldhavebornemoreof;butalwaysIlikedinthemthethingstheydidn'twanttobelikedfor.BythetimeIwaseighteentheyhadbecomemereproviders,forwhomIhadtoexhibitatokengratitude,butforwhomIcouldn'tfeelmuchelse.

Iledtwolives.AtschoolIgotasmallreputationasawartimeaestheteandcynic.Buthadtojointheregiment-TraditionandSacrificepressgangedmeintothat,Iinsisted,andluckilytheheadmasterofmyschoolbackedme,thatIwantedtogotouniversityafterwards.Iwentonleadingadoublelifeinthearmy,queasilyplayingatbeingBrigadier“Blazer”Urfe’ssoninpublic,andnervouslyreading“PenguinNewWriting”andpoetrypamphletsinprivate.AssoonasIcould,Igotmyselfdemobilized.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thebasicconflictbetweentheauthorandhisparentsisconflictof（）

2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthorusedmanyphrasessuchas“throughbeingtherightageattherighttimeratherthanthroughanygreatprofessionaltalent”justtoasserthisfather's（）

4.Bysaying“Icouldhavebornemoreof”(Para.4),theauthormeans（）

5.Thephrase“inlieuof”inParagraph3canbereplacedby（）

问题1选项

A.emotions

B.aesthetictheories

C.literary

D.values

问题2选项

A.Theauthor'smotherwasahumbleandsubmissivewoman

B.Theauthor'sfatherhadanexplosivetemper

C.Theauthor'smotheralwaysinsistedontrivialeverydaymatters

D.Theauthor'sfatheralwaysinsistedonsurfaceappearances

问题3选项

A.complacence

B.inadequacy

C.nostrum

D.indecorum

问题4选项

A.“Ishouldhavedesiredmoreof”

B.“Ioughttohavegotmoreof”

C.“Iwouldnothavemindedmoreof”

D.“Ishouldnothavetoleratemoreof”

问题5选项

A.insteadof

B.without

C.forthesakeof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章第四段第一句Duringmylastyearsatschool,IrealizedthatwhatwasreallywrongwithmyparentswasthattheyhadnothingbutablanketcontemptforthesortoflifeIwantedtolead可知作者与父母的矛盾在于父母看不起作者想要的生活，所以可以推断出他们之间是价值观存在分歧。选项D符合题意。

第2题:文章第三段最后一句Histemperwaslikeaviolentreddog,andhealwayshaditclosetohand提到父亲的脾气像一条疯狗，所以选项B可以排除；文章第三段第一句Likeallmennotreallyuptotheirjob,hewasasticklerforexternalsandpettyquotidianthings提到父亲是一个非常注重外表的人，选项D可以排除；文章第二段最后一句Thatis,sheneverarguedwithhimandalwaysbehavedasifhewerelisteninginthenextroom,evenwhenhewasthousandsofmilesaway提到母亲从来不会与父亲争论，所以选项A可以排除。因此选项C符合题意。

第3题:文章第二段第二句Myfatherwas,throughbeingtherightageattherighttimeratherthanthroughanygreatprofessionaltalent,aseniorArmyofficer，作者认为父亲得到职位靠得是机遇，而不是能力，作者认为父亲资质不够，选项B符合题意。

第4题:文章第四段第五句Therewerethings,Icertainemotionalgentlenessinmymother,anoccasionaleuphoricjollinessinmyfather,Icouldhavebornemoreof;butalwaysIlikedinthemthethingstheydidn'twanttobelikedfor提到作者渴望有一个温柔的母亲和一个偶尔兴高采烈的父亲，但是我喜欢那些他们不希望我喜欢的东西。可以推断作者并没有这样的父母，而是希望有，选项A符合题意。

第5题:insteadof“不是……而是”；without“没有”；forthesakeof“为了”；byvirtueof“由于”。文章第三段第一句的后半句andinlieuofanintellecthehadaccumulatedanarmoryofcapitalizedkey-wordslikeDisciplineandTraditionandResponsibility提到作者父亲积累的很多关键词，但是没有积累多少智慧。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

WhenthepeopleatthefrontdeskofthehotelneartheoilfiledheardthatmycolleagueandIwerefromChina,theyletuspayahigherpriceforourroomsthanlocalpeople.

问题1选项

A.thepeopleatthefrontdesk

B.neartheoilfiled

C.letuspay

D.forourroomsthanlocalpeople

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。let改为make。letsb.do侧重表示“允许做某事”,而句中侧重表示"让做某事，使做某事"。makesb.do使做某事。

5.单选题

Ourvacationtothetropicalbeachresortwasvery（）untilthehurricanecame.

问题1选项

A.adverse

B.maximum

C.constrained

D.serene

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adverse“不利的；相反的；敌对的”；B选项maximum“最多的；最大极限的”；C选项constrained“拘泥的；被强迫的；不舒服的”；D选项serene“平静的；晴朗的”。句意：在这场暴风来临之前，我们去热带海滩度假胜地的度假是非常平静的。结合此处语义，D选项正确。

6.单选题

Whenthestormbroke,theflockofsheepwere______inalldirections.

问题1选项

A.straying

B.dispersing

C.separating

D.distributing

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.straying迷路，偏离B.dispersing分散，散开

C.separating分离D.distributing分发，分配

【考查点】固定用法。

【解题思路】由空格后面的inalldirections可知，disperseinalldirections为固定用法，表示“纷纷四散”。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项strayin（误入，流浪到）、D选项distributein（分布在）不符合句子意思；

C选项不与in搭配。

【句意】暴风雨来临时，羊群纷纷四散了。

7.单选题

Rosefeels______abouttheweekendinVermont.Shewantstogo,butshealsowantstostayathome.

问题1选项

A.atheistic

B.ambiguous

C.ambivalent

D.ascetic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项atheistic“无神论的，无神论者的”，B项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的”，C项ambivalent“矛盾的，好恶相克的”，D项ascetic“苦行的，禁欲主义的”。根据后面句子的意思“她想去，但她也想呆在家里”可知，“矛盾的”符合语境。句意：罗斯对去佛蒙特州度周末感到矛盾；她想去，但她也想呆在家里。因此，该题选择C项。

8.单选题

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas（

）asitislovely.

问题1选项

A.fragile

B.frigid

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B选项frigid“严寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C选项strident“刺耳的”；D选项tedious“冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的”。由“有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又______，又可爱”可知空格处的词语要与cobweb（蜘蛛网）在逻辑上搭配，且与lovely的感情色彩一致，因此选A。句意：有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又脆弱又可爱。

9.单选题

OscarWildesaidthatworkistherefugeofpeoplewhohavenothingbettertodo.Ifso,Americansarenowamongtheworld'ssaddestrefugees.FactoryworkersintheUnitedStatesareworkinglongerhoursthanatanytimeinthepasthalf-century.Americaonceledtherichworldincuttingtheaverageworkingweek-from70hoursin1850tolessthan40hoursbythe1950s.Itseemednaturalthataspeoplegrewrichertheywouldtradeextrasearningsformoreleisure.Sincethe1970s,however,thehoursclockedupbyAmericanworkershaverisentoanaverageof42thisyearinmanufacturing.

Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:Americansarespendingmoretimeatworkthantheydid20yearsago.Executivesandlawyersboastof80-hourweeks.Onholiday,theyseekoutfaxmachinesandphonesaseagerlyasGermansbagthebestsun-loungers.YetworkingtimeinEuropeandJapancontinuestofall.InGermany'sengineeringindustrytheworkingweekistobetrimmedfrom36to35hoursnextyearMostGermansgetsixweeks’paidannualholiday,eventheJapanesenowtakethreeweeks.Americansstillmakedowithjusttwo.

Germanyrespondstothiscontrastwithitsusualconcernaboutwhetherpeople'saversiontoworkisdamagingitscompetitiveness.YetGermanworkers,liketheJapanese,seemtobeactingsensibly:astheirincomesrise,theycanachieveabetterstandardoflivingwithfewerhoursofwork.ThepuzzleiswhyAmerica,theworld'srichestcountry,seesthingsdifferently.Itisapuzzlewithsinistersocialimplications.Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?

SomeexplanationsforAmerica’stimeatworkfailtostanduptoscrutiny.Oneblamesweaktradeunionsthatleaveworkersopentoexploitation.Areworkersbeingforcedbycost-cuttingfirmstotoilharderjusttokeeptheirjobs?ArecentstudybytwoAmericaneconomists,RichardFreemanandLindaBell,suggestsnot:whenasked,Americansactuallywanttoworklongerhours.MostGermanworkers,incontrast,wouldratherworkless.

Then,whydoAmericanswanttoworkharder?OnereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmanyAmericanshavebeenstagnantorfallingduringthepasttwodecades.Peopleworklongermerelytomaintaintheirlivingstandards.Yetmanyhigherskilledworkers,whohaveenjoyedbigincreasesintheirrealpay,havebeenworkinghardertoo.Also,onereasonfortheslowgrowthofwageshasbeentherapidgrowthinemployment-whichismoreorlesswheretheargumentbegan.

Taxesmayhavesomethingtodowithit.PeoplewhoworkanextrahourinAmericaareallowedtokeepmoreoftheirmoneythanthosewhodothesameinGermany.FallsinmarginaltaxratesinAmericasincethe1970shavemadeitallthemoreprofitabletoworklonger.

Noneoftheseanswersreallyexplainswhythecentury-longdeclineinworkinghourshasgoneintoreverseinAmericabutnotelsewhere(thoughBritainshowsignsoffollowingAmerica’slead).Perhapsculturaldifferences--thelastrefugeofthedefeatedeconomistsareatplay.Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,theirincentivetoworkwouldbeeroded,likelionsrelaxingafterakill.Buthumansaremoresusceptibletoadvertisingthanlions.Perhapsclevermarketinghasensuredthat“basicneeds”--forashowerwithbuilt-inTV,forarocket-propelledcar—expandcontinuously.ShoppingisalreadyoneofAmerica’smostpopularpastimes.Butitrequiresmoney—hencemoreworkandlessleisure.Ortrythis,thetelevisionisnotverygood,andbaseballandhockeykeepbeingwipedoutbystrikes.PerhapsWildewasright.MaybeAmericanshavenothingbettertodo.

1.IntheUnitedStates,workinglongerhoursis（

）.

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichmightbeoneoftheconsequencesofworkinglongerhours?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthecauseofworkinglongerhoursstatedbythewriter?

问题1选项

A.confinedtothemanufacturingindustry

B.atraditionalpracticeinsomesectors

C.prevalentinallsectorsofsociety

D.favoredbytheeconomists

问题2选项

A.Riseinemployees’workingefficiency

B.Riseinthenumberofyoungoffenders

C.Riseinpeople’slivingstandards

D.Riseincompetitiveness

问题3选项

A.Expansionofbasicneeds

B.Culturaldifferences

C.Increaseinrealearnings

D.Advertising

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:...几项研究表明，制造业以外也在发生类似的事情:...”也就是说，除了制造业，美国其他行业里工作时间也很长，所以选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段最后两句“Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?父母花在孩子身上的时间更少，他们（孩子）可能会被长时间的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趋势，这仅仅是个巧合吗?”由此可知，长时间工作的结果将会导致青少年犯罪数量的增加。选项B符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“这些答案都不能真正解释为什么美国的工作时间长达一个世纪的下降趋势已经逆转，而其他地方却没有(尽管英国有迹象表明正在步美国的后尘)。也许文化差异——失败经济学家的最后避难所——正在发挥作用。”这里提到文化差异的问题，但这并不是美国人长时间工作的原因。下文提到“Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,...经济学家过去认为，一旦工人挣到足够的钱来满足他们的基本需求和一些奢侈品...”由此可知，真正的原因是为了扩大基本需求，所以选项A正确。

10.单选题

Thatwasaman-madedisasterthatclearly[A]couldhaveavertedifthefederalgovernment,specificallytheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,[B]hadquicklymarshaled[C]thepoliticalwillandresourcestoevacuatethosewithoutaccesstocars,insteadofpromotingonitsWebsiteafaith-basedcharity[D]thatwasclearlynomatchfortheproblem.

问题1选项

A.couldhaveaverted

B.hadquicklymarshaled

C.thepoliticalwill

D.thatwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。A选项前的主语aman-madedisaster“人为的灾难”，与avert“避免”之间应为被动关系，应将couldhaveaverted改为couldhavebeenaverted。

11.单选题

ProfessorJohnsonplannedtogoovermypapersentencebysentencewithmeinhisofficethismorning,buthehasn't（

）yet.

问题1选项

A.turnedround

B.turnedup

C.turnedon

D.turnedin

【答案】B

【解析】动词短语词义辨析。A选项的turnround=turnaround“转身，转向，归航，转变”；B选项的turnup“出现，露面，发生，开大（收音机、电视等）的音量”；C选项的turnon“打开，发动”；D选项的turnin“交上，归还，告发”。根据句意‘约翰逊教授计划今天早上和我一起在他办公室逐句检查我的论文，但他还没来’确定B选项正确。

12.翻译题

Formostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitside.Inadequacyofenergyresourcesofthetechnologiesforharvesting,converting,anddistributingthoseresourceshasmeantinsufficientenergybenefitstohumanbeingsandhenceinconvenience,andconstraintsonitsgrowth.The1970’s，then,representedaturningpoint.Energywasseentobegettingcostlierinallrespects.Itbegantobebelievablethatexcessiveenergycostscouldposethreatsonaparwiththoseofinsufficientsupply.Italsobecamepossibletothinkthatexpandingsomeformsofenergysupplycouldcreatecostsexceedingthebenefits.

Thecrucialquestionatthebeginningofthe1990'siswhetherthetrendthatbeganinthe1970’swillprovetobetemporaryorpermanent.Istheeraofcheapenergyreallyover,orwillacombinationofnewresources,newtechnologyandchanginggeopoliticsbringitback?Onekeydeterminantoftheansweristhestaggeringscaleofenergydemandbroughtforthby100yearsofpopulationgrowthandindustrialdemand.

ExceptforthehugepoolofoilunderlyingtheMiddleEast,thecheapestoilandgasarealreadygone.Evenifafewmoregiantoilfieldsarediscovered,theywillmakelittledifferenceagainstconsumptionontoday’sscale.Oilandgaswillhavetocomeincreasingly,formostcountries,fromdeeperintheearthandfromimportswhosereliabilityandaffordabilitycannotbeguaranteed.

【答案】在人类历史发展的长河中，人们主要关心的是能源有利的一面。能源资源不足，或者为开采、加工和分配这些资源所需技术的不足，会影响能源为人类带来的利益，同时意味着能源的增长遭到干扰和限制。到了20世纪70年代，出现了一个转折点，能源多方成本所带来的威胁已同能源供应不足所产生的威胁不相上下。同时，也有人担心，依靠扩大能源资源增加供应所需付出的代价，也许大于其所带来的利益。

20世纪90年代初期人们关注的焦点在于，这种始于70年代的能源发展趋势是暂时的还是长远的。廉价能源时代真的一去不返，还是通过开发新能源、应用新技术、改革地缘政治秩序等措施，有可能重登历史舞台？这个问题的一个关键因素是过去100年以来因人口空前增长带来巨大的能源需求以及工业需求。

除了中东地区蕴藏着巨大的石油资源以外，地球上廉价的油气资源已经不复存在。即使偶尔找到几个大油田，同当今巨大的能源消耗相比，也是杯水车薪。对于大多数国家来说，资源越来越多地依赖于深层埋藏，越来越多地依赖进口，且不说进口油气资源的可靠性无法得到保障，其对于进口国的购买力也是一个考验。

13.单选题

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism(apreoccupationwithorstressuponmaterialratherthanintellectualorspiritualthings),butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecoiningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfrom18th-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinlines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeoplein18th-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,18th-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（）.

问题1选项

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachesto18th-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabout18th-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

问题2选项

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

问题3选项

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

问题4选项

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

问题5选项

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:信息推断题。根据第一段的内容可知第一句为本段的中心句。作者列举McKendrick和Plumb是为了说明他们做了相关的研究发现了人们对奢侈商品和服务需求的增加。所以选项C正确。

第2题:细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句“onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.”只有实际消费者写的相关私人资料才能让人精确掌握"他想要什么"。选项B符合原文。

第3题:信息推断题。根据关键词“Thompson”定位在第二段的后半部分“...,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral.”Thompson可能夸大了劳动人民对资本主义消费方式的抵抗情绪。所以选项D敌对的，符合原文。

第4题:信息归纳题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要就“消费者为什么变得那么急于购物”的原因展开，作者提到两个原因但给出了自己的质疑，随后给出自己的见解，即作者认为人们喜爱购物是一种自我满足的形式。所以选项B正确。

第5题:信息推断题。题干中的"thecontemporaryworld"与最后一段中的"ourownworld"同义。所以根据最后一段的最后一句“theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.”18世纪英国对那些有用的琐碎商品及服务的不知足预示了我们目前这个世界的特征。所以选项D共同点在于他们对不同商品的强烈追求，符合原文。

14.单选题

Mr.Hopkins,wholostaleginacaraccident,hadnowbeenfittedwitha(n)（）limb.

问题1选项

A.substitute

B.attachment

C.artificial

D.extra

【答案】C

【解析】考查语义和形容词名词辨析。A选项substitute“替代品”；B选项attachment“附件”；C选项artificial“人造的”；D选项extra“额外的”。句意：霍普金斯先生在一次车祸中失去了一条腿，现在已经装上了假肢。本句表示装上假肢的表达是artificiallimb，C选项artificial“人造的”符合句意。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Themost（）studentsdoadditionalreadingtosupplementthematerialinthetextbook.

问题1选项

A.gifted

B.sensitive

C.proficient

D.diligent

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。gifted有天赋的；sensitive敏感的；proficient熟练的；diligent勤勉的，用功的。句意：最勤奋的学生通常会做课外阅读来补充教材中的内容。选项D符合句意。

16.单选题

Our（

）withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.

问题1选项

A.arrival

B.encounter

C.endeavor

D.refreshment

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意:我们在机场偶遇总统,这真的令人激动不已。只有选项B符合句意。

17.单选题

Graphenemustsurelybeoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsinmodernscience.Indeed,thesubstanceissoextraordinarythatitsoundstoogoodtobetrue—asuperflexiblesheetofcarbon,justasingleatomthick,whichisnotonlythethinnestandstrongestmaterialyetknownbutalsoconductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.

WehavetwoscientistsattheUniversityofManchestertothankforgraphene.WhatbeganwithAndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovplayingaroundwithScotchtapeandablockofcarbongraphiteturnedintothediscoveryoftheso-called“miraclematerial”(andajointNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2010).

Now,ofcourse,theraceisontoputgraphenetouse.Eventhemoresoberpredictionsreadlikesciencefiction.Fromcheapdesalinationfilterstosolvetheworld’screepingwatercrisis,tonext-generationelectronicswithfoldabletouch-screensandultra-speedybiodegradableprocessors,tosuperstrongbutsuperlightweightcarsandairplanes,ifjustafractionofgraphene’spotentialisfulfilleditwillchangetheworld.Andthatiswithoutevenconsideringeitherthebiomedicalorthemilitarypossibilities.Norareresearchershangingback;in2012alone,some10,000paperswerepublishedonthesubject.

Britainmaybethebirthplaceofgraphene,butwewillstillhavetoworkhardtohangontoourgloballeadasscientistsandentrepreneursacrosstheworlddashforcompetitiveadvantage.Thegoodnewsisthatrealeffortsarebeingmadetobridgethelong-standinggapbetweenuniversityresearchandcommercialproductsthatsooftenleavestheUKlaggingbehind,forexample,theUS.TheGovernmenthasgivenmorethan£60m,andgrapheneresearchcentersareunderconstructioninbothManchesterandCambridge.

Buttherearealreadysignsofprogress.Yesterday,AppliedGrapheneMaterials一aspin-offfromDurhamUniversity—becamethesecondmanufacturerofthematerialtolistsuccessfullyonthestockmarketthisyear.Bothitsfounders’ambitionsandbeliefsinthemarewhollyjustified.Graphene’spotentialislimitedonlybyourimaginations.

1.Thearticleiswrittenmainlyto（）.

2.WhichisNOTapropertyofgrapheneaccordingtothepassage?

3.ItcanbeinferredthatthepastgrapheneresearchintheUKwas（）.

4.Therearegoodreasonsforinvestorstobelieveinthefounders’ambitionsforgraphenebecause（）.

问题1选项

A.urgeBritonstoholdtheleadingraphene

B.introducethenewmaterialgraphenetoreaders

C.informreadersofthelimitlesspotentialsofgraphene

D.reporttheconstructionofUK’sgrapheneresearchcenters

问题2选项

A.Itisthethinnestandstrongestsubstance.

B.Itisasuperbconductorofgas.

C.Itisoneofthemoststretchablematerials.

D.Itisaspecialkindofcarbon.

问题3选项

A.puttodashforacompetitiveadvantage

B.faraheadoftheUSinmarketing

C.turnedintoalotofsciencefiction

D.isolatedinuniversityexperimentlabs

问题4选项

A.humanimaginationscangoasfarastheycan

B.thereisnogapbetweenresearchandproducts

C.thestockmarketintheUKissuccessful

D.thenewmaterialhashugeroomforprofit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段简单介绍了石墨烯,三四段提到石墨烯的竞争优势,最后一段提到,石墨烯的潜力仅受我们想象力的限制。潜在意思就是石墨烯的潜力是无限的,所以作者的目的也是想让读者了解石墨烯的无限潜力。选项C正确。

2.根据第一段后半部分对石墨烯的描述可知选项A,C,D均是石墨烯的特征,只有选项B错误。“conductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.”石墨烯可以传导热,光,电,但是无法传导气体。

3.根据倒数第二段第一句“Britainmaybethebirthplace...dashforcompetitiveadvantage.”英国可能是石墨烯的诞生地,但是我们仍然需要继续努力保持全球领先地位,因为全世界的科学家和企业家都在争取竞争优势。选择A符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知,这里已经有发展的迹象。昨天,石墨烯材料应用公司(杜伦大学的附属品牌)成为本年度第二个成功上市的石墨烯生产商,而石墨烯的潜力也是无限的。综上,也就是说这种新物质有很大的利润空间。选项D正确。

18.单选题

Increased（）canreleasetheworkersforothertasks.

问题1选项

A.efficiency

B.effect

C.effectiveness

D.effort

【答案】A

【解析】句意：提高工作效率可以使工人们有更多的时间做其他的任务。选项A符合语境。

19.单选题

Khalida’sfathersaysshe’s9ormaybe10.AsmuchasSayedShahloveshis10children,thefunctionallyilliterateAfghanfarmercan’tkeeptrackofalltheirbirthdates.Khalidahuddledathisside,tryingtohidebeneathherchadorandheadscarf.Theybothknowthefamilycan’tkeephermuchlonger.Khalida’sfatherhasspentmuchofhisliferaisingopium,asmenlikehimhavebeendoingfordecadesinthestonyhillsidesofeasternAfghanistanandonthedustysouthernplains.It’stheonlyreliablecashcropmostofthosefarmerseverhad.Evenso,Shahandhisfamilybarelygoby:traffickersmayprosper,butpoorfarmerslikehimonlysubsist.Nowhe’slosingfarmorethanmoney.“IneverimaginedI’dhav