考研考博-英语-四川电力职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川电力职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto（）.

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（）.

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

问题2选项

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

问题3选项

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

问题4选项

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

问题5选项

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻译为：1962年2月，一篇发表在《科学美国人》杂志上的文章报道了一组经典的实验，以确定过量种群对老鼠群落的影响。结合后文，可以得知B选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻译为“然后，他通过移除那些不依赖母亲的后代来稳定人口。”因此B为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻译为：卡尔霍恩和他的同事能够得出结论，过度拥挤会导致老鼠之间正常的社会关系破裂，这是一种社会疾病。则排除B选项；由C选项可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻译为：实验中的老鼠没有与生活在不过度拥挤环境的老鼠一样遵循同样的行为模式。则排除C选项；由D项可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻译为：卡尔霍恩从经验中得知……，则排除D选项；可以得知A选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻译为：母亲们有时会抛弃他们的幼崽……则排除B选项；由C选项可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻译为：他们表现出异常的母性行为。则排除C选项；由D项可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻译为：在正常情况下，一只老鼠妈妈不会让她的幼崽独自死去。则排除D选项；因此A项“所有雄性大鼠均表现出病态行为”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。根据B项“主导性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一样严重地受到过度拥挤的影响”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻译为：在大鼠种群中，主导性的雄性种群受到的影响最小。故选B。

2.单选题

Herwhiteblousewasterribly（）withinkastheinkbottleoverturnedandspiltover.

问题1选项

A.marked

B.merged

C.stained

D.colored

【答案】C

【解析】mark标志,做记号；merge合并,融合；stain被污染,玷污；color粉饰,给...涂颜色。根据句意可知,这里指她的白衬衫被墨水污染,所以选项C正确。

3.单选题

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（

）ofabrilliantcareer.

问题1选项

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考察介词短语搭配。没有ontheporch这个搭配，排除选项A；onthethreshold“即将开始”；ontheedgeof“在……的边缘”；onthecourseof“在……的过程中”。句意：作为学校里最年轻的教授，布朗先生正处在辉煌事业的开始阶段。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Theinvestigationintothefoodsafetyincidentoverdairyproductstaintedwithmelamineis（

）

问题1选项

A.preceding

B.prescribing

C.proceeding

D.processing

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项precede“先于、领先”；B选项prescribe“规定、开处方”；C选项proceed“开始、继续进行”；D选项process“处理、加工”，句意为：对于奶制品受三聚氰胺污染的食品安全事件，调查仍然在继续。故正确答案选C。

5.单选题

______herpeninink,whensheheardthetrampingoflittlefeetalongthehall,andthenapoundingatherdoor.

问题1选项

A.Nosoonerhasshedipped

B.Scarcelyhadshedipped

C.Assoonasshehaddipped

D.Hardlyshehasdipped

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Nosoonerhasshedipped她一蘸B.Scarcelyhadshedipped她刚蘸

C.Assoonasshehaddipped她刚蘸就D.Hardlyshehasdipped她刚蘸

【考查点】倒装句。

【解题思路】根据when可知，scarcely/hardly…when表示“刚……就”，而scarcely/hardly位于句首就要进行部分倒装，所以B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项要与than搭配使用；

C项不需要与when搭配；

D项没有部分倒装。

【句意】她刚把笔蘸上墨水，就听见大厅外的脚步声，然后是敲门声。

6.单选题

Goodsalesmenknowby（）thebestapproachtotakewithaparticularcustomer.

问题1选项

A.bent

B.genius

C.instinct

D.faculty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bent“天赋，爱好”；B选项genius“天才，天赋”；C选项instinct“本能，直觉”；D选项faculty“能力，功能”。句意：优秀的推销员凭直觉就知道应对特定客户的最佳方法。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

7.单选题

Beijingisa（）city,andstillmorepeoplearepouringin.

问题1选项

A.popular

B.populate

C.populace

D.populous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。popular“受欢迎的”；populate“居住于”，是动词；populace“大众，平民”；populous“人口多的”。句意：北京是一座人口稠密的城市，仍然还有很多人涌入。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies—fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn-fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.

AtHolmes'side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.

ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney;theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud's,wherehewas"delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers."

Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas"asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney."Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes'firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn'ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia，ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle'slifewouldneverbethesame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTproperindescribingSherlockHolmes?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamily?

3.ConanDoylefelt（）abouthisfirstvisittoLondon.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.ConanDoyle'sshortstory"AScandalinBohemia"turnedouttobe（）atlast.

问题1选项

A.Sociable

B.Rational

C.Cunning

D.Intelligent

问题2选项

A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.

B.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.

D.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.

问题3选项

A.awful

B.pleasant

C.memorable

D.horrible

问题4选项

A.themorecallusesapersonhas,themoreprofessionalhewouldbe

B.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiences

C.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething

D.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccess

问题5选项

A.ridiculous

B.powerful

C.successful

D.frustrating

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：下列哪一项不适合描述夏洛克•福尔摩斯？根据原文第一段第二句“Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks”可知，福尔摩斯的形象是：有着弯曲烟斗和喜好可卡因的绅士，善于演绎推理和精心伪装的大师，并且在犯罪文学、电影、电视、漫画和漫画书中都留下了印记。由此可知，B、C、D选项均属于对福尔摩斯人物的描述，但原文并未提及他的社交方面，由此可判断B选项错误。故本题正确答案为A选项。

2.细节事实题。题干询问：下列对柯南道尔和他的家庭描述中哪一项表述不正确？根据原文第三段可知，柯南道尔出生于爱丁堡一个中产阶级家庭，生活并不轻松，钱总是不够用，还得经常搬家。他的父亲是个公务员兼插画家，还是个酒鬼，不得不送去了收容机构。由此可判断A、C、D选项描述均正确。在原文中并没有过多提到福尔摩斯的母亲，只提到他早期给母亲写过信，因此无从判断他母亲接受教育的情况。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

3.细节事实题。题干询问：柯南道尔对第一次伦敦之行感到……。根据题干关键信息“hisfirstvisittoLondon”可定位到原文第三段最后一句，作者用到了“unforgettable”来描述，由此可知这段旅行应该是“难忘的”。故本题正确答案为C选项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问：由文章最后一段可推断得出……。原文最后一段讲述的是柯南道尔经历了种种失败和挫折后最后取得成功的故事。由此可以判断D选项表述正确。由原文最后一段第二句“ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession…”可知，老茧的位置可以揭示一个人的职业，但并不表示老茧越多，他就越专业，可判断A选项表述错误。原文只是提到柯南道尔的其中一部文学作品是以Bell医生为原型，但无法得出作家经常以个人经历作为写作基础，可排除B选项。C选项“灵感对于个人创作非常重要”不能由原文最后一段推断得出，也可排除。故本题正确答案为D选项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问：柯南•道尔的短篇小说《波西米亚丑闻》最终被证明是（）。根据题干关键信息定位到原文最后一段最后两句。由原文信息可知，1888年，福尔摩斯在Strand杂志上刊登了短篇小说《波西米亚丑闻》，这篇小说的男主角风靡一时，柯南道尔的人生也因此发生了变化。由此可以判断，柯南道尔的小说最后大获成功。本题正确答案为C选项

9.单选题

Thefathercan’tevendisciplinehimself,______agoodexampletohischildren.

问题1选项

A.muchmoretoset

B.muchlesssetting

C.muchlesstoset

D.stillmoresetting

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项muchmore“更加；多得多”，后面接形容词；B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”，后面可跟名词、代词和从句；C选项muchlesstodo非固定搭配；D选项stillmore“更加”。句意：这位父亲甚至不能约束自己，______给他的孩子做个好榜样了。根据语境，这里指不能约束自己，就更加不能做个好榜样了，B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained10,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14-layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.

Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris,rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Inthefirstsentence,theauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,thefirstphenomenontocontributetotheformationoftheGrandCanyonwas（）.

4.Whatwasthegeographicpositionoftheupwarpapproximately65millionyearsago?

5.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.

B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyon.

C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.

D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.

问题2选项

A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsion

B.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttothestateofColorado

C.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth'ssurface

D.ithascausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves.

问题3选项

A.aseriesofvolcaniceruptions

B.thecollapseofrockformationsintheColoradoPlateau

C.asuccessionoffloodsfromtheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

D.theEarth’sinternalpressureliftingtheColoradoPlateauregion

问题4选项

A.TotheeastofwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver’

B.TothewestoftheHualapaiRiver

C.AtthesourceoftheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

D.BetweentheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

问题5选项

A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging

B.Thecuttingactionscarvenewstreamsalongitssides

C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears

D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。首段提出大峡谷的形成是一个缓慢而有序的侵蚀过程，中间两段则是对大峡谷的形成原因和过程进行了详细分析，最后一段指出大峡谷的形成原因还包括其他一些外力因素。因此B项“导致大峡谷产生的各种力量”符合文章主旨。

第2题:判断推理题。对于“wound”的理解可参考:thisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface(地球表面上的这道巨大的伤痕)。因此这里使用了比喻的修辞手法。C项“它（即大峡谷）看起来像地球表面上的一个伤口”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第三段指出:Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure(大约6500万年前，大峡谷地区的高原平面由于内部压力而向上隆起)。因此D项“地球的内部压力抬起了科罗拉多高原地区”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai.flowingwestoftheupwarp(位于该上翘东边的这些河中的一条是科罗拉多河的前身。另一条被称为华拉派河的河流在该上翘的西边……)。由此可知，大约6500万年前，上翘的地理位置在华拉派河和如今的科罗拉多河之间。

第5题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative(从那以后，大峡谷的形成一直是累积的)，因此，A项“它的轮廓是不断变化的”正确。

11.单选题

Eachoftheearlyarticlesabouttelevisionisinvariablyaccompaniedbyaphotographorillustrationshowingafamilycozilysittingtogetherbeforethetelevisionset.JennysatonMom'slap.BuddyperchedonthearmofDad’schair,DadwithhisarmaroundMon’sshoulder.WhocouldhaveguessesthattwentyorsoyearslaterMomwouldbewatchingadramainthekitchen,thekidswouldbelookingatcartoonsintheirroom,whileDadwouldbetakingintheballgameinthelivingroom?

Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous.Thesplinteringofthemultiple-setfamilywassomethingtheearlywriterscouldnotforesee.Nordidanyoneimaginethenumberofhourschildrenwouldeventuallydevotetotelevision,thecommonuseoftelevisionbyparentsasachildpacifier,thechangestelevisionwouldeffectuponchild——rearingmethods,theincreasingdominationoffamilyschedulesbychildren'sviewingrequirements—inshort,thepowerofthenewmediumtodominatefamilylife.

Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents.“Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally.”Writetheauthorsofanearlyandinfluentialstudyoftelevision’seffectsonchildren.Inotherwords,ifthechild’shomelifeisallright,parentsneednotworryabouttheeffectsofallthattelevisionwatching.

Buttelevisiondoesnotmerelyinfluencethechild;itdeeplyinfluencesthe“patternofinfluences’,thatismeanttoameliorateitseffects.Homeandfamilylifehaschangedinimportantwayssincetheadventoftelevision.Thepeergrouphasbecometelevision-oriented,aridmuchofthetimechildrenspendtogetherisoccupiedbytelevisionviewing.Culturegenerallyhasbeentransformedbytelevision.Thereforeitisimpropertoassigntotelevisionthesubsidiaryroleitsmanyapologists(toooftenmembersofthetelevisionindustry)insistitplays.Televisionisnotmerelyoneofanumberofimportantinfluencesupontoday’schild.Throughthechangesithasmadeinfamilylife,televisionemergesastheimportantinfluenceinchildren’slivestoday.

Television’scontributiontofamilylifehasbeenanequivocalone.Forwhileithas,indeed,keptthemembersofthefamilyfromdispersing,ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether.Byitsdominationofthetimefamiliesspendtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother,aqualitythatdependstoagreatextentonwhatafamilydoes,whatspecialrituals，games,recurrentjokes,familiarsongsandsharedactivitiesitaccumulates.

1.ThereasonforwhyearlyillustrationabouttelevisionshowsanentirefamilywatchingTVtogethermightbe（）.

2.Thequotationinthethirdparagraphillustratesthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,televisionbringschangestoallofthefollowingspheresEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatdoestelevisiondotodomesticlifeaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Theaimoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.thatpeopleregardedTVasameanstobringtogetherthewholefamily

B.thatearlyTVprogramsweresointersectingthateverybodyisthefamilywasattractedtothem

C.thatpeopleatthattimecouldn’timaginethattheycouldaffordmorethanonetelevisionathome

D.thatpeoplehadamoreleisurelylifethantheydonow

问题2选项

A.televisionexertedagreatinfluenceinsociety

B.someauthorswantedtorelievetheparents’worriesaboutthepossiblenegativeeffectoftelevisiononchildren.

C.televisiondidexertabadinfluenceonchildren

D.televisionchangedthealreadyexistedpatternofinfluences

问题3选项

A.technological

B.religious

C.domestic

D.educational

问题4选项

A.Itdestroystheformerlypeacefulenvironmentthatistypicalofafamily.

B.Itisolateseachindividualfamily.

C.Itsharpensthedifferencebetweenonefamilyandanother

D.Itmakesallfamiliesthesameintermsoftheirdomesticactivities

问题5选项

A.inform

B.comment

C.explain

D.changealong-standingview

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous(当然，电视机在早期是非常昂贵的。到1975年，超过60%的美国家庭将拥有两套或更多的电视机，这种想法在当时看来是荒谬的)。因此C项“当时，人们无法想象一个家庭拥有一台以上电视机”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。对第三段引号部分内容的理解可参考第三段第一句:Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents(后来，随着孩子们对看电视时间的增加，加上家长们担心看这么多电视可能产生的影响，早期有一个很有影响力的关于电视对孩子影响的研究，其作者不断重复的话让很多家长消除了忧虑)。因此选B项“一些作者想消除家长对于看电视会对孩子产生的负面影响方面的担忧”。

第3题:细节事实题。第三段第二句指出:Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally(电视总是会通过进入已经存在的影响模式产生影响：家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化)。因此，此题选A项“技术”。

第4题:判断推理题。最后一段指出:ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother(它通过支配家人在一起的时间，毁掉了每个家庭独一无二的特性)。因此D项“使得所有家庭的家庭生活同一化”正确。

第5题:作者意图题。文章主要阐述了现在电视对人类生活产生的影响，如家庭、同龄人群体、学校、教堂和文化等各个方面，因此C项“阐述”正确。

12.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew£3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.

【答案】能源部长查尔斯•亨得利上周宣布，将钚转化为MOX（混合氧化物燃料）仍然在计划中，但是只有在能负担得起和有收益的情况下，才会建造一项新的30亿英磅（47亿美元）的工厂。尽管乍一看，这在财政上似乎是谨慎的，但与最近发生的其他事件相结合，就开始显得荒谬了。就在几周前，NDA（核退役管理局）回应了政府自己提出的考虑如何处理库存的请求，建议制造MOX的成本大于其作为燃料的价值。因此，最经济实惠的计划将是继续储存钚，直到有地质处理设施可以将其埋在地下为止。那么到底发生了什么？为了弄清这一切，《自然》透过英国核工业的镜子审视了这一切。

13.单选题

（）,Shakespearewasalsoaprolificwriterofsonnets.

问题1选项

A.Notingforhisplays

B.Notesofhisplays,

C.Famousplays

D.Notedforhisplays

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，逗号后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的动词需要变为非谓语形式，而note与主句主语Shakespeare之间是被动关系，因此，正确答案为D项。句意：看莎士比亚的作品可知，他也是一个多产的短诗作者。

14.单选题

Humble（

）itmaybe,there’snoplacelikehome,（

）hermaygo.

问题1选项

A.like,when

B.as,wherever

C.although,where

D.which,wherever

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。as引导让步状语从句必须进行倒装，此处将表语humble提前；wherever意为“无论哪儿”，引导地点状语从句。

句意：尽管家很简陋，但无论她去哪儿，没有一个地方可以和家相提并论。

15.单选题

Inthelatetwentiethcentury,onemoresymbolicidealofmanhoodhademerged,the“spiritualwarrior”.ConjuredupintheteachingofRobertBlyandotherleadersofthemythopoeticmen’smovement,thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture.Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale.Thespiritualwarriorbelieveshehaslosttouchwiththosepassionsandlosthisabilitytoconnectdirectlywithothermen.Intheprocess,hehasbeenpreventedfromfulfillinghisdeepestspiritualneedsaswell.

Thisunderstandingofmanhoodappealsintenselytomanymenbecauseofitsfocusonfatherhood.Blyandotherslamentthegrowingdistancebetweenfathersandsonsinthemodernworld.Theteachersofthespiritualwarrioridealseethediscriminationofsonsfromtheirfathersrepeatingitselfinthedisconnectionofmenfrompassion,fromthespirit,fromtheirfellowmen.Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemov