考研考博-英语-北京中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

CordiaHarringtonwastiredofstandingupalldayandsmellinglikeFrenchfriesatnight.SheownedandoperatedthreeMcDonald’sshopsinIllinois,butasadivorcedmotherofthreeboys,sheyearnedforabusinessthatwouldprovideforherchildrenandletherspendmoretimewiththem.

Herluckymomentcame,strangelyenough,aftershewasnominatedin1992tobeontheMcDonald'sbuncommittee.“Thecompanypickedmeupinacorporatejettoseebakeriesaroundtheworld.”Sherecalls.“EverytimeIwenttoameeting,Ilovedit.Thiswasglobal!”

Theexperienceopenedhereyestobusinesspossibilities.WhenMcDonald’sdecideditwantedanewbunsupplier,Harringtonbecamedeterminedtowinthecontract,eventhoughshehadnoexperiencerunningabakery.

Harringtonstudiedthebakerybusinessandmadesureshewasneveroffexecutives’radar.“Ifyouhaveadream,youcan’twaitforpeopletocallyou,”shesays.“SoI’dvisitamillandsendthemphotosofmyself,inabaker’shatandjacket,holdingasignthatsays“Iwanttobeyourbaker.”Afterfouryearsand32interviews,herpersistencepaidoff.

Harringtonsealedthedealwithahandshake,soldhershopsandborrowed$13.5million.Shewasreadytobuildthefaster,mostautomatedbakeryintheworld.

TheTennesseeBunCompanyopenedaheadofschedulein1997intimeforaslumpinUSfast-foodsalesforMcDonald’s.BeforeHarringtonknewit,shewasdowntoherlast$20,000,notenoughtocoverpayroll.AndheragreementwithMcDonald’srequiredthatshesellexclusivelytothecompany.“Icriedmyselftosleepmanynights,”sherecalls.“IreallydidthinkIamgoingtogobankrupt”.

ButHarringtonworkedoutanagreementtosupplyPepperideFarmaswell.“McDonald’scouldseebenefitifourproductionwentupandpriceswentdownandnobenefitifwewentoutofbusiness,”shesays.“Thatdealsavedus.”

Overthenexteightyears,Haringtonbranchedoutevenmore:Shestartedherowntruckingbusiness,addedacold-storagecompany,andnowhasthreebakeriesproducingfreshbunsandfrozendough—allnowknownastheBuncompanies.Speedisstillapriority:Ittakes11peopleatthemainbakerytomakeout60,000bunsanhourforclientsacross40states,SouthAmerica,andtheCaribbean.

Gratefulforthebreaksshe’shad,Harringtonispassionateaboutprovidingopportunitiestoall230employees.“Financialsuccessisthemostfunwhenyoucangiveitaway,”shesays.

Thecurrenteconomyischallenging.Someofherclients’saleshavedeclined,butshe’sfoundnewclientsandimprovedefficienciestohelpsustaintheeconomy’sdouble-digitgrowth.

CordiaHarringtondoesn’thavetostandonherfeetalldayanymore.Twoofherthreesonsnowworkforher.Andshe'smarriedherhusband,Tom,isnowherCFO.

"Thisismorethanajob,”saysHarrington.“It'samission.I'malwaysthinking.Howcanwebestserveouremployees?Ifwesupportthem,they’lldotheirbesttolookafterourclients.That’showitworkshere.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasmostsignificantinHarrington’searlycareer?

2.“Harringtonmadesureshewasneveroffexecutives‘radar’"(ParagraphFour)meansthatshe（）.

3.Howdidshesurvivethecrisisofthebakerybusiness?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTindescribinghercurrentbusiness?

5.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisfundamentaltoHarrington’ssuccess?

问题1选项

A.Hertravelandthevisitstobakeriesaroundtheworld.

B.HernominationontheMcDonald’sbuncommittee.

C.Abusinesscontractwithlocalbunsuppliers.

D.Theinterviewsandexperienceinrunningabakery.

问题2选项

A.herselfwantedtobeacompanyexecutive

B.meanttohireexecutivestorunthebusiness

C.meanttokeephermanagementknowledgeandskills

D.focusedonthemanagementofthebakerybusiness

问题3选项

A.Byopeningherbuncompanyaheadofschedule.

B.Bysupplyingbunsforanothercompany.

C.BykeepingsuppliesupforMcDonald.

D.BymakinganewagreementwithMcDonald.

问题4选项

A.Itisfastgrowing.

B.Itisdiversified.

C.Itsclientsarealllocal.

D.Itismoreefficient.

问题5选项

A.Perseveranceandconcernforemployees.

B.Businessexpansionandfamilysupport.

C.Efficiencyandloveforthefamily.

D.Opportunitiesandspeed.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。根据第三段的首句“Theexperienceopenedhereyestobusinesspossibilities.这次经历使她看到了商机”，也就是说，在哈林顿的早期职业生涯中最重要的是这次经历。再根据上一段的内容可知，这次经历是在她被任命为麦当劳的面包委员会委员后，公司派专机接她去看世界各地的面包房。所以选项A符合原文。本题容易错选B，但被任命后如果没有那些经历，也不能对她的职业产生影响，所以重要的还是“experience”。

第2题:2.判断推理题。根据原文句意“哈林顿学习了怎样经营面包店，并且确保自己从来没有离开过管理层的视线”，由此可知，她这样做是为了保持她的管理知识和技能，所以选项C正确。选项A“她自己想成为一名公司主管”不正确，因为她是想自己经营一家公司而不是成为主管；选项B“打算雇佣管理人员来经营企业”不正确，这时候她自己还没有开公司，所以谈不上雇佣；选项D“专注于面包房业务的管理”也不正确，因为上一段提到她没有经营面包店的经验，所以她学习的是如何经营面包店，而不是业务管理。只有选项C符合原文。

第3题:3.细节事实题。根据第七段的最后一句话“那笔交易救了我们”，这里的交易指的是本段首句提到的“达成协议为Pepperide农场供应面包”。所以选项B“向另一家公司供应面包”正确。

第4题:4.细节事实题。根据第八段的最后一句“Ittakes11peopleatthemainbakerytomakeout60,000bunsanhourforclientsacross40states,SouthAmerica,andtheCaribbean.面包店的11个人每小时要为来自40个州、南美洲和加勒比海地区的客户制作6万个面包。”由此可知，她的客户不仅仅是当地的，所以选项C不正确。

第5题:5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“‘这不仅仅是一份工作，’哈林顿说。‘这是一个任务。我总是思考。我们怎样才能更好地为员工服务？如果我们支持他们，他们就会尽力照顾我们的客户。这就是这里的运作方式。’”由此可知，关心员工是哈林顿成功的根本原因之一。除此之外，还有原文前面所提及的她自己付出的努力，以及自己坚持不懈的精神是她事业成功的另一个根本原因。所以选项A正确。

2.单选题

Acensor’sdutyistoensurethatnocontentis（）inpublicationorfilms.

问题1选项

A.evil

B.obscure

C.obscene

D.opaque

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项evil“恶毒的;邪恶的”；B选项obscure“无名的;鲜为人知的”；C选项obscene“淫秽的;猥亵的”；D选项opaque“不透明的;不透光的”。句意：审查员的职责是确保出版物或电影中没有淫秽内容。根据关键词“审查员的职责”可知C符合句意。

3.单选题

Rosaisquietandintroverted(内向的),andsheobjectsto______herlivingroomwithdozensofpeopleintheapartment.

问题1选项

A.share

B.sharing

C.havingshared

D.haveshared

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：罗莎安静内向，她不喜欢和公寓里的几十个人一起住在自己的客厅里。objecttodoingsth.是固定搭配，表示“反对做某事”，排除A,D。C选项havingshared是完成时，和题干句子时态不符，排除C。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.

Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.

Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArcticpeoples,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.

Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent.Theprogressfromarattle（拔浪鼓）usedbyababyin3,000BCtooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.

1.Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat

（

）.

2.Oneaspectof“theuniversalityoftoys”liesinthefactthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?

4.Regardedasakindofartform,toys

（

）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofarattletoshowthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theirsocialrolesarerigidlydetermined

B.mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers’professions

C.boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothers

D.theylikechallengingactivities

问题2选项

A.technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoys

B.theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversities

C.theexplorationoftheuniversehasledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoys

D.thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesametheworldover

问题3选项

A.Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.

B.Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.

C.Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.

D.Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild’scharacter.

问题4选项

A.followadirectlineofascent

B.alsoappealgreatlytoadults

C.arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogress

D.reflectthepaceofsocialprogress

问题5选项

A.intoy-makingthereisacontinuityintheuseofmaterials

B.eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnology

C.itoftentakesalongtimetointroducenewtechnologyintotoy-making

D.evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetime

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined”在社会角色被严格定位的社会里，可知男孩和女孩玩得玩具不同，在于他们的社会角色被严格区分，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing....Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.”玩具在世界各地的发展和他们对现在的持久性的普遍性是惊人的。……几乎每个文明都有娃娃，小武器玩具兵，小动物和车辆。可知玩具的基本特性是相同的，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段第一句“Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.”玩具历史引人注目的不在于它们在几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而在于它们在多大程度上保持不变。可知B选项“几个世纪以来，玩具基本上保持不变”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.”由于玩具通常可以被视为一种艺术形式，因此它们没有受到技术飞跃的影响，而这些技术是成人发明的特征。可知玩具不受技术进步影响，不以技术进步为特征，因此选C。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.”每一个拨浪鼓都是时代艺术品味的产物，但受现有材料的限制。可知作者使用拨浪鼓的例子是为了说明即使是一个简单的玩具也能够反应所处时代的品味，因此选D。

5.翻译题

46.当有人对我说，他们喜爱动物是因为动物有感情，然后又虐待动物，我就对他们说，幸亏他们不喜欢我。(4points)

47.贫困国家转变富裕国家靠的是投资开发自然资源，并借助教育和技术的转移项目提高人力资源和技术资源。(5points)

48.有一些人，他们之所以关心经济发展，或是因为他们认为发展经济是发展中国家人民需要实现的目标，或是因为他们认为只有经济增长率达到令人满意的程度才能保证政治稳定。(5points)

49.失去理想是人们可能会犯的一个重大错误，这就是为什么我们应该奋力向前并且相信我们自己，无论选定的目标看起来多么遥不可及，我们都应争取实现。(6points)

【答案】46.Whenpeopletellmethattheyloveanimalsbecauseanimalshavefeelings,buttorturethem,Itellthemit’sagoodthingtheydon’tlikeme.

47.Thetransitionfrompoortorichcountriesisachievedbyinvestmentinthedevelopmentofnaturalresourcesandthepromotionhumanandtechnologicalresourcesthrougheducationandtechnologytransferprojects.

48.Therearethosewhoareconcernedabouteconomicdevelopment,eitherbecausetheybelievethateconomicdevelopmentisagoalthatpeopleindevelopingcountriesneedtoachieve,orbecausetheybelievethatpoliticalstabilitycanbeensuredonlyiftheeconomicgrowthratereachesasatisfactorylevel.

49.Losingouridealsisabigmistakepeoplecanmake,whichiswhyweshouldpushforwardandbelieveinourselves.Nomatterhowreachlessthechosengoalmayseem,weshouldstrivetoachieveit.

6.单选题

Churchill’sinspiringspeecheshelped______hiscountrymentofightagainsttheenemy.

问题1选项

A.rally

B.ally

C.resemble

D.ramble

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.rally召集；集合B.ally与……结盟

C.resemble看起来像；显得像D.ramble漫步；漫谈

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息tofightagainsttheenemy（与敌人作战）可知，______hiscountrymen是指“召集他的国民”，该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】丘吉尔鼓舞人心的演说帮助他的国民团结起来与敌人作战。

7.单选题

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare（

）off.

问题1选项

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.screened

D.separated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。avoid“避免，避开”；exclude“排除，不包括”；screen“筛，拍摄，放映”；separate“分开，隔开”。句意：不同种类的宇宙线从外太空穿透空气，但是大量的太阳辐射都被阻挡了。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Iwasalwaystaughtthatitwas（

）tointerrupt.

问题1选项

A.rude

B.coarse

C.rough

D.crude

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项rude“粗鲁的，无礼的”；B选项coarse“粗糙的，粗俗的”；C选项rough“粗野的，粗略的”；D选项crude“天然的，未加工的”。句意：我总是被教导打断别人说话是粗鲁的。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

To（

）importantdatesinhistory,countriescreatespecialholidays.

问题1选项

A.commend

B.memorize

C.propagate

D.commemorate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项commend“表扬，推荐”；B选项memorize“记忆，记住”；C选项propagate“传播，繁殖”；D选项commemorate“纪念，庆祝”。根据importantdates（重要日期）可知D选项最符合逻辑。句意：为了纪念历史上的重要日期，国家会设立特别假日。

10.单选题

Notuntilthe1850s（

）inNewYorkseektorescuehistoricbuildingsfromdevastationoralteration.

问题1选项

A.someconcernedcitizens

B.didsomeconcernedcitizens

C.somecitizensconcerned

D.whensomeconcernedcitizensdid

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：直到19世纪50年代，在纽约，一些忧心忡忡的市民开始寻求使历史文物免遭毁坏或改变的方法。当notuntil位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，将助动词放到主语前。

11.单选题

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,________moveaboutfreely.

问题1选项

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查逻辑关系。aswellas“也”；disregardfor“忽视”；letalone“更不必说，听任”；notmentioning“没有提及”。句意：乘客们像沙丁鱼一样挤在充满汗臭、幽闭恐怖的地铁车厢里，几乎无法呼吸，更无法自由活动。因此C选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Crimesbychildrenhavebeenrisingatafasterratethanthejuvenilepopulation.Abouthalfofsuchcrimesinvolvethetraditionaloffensesofthetheft,breakingandentering,andvandalism,butserious,violentcrimesaregoingupatastartlingrate.Therateofarmedrobbery,rape,andmurderbyjuvenileshaddoubledinadecade.Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation,andaminimumofinternal,indirect,anddirectcontrolwouldsufficetosecureconformity.Theobjectionmaybemadethatmanyviolationsarecommittedfortheexcitementoftheviolationitself.However,otherpossibilitiesforexcitementexistbesidesviolatinglawsandregulations.

Nocompleteandgenerallysatisfactorylistofneeds,eitherofchildrenoradults,hasbeencompiled.Theredoesseemtobeessentialconsensusontheneedsforaffection,andsecurity.Althoughthesecategoriesdonotexhausttheneedsofchildren,theyare,atleast,abeginning.

Onlysomeofthechild’sneeds,particularlythoseoftheadolescent,canbesatisfiedwithinthefamily.Thefamilydoes,however,alsogreatlyaffectthechancestheadolescentwillhaveinsatisfyinghisneedsintheschool,inhispeergroup,andlater,inhisoccupation.Ifheisabletosatisfyhisneedsreasonablywelloutsidethehome,insociallyapprovedways,thereislesspressuretoachievethemthroughdelinquentbehavior.

Astherearelimitationsuponwhatcanbeachievedbyindirectanddirectcontrol,soalsoaretherelimitationsastoneedsatisfactions.Adolescentshavewantsthatmustbedeferred,atleast,suchasforforeignsportcars,sexualsatisfactions,andadultincomeandstatus.Likewise,noteveryonecanbethecaptainofthefootballteam,thecampusqueenorthewinnerofscholarshiphonors.Atpresent,thereisnowaythatadolescentscanalwaysbemadetofeellovedandsecuredandnoassurancethattherewillalwaysbesomethinginterestingtodo.Ontheothersideoftheledger,thereisalwayssomeworktobedonetoobtain,inalegitimatemanner,whateverrecognitionandprivilegesarepossible.

Eventhoughcompleteandimmediatesatisfactionofneedsisnotordinarilypossible,familiescangofartowardthelegitimatesatisfactionofneedswithinthefamily,andtheycanprepareandlaunchtheadolescentinhisinteractionwithschool,peergroup,andoccupation,otherwisetheycanfailalmosttotallyinhelpingtomeetneedsinandoutsidethefamilythroughacceptablebehavior.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,juvenilescommitviolationsbecause（

）.

2.Thefourthparagraphiswrittentoillustratethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingshouldthefamilydotoreducejuveniledelinquency?

4.Whichofthefollowingthemesdoestheauthorfocuson?

问题1选项

A.theywanttoderivepleasurefromtheviolationitself

B.theirneedsarenotsatisfiedcompletelyandimmediately

C.violatinglawsandregulationsoffersthemgreaterexcitement

D.notenoughcontrolisexercisedtomakethemconformtolaws

问题2选项

A.theimportantthingistogivechildrensomethinginterestingtodo

B.allthatchildrenneed,likeadults,arerecognitionandprivileges

C.childrencanbemadetofeellovedandsecureonlyathome

D.alltheneedsofanadolescentcannotbesatisfied

问题3选项

A.Exertdirectandindirectcontroloverthechildwithinthefamily.

B.Don’tinterfereinchildren’sbehaviorinoroutsidethefamily.

C.Trytohelpthechildrenmeetlegitimateneedsinandoutsidethefamily.

D.Tryitsbesttosatisfyallofthechildren’sneedswithinthefamily.

问题4选项

A.Needsatisfactionandjuveniledelinquency.

B.Adolescents’interactionwithfamily,schoolandsociety.

C.Familyaffectionanddevelopment.

D.Indirectanddirectcontroloveradolescents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第四句“Ifalltheneedsoftheadolescentcouldbemetadequatelyandwithoutdelay,withoutviolatinglaws,therewouldbenopointinviolation...”如果在不违反法律的情况下，能够充分地及时地满足青少年的所有需要，那么青少年就不会犯罪。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第四段的二三句，青少年的某些需要必须被推迟，比如外国跑车，性满足，成人的收入和地位。同样，不是每个人都能成为足球队队长、校花或奖学金获得者。作者意在说明并不是青少年所有的需求都能得到满足，选项D正确。

3.根据最后一段的内容可知，家庭可以在很大程度上满足家庭内部的需求，并且可以鼓励孩子与学校，同龄人团体以及职业相关的人和事交往互动。即帮助孩子满足家庭内外的合法需求。选项C符合原文。

4.结合文章内容可知，本文主要讨论的是满足需要与青少年犯罪，选项A最能概括全文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

13.单选题

Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill（）byimagesofdeathanddestruction.

问题1选项

A.twisted

B.dipped

C.haunted

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事故过去好多年后，他的脑中仍萦绕着死亡和毁灭的画面。

考查动词辨析。twist扭曲，扭动；dip浸，蘸；haunt萦绕；submerge淹没，沉入水中。因此C符合句意。

14.单选题

Duringourexploration,wediscoveredthatpeoplewillexploitthenewnessandbreadthoftheInformationMarketplacetosupporttheirwishesand______.

问题1选项

A.breaches

B.premises

C.ruts

D.predilections

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项breach“违背，违反，缺口”，B项premise“前提，假定”，C项rut“发情期，惯例，性冲动”，D项predilection“偏爱，嗜好”。根据句子可知空格处填入的词和wishes“愿望”并列，那么四个选项中只有predilection符合语境。句意：在我们的探索过程中，我们发现人们会利用信息市场的新颖性和广度来支持他们的愿望和偏好。因此，该题选择D项正确。

15.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed50minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan300wordsunderthetitleof“AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofDoingResearchOnline.”Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:

1)Presentsituationaboutdoingresearchonline;

2)Advantagesforonlineresearch;

3)Disadvantagesforonlineresearch.

【答案】

AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofDoingResearchOnline16.单选题

Youshouldn’tgotoworktoday,itisrainingsohard.（）youstillhaveatemperature.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Nevertheless

C.Moreover

D.Despite

【答案】C

【解析】逻辑关系。根据句意可知，前后构成递进的关系，选项中只有Moreover表示递进，所以选项C正确。

17.单选题

Inorderto（）agoodknowledgeofEnglish,hegaveuphisjobandwenttostudyinanEnglishschool.

问题1选项

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

D.address

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项require“需要，要求”；B选项inquire“询问”；C选项acquire“获得”；D选项address“演说，致辞”。句意：为了获得英语知识，他放弃了工作，到一所英语学校学习。选项C符合语境。

18.翻译题

Peoplecannotliveapartfromnature;thatisthefirstprincipleoftheconservationists.Andyet,peoplecannotliveinnaturewithoutchangingit.Butthisistrueofallcreatures;theydependuponnature,andtheychangeit.Whatwecallnatureis,inasense,thesumofthechangesmadebyallthevariouscreaturesandnaturalforcesintheirintricateactionsandinfluencesuponeachotherandupontheirplaces.Becauseofthewoodpeckers,natureisdifferentfromwhatitwouldbewithoutthem.Itisdifferentalsobecauseoftheborersandantsthatliveintreetrunks,andbecauseofthebacteriathatliveinthesoilunderthetree.Themakingofthesedifferencesisthemakingoftheworld.

Someofthechangesmadebywildcreatureswewouldcallbeneficent.Beaversarefamousformakingpondsthatturnintofertilemeadows;treesandprairiegrassesbuildsoil.Butsometimes,too,wewouldcallnaturalchangesdestructive.Accordingtoearlywitnesses,forinstance,largeareasaroundKentuckysaltlickswereseverelytrampedanderodedbythegreatherdsofhoofedanimalsthatgatheredthere.Thebuffalo“streets”throughhillycountryweresohollowedoutbyhoofwearanderosionthattheyremainvisiblealmosttwocenturiesafterthedisappearanceofthebuffalo.Andsoitcanhardlybeexpectedthathumanswouldnotchangenature.Humans,likeallothercreatures,mustmakeadifference;otherwisetheycannotlive.Butunlikeothercreatures,theymustmakeachoiceastothekindandofthedifferencetheymake.Iftheychoosetomaketoosmalladifferencetheydiminishtheirhumanity.Iftheychoosetomaketoogreatadifferencetheydiminishnature,andnarrowtheirsubsequentchoices;ultimately,theydiminishordestroythemselves.Nature,then,isnotonlyoursourcebutalsoourlimitandmeasure.

【答案】参考译文：

人类的生存离不开大自然，这是生态环境保护者的第一原则。然而，人类不可能在大自然中生存而不改变它。不过，这对所有生物来说都是如此，它们依赖自然且改变它。在某种意义上，我们把大自然称为各种各样的生物和大自然力量在自己复杂的活动、相互影响以及对生活环境的影响中引起的变化的全部。因为啄木鸟的存在，所以大自然不同于没有啄木鸟的大自然会呈现的样子。大自然也因为生活于树干的钻蛀虫和蚂蚁，以及生活在树下泥土中的细菌而不同。这些差异的形成就是世界的形成。

我们会把野生生物引起的一些变化称为是有益的：海狸因为把池塘变成肥沃草地而出名，树木和牧场草地构建了土壤。不过，我们有时会把大自然的变化称为有害的。例如，据早期目击者称，肯塔基州盐碱地周围大部分区域被聚集在那里的成群的有蹄类动物严重践踏和损坏。穿过丘陵地带的水牛“街道”被严重磨损和侵蚀，以至于它们（即水牛“街道”）在水牛消失后差不多两个世纪仍然看得见。因此，期望人类不会改变大自然几乎是不可能的。与所有其它生物一样，人类必须对大自然产生影响；否则他们就不能生存。不过，与其它生物不一样的是人类必须对于自己产生的影响的种类和规模做出选择。如果人类选择产生一个太小的影响，那么他们就会使自身数量减少。如果人类选择产生一个太大的影响，那么他们就会使大自然变小，从而使自己的选择范围缩小；最后他们会使自身数量减少或毁掉自身。因此，大自然不仅是我们人类生存的资源，并且还是我们人类生存的界限和标杆。

19.单选题

Doesusingawordprocessoraffectawriter’sstyle?Themediumusuallydoesdosomethingtothemessageafterall,evenifMarshallMcLuhan’sclaimthatthemediumsimplyisthemessagehasbeenheardandlargelyforgottennow.Thequestionmatters.RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.Thebest-knownrecruitisLenDeighton,fromaslongagoas1968,thoughmostusershaveonlystartedsincethemicrocomputerboombeganin1980.

Ironicallywordprocessingisinsomewayspsychologicallymorelikewritinginroughthantyping,sinceitrestoresfluidityandprovisionallytothetext.Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences,orletsomethingstandwhichheknowstobeunsatisfactoryorincomplete,outofweariness.Inwordprocessingthetextisloosenedupwhilststillretainingtheadvantageoflookingformallyfinished.

Thishas,Ithink,twoapparentlycontradictoryeffects.Theinitialwritingcanbecomeexcessivelysloppyandcareless,intheexpectationthatitwillbecorrectedlater.Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.However,thesearefaultseasiertodetectinothersthaninoneself.MyownexperienceofthesheerdifficultyofcommittinganywordsatalltothepagemeansI’mgratefulforallthehelpIcanget.

Formostwriters,wordprocessingquiterapidlycomestofeelliketheidealmethod(andcanalwaysbeasecondstepafterdraftingonpaperifyouprefer).MostofthewritersinterviewedbyHammondsayithasimprovedtheirstyle,(“immensely”，saysDeighton).Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.

Thusitisnotjustbyfreeingyoufromthelaborofmechanicalretypingthatawordprocessorcanhelpyoutowrite.Oneauthor(TerenceFeely)claimsithasincreasedhisoutputby400%.Possiblythefeelingofhavingareactivemachine,whichappearstodothings,ratherthanjusthavethingsdonewithit,accountsforthis—yourslaveworkshardandsodoyou.

Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”，saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.Notoriouslyitispossibletoloseworkaltogetheronawordprocessor,andthishappenstoeverybodyatleastonce.Theawarenessthatwhatyouhavewrittennolongerexistsanywhereatall,isunbelievablyenragingandbaffling.

Willwordprocessinggenerallyraisethelevelofprofessionalwritingthen?Doesitmakewritersbetteraswellasmoreproductive?Thoughallusersinsistithasdonesoforthemindividually,thisishardtobelieve.Butreliancehappensfast.

1.WhatappearstobechangingrapidlyinBritainandtheUSA?

2.Typingamanuscriptintheconventionalmannermaymakeawriter（

）.

3.Oneeffectofusingawordprocessormaybethattheongoingrevisionofatext

（

）.

4.Itisclaimedherethatwordprocessorscreate

（

）.

5.Asfaraslearningtouseawordprocessorisconcerned,theauthorofthepassagefeelsthatHammond（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thestylewritersareemploying.

B.Thewaynewwritersarebeingrecruited.

C.Themediumauthorsareusing.

D.Themessageauthorsareputtingforward.

问题2选项

A.havealotofsecondthoughts

B.becomeovercriticalofhisorherwork

C.makemoremistakes

D.takefewrisks

问题3选项

A.isdonewithtoolittleattention

B.producesasloppyeffect

C.failstoproduceafluentstyle

D.doesnotencourageonetopickupmistakes

问题4选项

A.afeelingofdistancebetweenawriterandhisorherwork

B.theillusionthatyouaretheservantofthemachine

C.asensationofpower

D.areluctanceintheauthortoexpresshimselforherself

问题5选项

A.isunderstatingtheproblem

B.exaggeratesonedrawback

C.istooskepticalabouttheadvantage

D.overestimatesthedangeroflosingtext

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.（RayHammond在他的优秀指南《作家和文字处理者》中预测，到1985年底，英国和美国超过一半的专业作家将使用文字处理器）可知C选项“作家使用的工具”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词typing定位到文章第二段中，由Thetypist’sd