考研考博-英语-北京网络职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京网络职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer"inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Wherecircumstancespermitthebuyernochoicebecausethereiseffectivelyonlyonesellerandtheproductisrelativelyessential,governmentusuallyassertsmonopolyandplacestheindustryunderpriceandotherregulations.Neitheroftheseconditionsprevailsinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician一andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday,”whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhentheailmentisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyesofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”.Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter'*inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants—thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebonafidebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital;andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisfortheseillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto（）.

5.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

B.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

C.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare

D.speculateabouttherelationshipbetweenapatient'sabilitytopayandthetreatmentreceived

问题2选项

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofapatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient’shealth

D.hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

问题3选项

A.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

B.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

C.takingadvantageofthepatient'sconcernforhishealth

D.warningthepatientthat.ahospitalstaymightbenecessary

问题4选项

A.aproposaltocontrolmedicalcosts

B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

C.ananalysisofthecausesofinflationintheUnitedStates

D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice

问题5选项

A.cautious

B.defiant

C.inquisitive

D.analytical

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.A项意为“为了敦促医院收回他们的决策权力”；B项意为“批判医生太多控制病人”；C项意为“为了分析在健康医疗中的一些重要的经济因素”；D项意为“猜测病人支付的能力和接受的治疗之间的关系”。文章从第一段开始引入经济关系中的“提供者”与“消费者”之间的关系，然后引出医疗健康中的医患关系，到后面讲述医生在医院的经济中拥有绝对的‘权利’；所以文章是分析了economicrelationship即医患关系中的经济因素，选项C符合题意。

2.由第二段中itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesdav，’’whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.通常是由医生来决定病人什么时候来复诊、是否需要照X光以及需要哪种药，而病人是无法也不会去质疑医生的决定的；再由第三段最后Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.因此，在医院的政策和决策中，医务人员代表的是“权力中心”，而不是行政部门。确定A选项正确。

3.A选项意为：建议病人寻找第二意见；B选项意为：指导病人买更多的医疗服务；C选项意为：利用病人对自己健康的关心；D选项意为：警告病人住院时很有必要的。文章从一开始在分析医患关系，提到医生和病人之间的关系就是经济中的生产者与消费者之间的关系的一个缩影，医生在医患关系中占主导地位，而医生对于医院的经济起到重要的作用，因此作者更倾向医生这么做是为了让病人花费更多的钱来达到自己的经济利益，故应选B项更符合作者的看法；此处C项是一个干扰项，不可否认医生也是为了病人的健康考虑所以会安排复诊，但是作者在本文中更多的是揭露医患之间的经济关系，故应选B。

4.题目的意思是：根据作者的说法，当医生告诉病人“下周三再来”时，医生实际是说……A项意为“控制医疗成本的一项提议”；B项意为“对一种新的医学治疗的一次讨论”C项意为“对美国通货膨胀原因的分析”；D项意为“针对医生的玩忽职守诉讼的研究”。文章主要是以医患关系中医生作为主导这一论点开展的，在文章的最后也提到Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.70-80%的医疗开支都是由医务人员决定的，而不是病人。正因为这个原因，针对病人或者大众的经济措施是相对无效的。所以A选项“控制医疗成本的一项提议”正确。

5.A选项“谨慎的”；B选项“蔑视的"；C选项“好奇的”；D选项“分析的”。作者一开始阐述了经济关系中的两大主体生产者和消费者，然后进一步提到了医患关系是这一经济关系的缩影，从而揭露出医生在医疗经济中占有绝对的主导地位，最后再给予建议，因此这篇文章主要是针对社会现象的本质的分析性文章，D选项正确。

2.单选题

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople______harmthem.

问题1选项

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.ratherthan

D.muchthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项morethan“多于”，B项otherthan“除了，不同于”，C项ratherthan“而不是”，D项muchthan“比……多”。根据空格前后的benefitthepeople（造福于人）和harmthem（伤害他们）可知，前后是对比关系，填入ratherthan符合。句意：发展核科学应该造福人民，而不是危害人民。因此，该题选择C项。

3.单选题

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itdeemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn（沉默的）malespeakersandgossipygarrulous（饶舌的）femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmorehasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkingind-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoiceswhilefemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesaretheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkand

masculinetalkis（

）.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

问题2选项

A.Unfeminine

B.Powerful

C.Obedient

D.Unmasculine

问题3选项

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferenceinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferencesliesineyeofearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

问题4选项

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished

D.Noneoftheabove

问题5选项

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句话Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage，作者认为男性化与女性化的区分会导致我们做一些愚蠢的判断，所以可知作者对这种男性化谈话与女性化谈话的区分是持批判态度的。选项D符合题意。

2.题干中的effeminate意思是“柔弱的；没有男子汉气概的”，四个选项中选项D符合题意。unfeminine“不温柔的”；powerful“有力量的”；obedient“顺从的”。

3.文章最后一段最后一句话butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry提到每个国家男性的音调都是不同的，因此音调并不能用来判断性别之间的语言区别。选项C符合题意。

4.文章第四段Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkingind-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound提到了女性的一些行为，由此可知选项A、B、C都属于人们对女性的刻板印象，因此选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一段倒数第二句话Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesaretheobjectofridicule提到如果男性用高音调说话会成为人家的笑柄，所以选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Weneedtomakesurethatwe（）ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.use

B.exploit

C.employ

D.explore

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。use“使用”；exploit“开发，开拓”；employ“雇用”；explore“探索，探测”。句意：我们需要确保尽可能全面开发我们的资源。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Idon’tunderstandwhatyou’regettingsoabout.It’sreallynotaproblem.

问题1选项

A.workedout

B.workedup

C.workedover

D.workedagainst

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。workout“算出；解决”；workedup“激动的；生气的”；workover“研究；检查”；workagainst“违背；对……不利”。句意：我不明白你为什么这么激动。这真的不是问题。选项B符合题意。

6.翻译题

Nowzoomforwardtoourpresenttimeandthinkofourpre-Internetcommunicationsystemsassortsofprotozoa(原生动物).Whatwe’rewitnessingtodayintherealmofcyberspace—theonlinereformulationofeverythingfromthewayweplayandlearntohowweshopandtradestocksmayrepresentnolessaworldtransformingchangethanthespectacularburstofcreationsolongago.

Onenotabledifference:theprimevalorganismsdidnothaveaguidebooktoinformthemaboutwhattoexpectandhowtodealwithsomeofthefabulousthingstocome.Wedo,intherecentlyreleasedNewRulesfortheNewEconomybyKevinKelly,afoundingeditorofWiredmagazine.

“Thekeypremiseofthisbookisthattheprinciplesgoverningtheworldofthesoft—theworldofintangibles,ofmedia,ofsoftware,andofservices—willsooncommandtheworldofthehard—theworldofreality,ofatoms,ofobjects,ofsteelandoil,andthehardworkdonebythesweatofbrows.”Kellywrites.“Drivingthiseconomictransformationisthecombinationofshrinkingcomputersandexpandingcommunications,”hesays,“Wehaveseenonlythebeginningsoftheanxiety,loss,excitement,andgainsthatmanypeoplewillexperienceasourworldshiftstoanewhighlytechnicalplanetaryeconomy.”Doesthatsoundliketechnohype?

It’sbarelyatasteoftheradicalandoftencounterintuitive“rules”thatKellydishesout.Heemploysanaphoristic(格言的)and,well,wiredstylethatwilleasilyappealtogeeksandshouldalsoturnonanymainstreamreaderswhoarealittlemorethancuriousaboutwherethedigitallyrenderedworldisheaded.

Whereit’slikelyheaded,inKelly’swords,is“upsidedown”.Chew,forexample,ontheideathat“thesurestwaytosmartnessisthroughmassivedumbness”.Whatthatmeansinessenceisthattinycomputerchips,thoughrelatively“dumb”ontheirown,canbeaddedtobillionsofmundaneobjectsand,thereby,yieldsubstantialeconomicbenefits.Suchasrealtimebuyingpatternsoneverythingfromshirtstosodacans.Intheconventionalworldofsupplyanddemandwhereweallgrewup,valuecamefromscarcity.Asin,diamonds,goldandoil.Inaworldofdigitalimperatives,asKellycorrectlypointsout,“powercomesfromabundance.”ThatwasaprinciplethatAppletragicallyfailedtounderstandwhenitbackedofffromlicensingitsgraphiccomputerinterface,assuringthatitsmarketsharewouldbesavagedbyMicrosoft’smoreopenWindowsoperatingsystem,whichleadsustoanotherofKelly’shardwiredlaws:followthefree.Intheuniverseofatoms,asaresourceisconsumeditbecomesmoreexpensivetoproduce.Asgoldismined,nuggets(天然金块)atfirstmaybeeasy,andthereforecheap,tofind.Butwhenparticlesoforemustbesqueezedoutoftonsofrock,thepriceofgoldbecomesmoredear.

ButinwhatKellyterms“theneworder”,thelawofplentitudekicksin,leadingasavvycompanysuchasNetscapetodistributeitsWebbrowserforfreeinordertosellauxiliaryservicesorproducts.Similarly,expensivecellphonesareofferedasfreebies(免费的东西)togaincontractsforphoneservices.

Finally,Kellytellsustolookaroundandseehowmuchtheworldhasalreadychangedunderourveryfeet.AnAmericanfarmertoday,forinstance,maystillgetsomedirtunderhisfingernails,butmuchofhislaborisperformedundertheumbrellaoftheelectronicnetwork.ThecabinhistractorhasawirelessphoneandasatellitelinkedGPSlocationdevice;hishomecomputerisconnectedtoaneverendingstreamofweatherdata,grainmarketreportsandmoisturedetectorsinthesoil.NewRulesfortheNewEconomysuggeststhatwemightevenlearnsomethingfromthosepluckylifeformsthatexplodedonthesceneahalfbillionyearsago.“Thequalitiesneededtosucceedinthenetworkeconomycanbereducedtothis:afacilityforchargingintotheunknown.”

【答案】【参考译文】

现在，放大到我们现在的时代，把我们的互联网前通讯系统想象成原生动物。我们今天在网络空间所看到的——一切都在网上重新制定，从我们玩和学的方式到我们如何购买和交易股票——可能代表着一个转型世界的变化不亚于很久以前壮观的创造爆发。

一个值得注意的不同之处是：原始生物没有一本指南来告诉它们该期待什么，以及如何应对即将到来的一些美好事物。然而，《有线》杂志的创始人，编辑凯文•凯利在最近出版的《新经济新规则》一书中给我们提供了这样一个指南。

凯利写道：“这本书的主要前提是，指导软世界的原则——无形的世界、媒体的世界、软件的世界和服务的世界——将很快控制硬世界——现实的世界、原子的世界、物体的世界、钢铁和石油的世界，以及出卖劳动力的艰苦工作。”他说：“推动这一经济转型的因素是计算机的萎缩和通信的扩大”，并且补充道：“我们看到的仅仅是我们的世界向一个新的高科技全球经济转变时许多人将体验到的焦虑、失落、激动与成就的开端。”这听起来像是科技炒作吗？

这一风格仅仅是凯利数落的那种激进的且往往违反直觉的“规则”。他采取的是一种格言式的而且还是联网的方式，很容易吸引那些怪人，而且吸引那些主流读者的兴趣，他们对这个数字化世界的发展前途多少都有点好奇。

用凯利的话说，它很可能是“颠倒”的。例如，关于“通过巨大的沉默获得最可靠的聪明之道”的想法。本质上，这意味着微型电脑芯片，尽管它们本身相对“笨”，可以添加到数十亿的普通物品中，从而产生巨大的经济效益，比如从衬衫到苏打水罐等各种产品的实时购买模式。在我们都成长起来的传统供求世界中，价值来自稀缺，就像钻石、黄金和石油的世界一样，正如凯利正确地指出的，“力量来自富足”。“苹果”电脑公司悲剧性地未能理解这一原则，它放弃了它的图形电脑界面的销售许可，因为担心自己的市场份额会被微软更开放的视窗操作系统无情地侵占。这就引出了凯利的另一条定律：遵循自由。在原子的宇宙中，随着资源的消耗，生产成本越来越高。随着黄金的开采，天然金块一开始可能很容易找到，因此很便宜。但是当矿石颗粒必须从岩石中挤出时，黄金的价格就变得更贵了。

但在凯利所说的“新秩序”中，“新秩序”是一种充分法则，它指导一家精明的公司，如网景公司，免费发布其网络浏览器，以销售辅助服务或产品。同样，昂贵的手机作为免费的东西提供，以获得电话服务合同。

最后，凯利告诉我们环顾四周，看看世界在我们脚下已经发生了多大的变化。比如今日的美国农民，也许指甲盖里仍藏着些许污泥，但他的许多劳作都是在电子网络覆盖下进行的。他的拖拉机里的驾驶室有一个无线电话和一个卫星连接的GPS定位设备；他的家用电脑连接着无尽的天气数据、谷物市场报告和土壤中的水分探测器。《新经济规则》提示我们可以向五亿年前实现的生机勃勃的新生命学习。“在网络经济中取得成功所需的素质可以精简到以下方面：进入未知世界的设备。”

7.单选题

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade“降级，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，唤起”；divert“转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

The352kilometer-longThamesisthelongestriverinEngland.ItisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi.Yet,theThameshasbeenuniqueinshapingthehistoryofEngland.

WhentheNormansconqueredEngland,therewereonlymarshybanksalongtheThames.Likethepeoplewhohadbeenlivingalongtheriver,theyusedtheThamesashighwayandbuiltthecityLondiniumonitsnorthbank.

TodaytheThamesmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration.

WhilebeingagreatbenefittoLondonandLondoners,theThamescapbeadangerousenemy.Chiefamongitsdangersisflooding.Topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld’slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972.Thebarrier’sgatescanstandeighteenmetersabovetheriver’ssurfacewhenafloodstrikes.

Rightnowlargeofficebuildings,skyscrapersandartandrecreationcomplexesarerisingtochangetheskylineofLondon.TheThameshasneverceasedtodevelop,anditwillcontinuetoplayanimportantpartinthelifeofLondoners.

1.TheauthordoesnotsaythattheThamesisagreatbenefitto（

）.

2.TheThamesis

（

）

theNile,Amazon,orMississippi.

3.TopreventtheThamesfromflooding,theLondonersbuilt

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementssupportstheideathattheThamesisofgreatimportancetothelifeofLondoners?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

问题1选项

A.rowers

B.businessmen

C.writers

D.farmers

问题2选项

A.longerthan

B.aslongal

C.shorterthan

D.notshorterthan

问题3选项

A.hydraulicmachines

B.amovablefloodbarrier

C.asteelgatebetweenconcretepiers

D.athickstonewellintheriver

问题4选项

A.TheThamesmeansdifferentthingstoDifferentpeople

B.TheThamesgivesstrengthtomanygreatpaintersandwriters

C.TheThamesmirrorstheebbandflowofLondon

D.TheThamesisthelongestriverinEngland

问题5选项

A.TheThamesusedtobedeveloped

B.TheThamesfloodssometimes

C.TheNormansbuiltthecityLondinium

D.PaintersdrawtheirinspirationfromtheThames

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。文章关于泰晤士河给哪些人带来利益的描述在第三段:Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration(例如，对于划手来说，这是一条“运动之河”，但对于商业人士来说，这是一条工作之河。画家和作家认为泰晤士河是灵感的源泉)。因此四个选项中,泰晤士没有带来利益的是D项“农民”。

2.判断推理题。第一段将泰晤士河,尼罗河,亚马逊河和密西西比河做了比较:itisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi(对比尼罗河,亚马逊河和密西西比河,泰晤士河只能算作一条小河流)。由此推断泰晤士河短一些。故选C项。

3.细节事实题。文中第四段提到“topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld'slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972”，可知为了防止洪水的爆发，1972年建立了世界上最大的移动式防洪屏障。答案为B。

4.主旨大意题。文章第二段讲了泰晤士河见证了伦敦的衰落，文中最后一段讲了现在伦敦建立了高楼大厦以及伦敦的变化，可见泰晤士河见证了伦敦的衰落。C项“泰晤士河见证了伦敦的起伏”比较能概括全文

5.细节事实题。四个选项为:A:泰晤士河曾经是繁荣的,错误,第二段说泰晤士河以前旁边只有沼泽河岸。

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Thestrategicnatureofthethreatnowposedbyhumancivilizationtotheglobalenvironmentandthestrategicnatureofthethreattohumancivilizationnowposedbychangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentuswithasimilarsetofchallengesandfalsehopes.Somearguethatanewultimatetechnology,whethernuclearpowerorgeneticengineering,willsolvetheproblem.Othersholdthatonlyadrasticreductionofourrelianceontechnologycanimprovetheconditionsoflife——asimplisticnotionatbestButtherealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeaccomplishedbyundertakingacarefulreassessmentofallthefactorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Thetransformationofthewaywerelatetotheearthwillofcourseinvolvenewtechnologies,butthekeychangeswillinvolvenewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipitself.

【答案】当前，人类文明对全球环境造成的威胁的战略实质和全球环境的变化对人类文明造成的威胁的战略实质向我们提出了一系列相似的挑战，同时也使我们产生了一些自欺欺人的期望。有人认为有了某种崭新的终极技术,无论是核能还是基因工程,就可以解决这个问题。还有人则认为只有大力减少我们对技术的依赖才能改善人类的生存环境——这种看法充其量是一种简化的看法。然而，真正的解决办法将在彻底改变和最终修复文明与地球间的关系中被找到。要完成这一点，只有通过重新仔细估量导致这种关系在较近时期内发生的剧烈变化的所有各种因素才行。改变我们与地球的关系的途径当然会涉及到新技术的发明和应用，但是关键的改变将与思考这种关系本身的新方式有关。

10.单选题

（

）John,Ibegantotrustmyfeelingsandbegantobelieveinmyability.

问题1选项

A.Dueto

B.Obligedto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Thanksto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:由于约翰，我开始相信自己的感觉和能力。

短语辨析。Dueto因为,由于;Obligedto不得不(做),后面不接原因状语;Byvirtueof由于,凭借;Thanksto幸亏,由于,可以引导原因状语。故选D。

11.单选题

Oneoftheaimsofteachingscienceis,throughlearning,toenablestudentstodevelopacompletepersonalitybycreativity,honesty,eagernesstoacquireknowledge,freedomofspeechandthought,andcriticalassessment.Thisisanambitiousaimwhichweunfortunately,rarelyconsider.Duringteachingwedevoteourattentionmoretothecontentthantotheaims.Wethusseethatscienceisoneoftheschoolsubjectsleastfavoredbystudents.

Theemotionalelementsofmusic,dancing,painting,poetryanddramahaveastrongimpactonstudents.Forsciencetoevokethesamefeelings,itshouldbetaughtwiththehelpoftheexpressivearts.Unliketraditionaldidacticapproaches,dramaalsooffersasynthesisofvisual,kineticandauditoryexperiences,apartfromtheunderstandingoffactsandfiguresasaresultofrationalandanalyticalperception.Dramaandotherartisticactivitiescanassistinreachingthecognitivegoalsofthecurriculum,astheyareeffectivemeansofmotivation.Isn’tthereabetterchancethatstudentswhohavedevelopedaloveforsciencewilllearnitmoreeasily?Sciencetoocanbeaesthetic,creativeandemotional.

Byusingdramatechniques,wefacilitatecollaborationbetweentheleftandrighthemispheresofthebrain,whereastraditionaltechniquesofteachingsciencestressonlytheuseofabilitiesfoundintheleftofhemispheres—thatis,theanalyticalperceptionofscientificnotionsandphenomena.Weallowstudentstoengageinthelearningprocessasfullpersonalitieswithalltheirknowledgeandabilities.Thuswedevelopnotonlylogicalandmathematicalintelligence,butalsoawiderspectrumofthestudents’abilities.Ourtraditionalexperienceislargelybasedonalinearperceptionofthesubject.Asstudents,wehavenotbeenusedtodevelopingwaysofcreativeandintuitivethinking,especiallyinsciencesubjects.Thisiswhycombiningexpressiveartswithscienceisacceptedwithdifficultybymany.

Whenusingdramainteachingscience,wemeetparadoxeswhichcan,ontheonehand,maketheuseofdramaunsuccessful,andontheotherhand,enableknowledgeofsciencetobeintegratedintosocietyandsocialphenomenathatislifeingeneral.Scienceistaughtonthebasisofscientificdiscoveries——lawsandexplanationsofphenomenawhichareclearlydefinedandallownoindividualorsociologicalinterpretations.Stealingawallet,forexample,willbeinterpretedassomethingnegativebytheownerandsomethingpositivebythepickpocket.Dramabroadensourimagination,scienceissaidtonarrowit.Whenobservingtraditionaldidacticformsofteachingscience,weseethatstudentsarerequiredtounderstandveryabstractnotions.Thenotionoftheatomorthemoleculeisdemonstratedbyconcretemeansincludingsymbols,varioustypesofatomandmoleculemodels,sketches,experiments,photographsandanimatedfilms.Thesehelpstudentstodeveloptheirimaginationandconceptionswhich,can,individually,beverydifferentdespitethefactthattheywerealltaughtwiththesametechniquesandmaterials.

Thesedifferencesarisefromthedifferencesinstudents，personalities.Wemusttakeintoaccountthatstudentshavedifferentsensoryabilities.Theyreceiveinformationthroughvisual,auditoryandkineticchannelsofperceptionwithdifferentintensity.Theyalsohavedifferentintellectualabilities.Thusitiseasyforsomestudentstologicallycombinescientificphenomenaorvisualizewhatthelatterlookslike.

1.Thefactthatstudentsdislikescienceclassisbecausescienceclasses（

）.

2.Inordertomotivatestudentsinscienceclass,shouldbeemployed

（

）.

3.Asuitabletitleofthepassagecanbe

（

）.

4.Theresearcher’saimisto

（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?

问题1选项

A.developstudents’personalitybycreativity

B.don’thavefreedomofspeech

C.concentratemoreonknowledgethanthedevelopmentofpersonality

D.concentratemoreonfactsthancriticalassessment

问题2选项

A.visualexperience

B.Kinetic

C.analyticalperception

D.expressivearts

问题3选项

A.TeachScienceThroughDrama

B.DevelopStudents’Imagination

C.ExpressiveArtsintheScienceClassroom

D.CreativeWaysofTeachingScience

问题4选项

A.facilitatestudents'learningbystimulatinganemotionalresponse

B.usedramatoteachscience

C.developstudents’knowledgeandabilitiesthroughreview

D.makeiteasierforstudentstounderstandsomeabstractconcepts

问题5选项

A.Traditionalteachingmethodsexpectstudentstoloveabstractconcepts.

B.Thenewapproachtoteachingdoesn'tteachabstractconcepts.

C.Thenewapproachaddressesmanydifferentlearningstyles.

D.Didacticmethodsteachknowledge,notability.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段的最后两句话Duringteachingwedevoteourattentionmoretothecontentthantotheaims.Wethusseethatscienceisoneoftheschoolsubjectsleastfavoredbystudents(在进行科学知识教学吋，我们把重点放在了科学知识的内容上而不是教学目的上。因此我们可以看到科学知识课程成了最不受学生喜欢的课程之一)，可知学生不喜欢科学知识课程的原因是课程把重点放在了科学知识内容上而不是教学目的上，即选项C”更多地关注知识本身而不是个性的发展”。

2.细节事实题。根掘文章第二段中的Theemotionalelementsofmusic,dancing,painting,poetryanddramahaveastrongimpactonstudents.Forsciencetoevokethesamefeelings,itshouldbetaughtwiththehelpoftheexpressivearts(音乐、舞蹈、绘画、诗歌和戏剧中的情感因素对学生产生了很大的影响。如科学知识课程想要产生相同的影响，则需要借助于艺术表达)以及其中的关键词withthehelpoftheexpressivearts可知答案选项为D项。

3.主旨大意题。分析文章大意可知，文章首先提出了科学知识教学中学生觉得无聊的问题，后介绍了一种新的科学知识授课方法：戏剧法，其目的是培养学生学习科学知识的兴趣，戏剧教学手段是一种突破传统的创新尝试。选项A“通过戏剧教授科学知识”，文章中说的是在科学知识的教学中引用戏剧法而非直接通过戏剧教授科学知识，选项A属于偷换概念；选项B“培养学生的想象力”是教授科学知识的目的之一，不能作为文章的标题；选项C“科学知识课程中的表达艺术”也只是文章的具体内容不具有概括性；选项D“新的科学知识教学方法”是对文章内容的概括，故答案选项为D。

4.判断推理题。根据文章第二段中的起承上启下作用的句子Isn’tthereabetterchancethatstudentswhohavedevelopedaloveforsciencewilllearnitmoreeasily?Sciencetoocanbeaesthetic,creativeandemotional.“难道没有什么办法能让已经对