考研考博-英语-南京铁道职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京铁道职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Aftercontinualbickeringonquestionsofstrategy,LifinallyexhaustedTseng’spatiencebyrefusingtodraftforhimamemorial（）hetookexception.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.towhich

C.fromwhich

D.outofwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。takeexceptionto“不以为然，反对”。这里是将介词提前，和which引导定语从句，因此B选项正确。句意：不停地争论策略问题后，李终于因为拒绝为茨奥设计他……的纪念物而耗尽了茨奥的耐心。因此B选项正确。

2.不定项选择题

Howiscommunicationactuallyachieved?Itdepends,ofcourse,eitheronacommonlanguageoronknownconvention,oratleastonthebeginningsofthese.Butoften,especiallywithoriginalartistsandthinkers,theproblemisinonewaythatofcreatingalanguage,orcreatingaconvention,oratleastofdevelopingthelanguageandconventionstothepointwheretheyarecapableofbearingtheirprecisemeaning.Inliterature,inmusic,inthevisualarts,inthesciences,insocialthinking,inphilosophy,thiskindofdevelopmenthasoccurredagainandagain.Itoftentakesalongtimetogetthrough,andformanypeopleitwillremaindifficult.Butweneedneverthinkthatitisimpossible;creativeenergyismuchmorepowerfulthanwesometimessuppose.Whileamanisengagedinthisstruggletosaynewthingsinnewways,heisusuallymorethaneverconcentratedontheactualwork,andnotonitspossibleaudience.Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.

Inthissenseitistruethatitisthedutyofsocietytocreateconditionsinwhichsuchmencanlive.Forwhateverthevalueofanyindividualcontribution,thegeneralbodyofworkisofimmensevaluetoeveryone.Butofcoursethingsarenotsoformal,inreality.Thereisnotsocietyontheonehandandtheseindividualsontheother.Inordinaryliving,andinhiswork,thecontributorsharesinthelifeofhissociety,whichoftenaffectshimbothinminorwaysandinwayssometimessodeepthatheisnotevenawareofthem.Hisabilitytomakehisworkpublicdependsontheactualcommunicationsystem:thelanguageitself,orcertainvisualormusicalorscientificconventions,andtheinstitutionsthroughwhichthecommunicationwillbepassed.Theeffectoftheseonhisactualworkcanbealmostinfinitelyvariable.Foritisnotonlyacommunicationsystemoutsidehim;itisalso,howeveroriginalhemaybe,acommunicationsystemwhichisinfactpartofhimself.Manycontributorsmakeactiveuseofthiskindofinternalcommunicationsystem.Itistothemselves,inaway,thattheyfirstshowtheirconceptions,playtheirmusic,andpresenttheirarguments.Ifonemindhasgraspedit,thenitmaybeopentootherminds.

Thehistorianisalsocontinuallystruckbythefactthatmenofthiskindfeltisolatedattheverytimewheninrealitytheywerebeginningtogetthrough.Thiscanalsobenoticedinourowntime,whensomeofthemostdeeplyinfluentialmenfeelisolatedandevenrejected.Thesocietyandthecommunicationarethere,butitisdifficulttorecognizethem,difficulttobesure.

1.Creativeartistsandthinkersachievecommunicationby（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

3.Acommoncharacteristicofartistsandscientistsinvolvedincreativeworkisthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

5.Itisimpliedattheendofthepassagethathighlyoriginalindividualsfeelisolatedbecausethey（）.

问题1选项

A.dependingonsharedconventions

B.fashioningtheirownconventions

C.adjustingtheirpersonalfeelings

D.elaboratingacommonlanguage

问题2选项

A.philosophicalthinkingcontributestotheformulationofconventions

B.humancreativityissometimesunderestimated

C.developmentinliteraturefollowssimilarwaystothatofsciences

D.theroleofconventionsincommunicationisnotwellrecognized

问题3选项

A.theycareaboutthepossiblereactiontotheirwork

B.publicresponseisoneoftheprimaryconceits

C.theyarekeenlyawareofpublicinterestintheirwork

D.theyareindifferenttowardresponsetotheirwork

问题4选项

A.Individualcontributionscombinedpossessgreatsignificancetothepublic.

B.Goodcontributorsdon’tneglecttheuseofinternalcommunicationsystem.

C.Everyoneexceptthoseoriginalpeoplecomesundertheinfluenceofsociety.

D.Knowinghowtocommunicateisuniversalamonghumanbeings.

问题5选项

A.failtoacknowledgeanduseanacceptableformofcommunication

B.actuallydifferfromotherindividualsinthesameperiod

C.havelittleincommonwiththesocietyofthetime

D.refusetoadmitparallelsbetweenthemselvesandthesociety

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Butoften,especiallywithoriginalartistsandthinkers,theproblemisinonewaythatofcreatingalanguage,orcreatingaconvention,oratleastofdevelopingthelanguageandconventionstothepointwheretheyarecapableofbearingtheirprecisemeaning.但通常，特别是对原创艺术家和思想家来说，问题在某种程度上是创造一种语言，或创造一种惯例，或至少是发展语言和惯例，使它们能够承载它们的精确意义。”可知B项“形成他们自己的习俗”与原文相符。A项“根据共享的约定”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“调整他们的个人情感”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“阐述共同的语言”，原文并没有相关表达。因此B选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第六句“Butweneedneverthinkthatitisimpossible;creativeenergyismuchmorepowerfulthanwesometimessuppose.但是我们永远不要认为它是不可能的；创造力比我们有时想象的要强大得多。”可知B项“人类的创造力有时被低估了”与原文相符。A项“哲学思维有助于惯例的形成”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“文学的发展遵循与科学的发展相似的方式”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“习俗在沟通中的作用没有得到很好的认可”，原文并没有相关表达。因此B选项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段最后一句“Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.许多艺术家和科学家都有这种根本的不关心他们的作品会以何种方式被接受的想法。”可知D项“他们对别人对他们工作的反应漠不关心”与原文相符。A项“他们关心对他们工作的可能反应”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“公众的反应是主要的自负之一”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“他们强烈地意识到公众对他们工作的兴趣”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第五句“Inordinaryliving,andinhiswork,thecontributorsharesinthelifeofhissociety,whichoftenaffectshimbothinminorwaysandinwayssometimessodeepthatheisnotevenawareofthem.在日常生活中，在他的工作中，捐助者参与了他的社会生活。社会生活常常以微小的方式影响着他，有时影响是如此深远，以至他自己都没有意识到。”可知C项“除有独创性的人之外，所有人都受社会的影响”与原文相符。A项“结合在一起的个人贡献对公众有重要意义”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“好的贡献者不会忽视内部沟通系统的使用”，原文并没有相关表达；D选项“知道如何沟通是人类的共性”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Thesocietyandthecommunicationarethere,butitisdifficulttorecognizethem,difficulttobesure.社会和交流是存在的，但很难识别它们，很难确定。”与第一段中“Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.许多艺术家和科学家都有这种根本的不关心他们的作品会以何种方式被接受的想法。”可知A项“未能承认和使用一种可接受的交流方式”与原文相符。B项“实际上不同于同一时期的其他个体”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“与当时的社会几乎没有共同点”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“拒绝承认自己与社会的相似之处”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

TomMacaulay,beingadiligentyoungman,neverrefusesto________moreworkthathisbossassignedtohim.

问题1选项

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeoff

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项takeup“占据”；B选项takein“吸收，领会”；C选项takeoff“脱下，起飞”；D选项takeon“承担，承受”。句意：TomMacaulay作为一名勤奋的年轻人，从来不拒绝（）他老板派发给他的工作。派发的工作是要承担的，因而答案选D最为合适。

4.翻译题

Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind:itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanations.Thedifferencebetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistbymeansofhisbalanceisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking:butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.

Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionofacomplextrainofreasoning,oftheverysamekind,thoughdifferingindegree,asthatwhichascientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnaturalphenomena.

【答案】科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。用普通天平称物品的面包师与用精密天平的化学家在操作与方法上存在差别，但这种差别并不是两者的天平在构造和工作原理上存在不同，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。

在座的诸位中，大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动，这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在类型上是完全一样的。

5.单选题

ThevenerablemediaformathasbecomeoneofthemostubiquitouswaystopackagecontentontheWeb.

问题1选项

A.unique

B.omnipresent

C.effective

D.predictive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous在句中是“普遍存在的，无处不在的”，A选项unique“独特的”；B选项omnipresent“无处不在的”；C选项effective“有效的”；D选项predictive“预言性的”。句意：庄严的媒体格式已经成为网上承载内容最普遍的方式。根据句意B项正确。

6.单选题

Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe

notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic

legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence

goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert

Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwins,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibletodistinguishthecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.

Plomin’steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationin

intelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent；byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrenget

older，theybecomebetteratexploitingandmanipulatingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,

andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttofostertheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriends

whoarelike-minded.”ChildrenwithmediumtolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesand

activities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.

Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilitydoesn’t

meanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit，”saysSusanneJaeggi，“Fromourownwork,the

onesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhighergainsaftertraining.’’

Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeingtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.“Myinclinationwouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearcherPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedtosteerkidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”

1.Whatisthecommonnotionthatpeopleholdaboutgenes?

2.ThestudybyPlomin’steamaimstofindout(

)

3.Fromtheexperimentwithtwins,Plomin’steamdrawsaconclusionthat(

).

4.Theword“pattern”inparagraphfourisclosestinmeaningto(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingmightPlomin’steamleastagreeto?

问题1选项

A.Humanscandolittletochangethegeneticdifferencesbetweenpeople.

B.Geneticinfluencebecomesstrongerwhenpeoplereceiveeducation.

C.Genescontributemoretoone’sintelligencethanenvironmentalfactors.

D.Environmentalfactorslessentheinfluenceofgenesonone’sintelligence.

问题2选项

A.whethervariationsinintelligencearecausedbygeneticdifferences

B.howtooverpowergeneticfactorswithneweducationalapproaches

C.whethergeneticcontributiontoone’sintelligencevarieswithage

D.therelationshipbetweenenvironmentandgenes

问题3选项

A.geneticcontributionincreaseswhenonegrowsolder

B.geneticinfluencedecreaseswhenageincreases

C.environmenthasmoreimpactonfraternaltwinsthanidenticaltwins

D.itremainsamysteryhowgenesandenvironmentco-influencepeople

问题4选项

A.cognitiveability

B.strongheritability

C.geneticlegacy

D.challengingpastimes

问题5选项

A.Anidenticalcurriculumtoschoolchildren.

B.AdifferentiatedcoursedesigntochildrenwithvariedIQ.

C.MoreeffortdirectedatchildrenwithmediumorlowG.

D.Educationtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干：人们对基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“asweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation”可知大多数人认为，随着年龄增长，“environmentalinfluence环境影响”将逐渐大于“geneticlegacy基因遗传”。因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：Plomin的研究小组的目的是找出______。根据关键词“Plomin’steam”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage”可知他们的目的是找出基因贡献是否随着年龄增长而增加。因此选项C符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：从双胞胎的实验中，Plomin的团队得出了一个结论_______。第二段最后提到了双胞胎实验，第三段开头讲到实验结论“Plomin’steamcalculatedthat…”，第三句中“Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage”可推出实验结论就是基因影响随着年龄的增长而增加。因此选项A符合题意。

4.词义推测题。题干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。定位点在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plomin认为G较高的孩子会利用环境培养自己的认知能力并选择志同道合的朋友；而G较低的孩子可能会选择不那么有挑战的娱乐和活动，进而强化了他们的基因遗传。可知这里说的“pattern”就是孩子们认知能力的发展。因此选项A符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：下面哪个选项可能是Plomin的团队最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的团队认为应该进行差异化教育，对于G中低等的孩子应投入更多精力。因此选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Bysigningtheleasewemadea（

）topayarentof$200aweek.

问题1选项

A.conception

B.commission

C.commitment

D.confinement

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项conception“概念，设想”；B选项commission“委员会；佣金”；C选项commitment“承诺，保证”；D选项confinement“限制，监禁”。句意：通过签订租约，我们承诺每周支付200美元的租金。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Theyhavehadonlyon

（

）

togainthewealth.

问题1选项

A.objectivism

B.objection

C.objective

D.objectivity

【答案】C

【解析】形近词辨析。objectivism客观主义；objection反对,异议；objective目的,目标；objectivity客观性。句意:他们只有一个目标就是获得财富。选项C符合句意。

9.单选题

Everyhumanbeing,nomatterwhatheisdoing,givesoffbodyheat.Theusualproblemishowtodisposeofit.ButthedesignersoftheJohnstowncampusoftheUniversityofPittsburghsetthemselvestheoppositeproblemofhowtocollectbodyheat.Theyhavedesignedacollectionsystemwhichutilizesnotonlybodyheat,buttheheatgivenoffbysuchobjectsaslightbulbsandrefrigeratorsaswell.Thesystemworkssowellthatnoconventionalfuelisneededtomakethecampus’ssixbuildingscomfortable.Somepartsofmostmodernbuildings-theatresandofficesaswellasclassrooms-aremorethanamplyheatedbypeopleandlightsandsometimesmustbeair-conditioneveninwinter.Thetechniqueofsavingheatandredistributingitiscalled“heatrecovery”.AfewmodernbuildingrecoverheatbuttheUniversity’ssystemisthefirsttorecoverheatfromsomebuildingsandre-useitinothers.

Alongtheway,Pitthaslearnedagreatdealaboutsomeofitsheatproducers.Theharderastudentstudies,themoreheathisbodygivesoff.Malestudentsemitmoreheatthanfemalestudents,andthelargerastudent,themoreheatheproduces.ItistemptingtoconcludethatthehottestprospectfortheJohnstowncampuswouldbeahard-working,overweightmalegenius.

1.Untilrecently,bodyheathascausedproblemsbecauseit（

）

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheheatingsystemoftheJohnstowncampus?

3.AtJohnstowncampus,howmanyofthebuildingsareheatedentirelybytheheatcollectionsystem?

4.Inline6,“conventional”mostnearlymeans（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldproducetheLEASTamountofheat?

问题1选项

A.wasdifficulttocollect

B.cameinavarietyofforms

C.wasdifficulttogetridof

D.tendedtobeabsorbedbyphysicalobjects

问题2选项

A.Theheatissuppliedbyhumanbodiesonly

B.Thebestissuppliedbybothhumanbodiesandotherheat-emittingobjects

C.Theheatissuppliedbybothhumanbodiesandconventionalfuel.

D.Theheatissuppliedbyhumanbodies,otherheat-emittingobjects,andconventionalfuel

问题3选项

A.none

B.two

C.four

D.six

问题4选项

A.ordinary

B.powerful

C.electrical

D.extra

问题5选项

A.Afatfemalewhostudieshard

B.afatmalewhodoesnotstudy

C.Athinfemalewhodoesnotstudy

D.Athinmalewhostudieshard

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句Theusualproblemishowtodisposeofit提到关于热量的问题是如何处理它，选项C符合题意。

2.文章第一段Theyhavedesignedacollectionsystemwhichutilizesnotonlybodyheat,buttheheatgivenoffbysuchobjectsaslightbulbsandrefrigeratorsaswell提到热量主要来源于人体热量，和像电灯泡、冰箱这类物体，选项B符合题意。

3.文章第一段thesystemworkssowellthatnoconventionalfuelisneededtomakethecampus’ssixbuildingscomfortable提到学校的六栋建筑物，选项D符合题意。

4.题干中conventional的意思是“常见的”；所以选项A符合题意。

5.文章最后一句话ItistemptingtoconcludethatthehottestprospectfortheJohunstowncampuswouldbeahard-working,overweightmalegenius提到根据推测可得知一个超重的、勤奋的男性产生的热量是最多的。因此可以推测一个瘦小的、不勤奋的女性产生的热量是最少的。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Onlyonemoreweekandthecontractwill____.

问题1选项

A.runout

B.bringabout

C.putthrough

D.carryon

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.runout用完；到期B.bringabout引起

C.putthrough给……接通电话；使……遭受D.carryon继续；从事；进行

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】句意：再过一个星期，合同就……。根据句意，可以推测，再过一个星期，有效的合同就到期结束了。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B、C选项均不符合句意；

D选项，这里指的是合同再过一个星期就到期了，而不是合同继续，该选项不符合逻辑。

【句意】再过一个星期合同就到期了。

11.单选题

TheFrenchandtheAmericanshaveaverydifferentrelationshiptomoney,（

）andostentation.

问题1选项

A.obnoxious

B.obfuscate

C.optimum

D.opulence

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。obnoxious讨厌的；obfuscate使模糊；optimum最佳效果；opulence富裕。句意：法国人和美国人在对待金钱，奢华，以及炫富的关系上大不相同。空格处应填入一个和money并列的名词。

12.单选题

AmongthemorecolorfulcharactersofLeadville'sgoldenagewereH.A.W.Taborandhissecondwife,ElizabethMcCourt,betterknownas“BabyDoe”.TheirhistoryisfastbecomingoneofthelegendsoftheOldWest.HoraceAustinWarnerTaborwasaschoolteacherinVermont.WithhisfirstwifeandtwochildrenheleftVermontbycoveredwagonin1855tohomesteadinKansas.Perhapshedidnotfindfarmingtohisliking,orperhapshewasluredbyrumorsoffortunestobemadeinColoradomines.Atanyrate,afewyearslaterhemovedwesttothesmallColoradominingcampknownasCaliforniaGulch,whichhelaterrenamedLeadvillewhenhebecameitsleadingcitizen.“Greatdepositsofleadaresuretobefoundhere.”hesaid.

Asitturnedout,itwassilver,notlead,thatwastomakeLeadville’sfortuneandwealth.Taborknewlittleaboutmininghimself,soheopenedageneralstore,whichsoldeverythingfrombootstosalt,flour,andtobacco.Itwashiscustomto“grubstake”prospectiveminers,inotherwords,tosupplythemwithfoodandsupplies,or“grub”，whiletheylookedforore,inreturnforwhichhewouldgetashareinthemineifonewasdiscovered.Hedidthisforanumberofyearsbutnoonethatheaidedeverfoundanythingofvalue.

Finallyonedayintheyear1878,sothestorygoes,twominerscameinandaskedfor“grub”.Taborhaddecidedtoquitsupplyingitbecausehehadlosttoomuchmoneythatway.Thesewerepersistent,however,andTaborwastoobusytoarguewiththem.“Ohhelpyourself.Onemoretimewon’tmakeanydifference,”Hesaidandwentonsellingshoesandhatstoothercustomers.Thetwominerstook$17worthofsupplies,inreturnforwhichtheygaveTaboraone-thirdinterestintheirfindings.Theypickedabarrenplaceonthemountainsideandbegantodig.Afterninedaystheystruckarichveinofsilver.Taborboughtthesharesoftheothertwomen,andsotheminebelongedtohimalone.Thismine,knownasthe“PittsburghMine，”made$1300000forTaborinreturnforhis$17investment.

LaterTaborboughttheMatchlessMineonanotherbarrenhillsidejustoutsidethetownfor$117000.ThisturnedouttobeevenmorefabulousthanthePittsburgh,yielding$35000worthofsilverperdayatonetime.Leadvillegrew.Taborbecameitsfirstmayor,andlaterbecamelieutenantgovernorofthestate.

1.LeadvillegotitsnameforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT（）.

2.Theword“grubstake”inparagraph2means（）.

3.Tabormadehisfirstfortune（）.

4.TheunderlyingreasonforTabor’slifecareeris（）.

5.Ifthispassageisthefirstpartofanarticle,whomightbeintroducedinthefollowingpart?

问题1选项

A.becauseTaborbecameitsleadingcitizen

B.becausegreatdepositsofleadisexpectedtobefoundthere

C.becauseitcouldbringgoodfortunetoTabor

D.becauseitwasrenamed

问题2选项

A.tosupplyminerswithfoodandsupplies

B.toopenageneralstore

C.todoone'scontributiontothedevelopmentofthemine

D.tosupplyminerswithfoodandsuppliesandinreturngetashareinthemine,ifonewasdiscovered

问题3选项

A.bysupplyingtwoprospectiveminersandgettinginreturnaone-thirdinterestinthefindings

B.becausehewaspersuadedbythetwominerstoquitsupplying

C.bybuyingthesharesoftheother

D.asalandspeculator

问题4选项

A.purelyaccidental

B.basedontheanalysisofminer’sbeingverypoorandtheirpossibilityofdiscoveringprofitableminingsite

C.throughthehelpfromhissecondwife

D.heplannedwellandaccomplishedtargetsstepbystep

问题5选项

A.Tabor'slife.

B.Tabor'ssecondwife,ElizabethMcCourt.

C.Othercolorfulcharacters.

D.Tabor'sothercareers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“Atanyrate,afewyearslaterhemovedwesttothesmallColoradominingcampknownasCaliforniaGulch,whichhelaterrenamedLeadvillewhenhebecameitsleadingcitizen.“Greatdepositsofleadaresuretobefoundhere.”hesaid.不管怎么说，几年后，他搬到了西部一个名为加利福尼亚峡谷的科罗拉多小采矿营地，当他成为那里的主要公民后，他把这个营地重新命名为莱德维尔。“这里肯定能找到大量的铅矿藏。”他说。”可知有三个原因分别对应ABD项，C项“因为Leadville可以给Tabor带来财富”不正确，因为后来发现的是银矿，并且给他带来财富。

2.推理判断题。由第二段“Itwashiscustomto“grubstake”prospectiveminers,inotherwords,tosupplythemwithfoodandsupplies,or“grub”,whiletheylookedforore,inreturnforwhichhewouldgetashareinthemineifonewasdiscovered.他的习惯是“喂饱”潜在的矿工，换句话说，就是给他们提供食物和给养.如果发现了矿石，他可以得到一份矿石作为回报。”可知tosupply…是对该词的解释，故D项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段“Thetwominerstook$17worthofsupplies,inreturnforwhichtheygaveTaboraone-thirdinterestintheirfindings.Theypickedabarrenplaceonthemountainsideandbegantodig.Afterninedaystheystruckarichveinofsilver.Taborboughtthesharesoftheothertwomen,andsotheminebelongedtohimalone.Thismine,knownasthe“PittsburghMine，”made$1300000forTaborinreturnforhis$17investment.这两名矿工获得了价值17美元的补给品，作为回报，他们将他们发现的三分之一的股份给了塔博尔。他们在山坡上拣了一块贫瘠的地方开始挖。九天之后，他们发现了一个丰富的银矿矿脉。Tabor买下了另外两个人的股份，所以这个矿就归他一个人了。这个矿，被称为“匹兹堡矿”，为塔伯赚了130万美元，回报是他17美元的投资。”可知Tabor的第一份财富来自于他给别人提供食物，然后别人给了三分之一的股份给他。故A项正确。

4.推理判断题。Tabor的财富来源具有一定的偶然性，但也是基于他开创的grubstake模式，分析选项可知只有B项正确。

5.推理判断题。全文花了大量笔墨写了男主人公Tabor的故事，其中提到了她的第二任妻子，所以如果文章继续写下去，接下来会讲述他妻子的故事。故B项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

13.单选题

Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.Butforgivenessispossible-—anditcansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

“Peoplewhoforgiveshowlessdepression,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,”saysFrederic,Ph.D.,authorofForgiveforGood.“Soitcanhelpsaveonthewearandtearonourorgans,reducethewearingoutoftheimmunesystemandallowpeopletofeelmorevital.”

Sohowdoyoustartthehealing?Tryfollowingthesesteps:

Calmyourself.Todefuseyouranger,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.“Takeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,someoneyoulove,”Fredericsays.

Don’twaitforanapology.“Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyouhasnointentionofapologizing,”Fredericsays.“Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.Soifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.”Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender.Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.“Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou,”Fredericsays.

Trytoseethingsfromtheotherperson’sperspective.Ifyouempathizewiththatperson,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofignorance,fear,evenlove.Togainperspective,youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview.

Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhoforgivereportmoreenergy,betterappetiteandbettersleeppatterns.

Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.“Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge,”Fredericsays.“Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.”

1.Forgivenessis（）

2.Whatdoes“wearandtear”mean?

3.WhichisNotthetechniqueofhealing?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.easytodo

B.noble

C.onlybeneficialtophysicalhealth

D.impossibletogetyourgrudgego

问题2选项

A.Damageresultingfromordinaryuse.

B.Energy.

C.Friction.

D.Moisture.

问题3选项

A.Inhaledeeply.

B.Mentallyreplayyourhurtoften.

C.Distractyourattention.

D.Thinkinanotherpointofview.

问题4选项

A.Thepersonwhohurtyouissuretomakeanapologytoyoulateron.

B.Youmaycondoneothers’wrongdoings.

C.Forgivenessdoesn’tequalobeyance.

D.Youshouldnegotiatewiththepersonwhoupsetyou.

问题5选项

A.Waystogetwellfromyourhurt.

B.Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.

C.Forgivenessbenefitstoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

D.AnintroductiontothebookForgiveforGood.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句可知选项A错误；而divine与noble同义,所以选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“forgivenesscansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth”可知选项C错误；根据第一段的第二句“itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。

2.语义题。damageresultingfromordinaryuse日常中的损伤；friction摩擦力；moisture水分,湿度。根据原文可知,这里指可以帮助我们减少器官的磨损。选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第六段的第二句“Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.”在心里重演你的伤痛,只会给予伤害你的人力量。所以选项B并不是治疗的好方法。

4.判断推理题。根据第五段的最后一句“forgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.”宽恕并不一定意味着与让你心烦的人和解,也不意味着宽恕他或她的行为。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。forgiveness为本文的关键词,再结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲如何宽恕以及宽恕的益处。选项C更符合原文。其他选项都太片面。

14.单选题

Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallock