考研考博-英语-四川电影电视学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川电影电视学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad（）fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

问题1选项

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fade“褪色，凋谢，逐渐消失”；B选项illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；C选项confine“限制，禁闭”；D选项concern“关系到，涉及”。句意：在他65岁时，童年的所有记忆都从他的脑海中消失了。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

2.单选题

Diseaseisafluidconceptinfluencedbysocietalandculturalattitudesthatchangediachronicallyinresponsetonewscientificandmedicaldiscoveries.Historically,doctorsdefinedadiseaseaccordingtoaclusterofsymptoms,andastheirclinicaldescriptionsbecamemoresophisticatedtheystartedtoclassifydiseasesintoseparategroups,sothatfromthismedicaltaxonomycamenewinsightsintodiseaseetiology.Beforethe20thcentury,schizophreniaandsyphiliticinsanityweretreatedasthesamedisease,butbyearly1900itbecameevidentthatpsychoseswithoutassociateddementiarepresentedaseparatediseaseforwhichthetermschizophreniawasthencoined.Thedefinitionofschizophreniacontinuestoevolvefromthepsychiatricdiseaseofthe1960stoanillnesswithasuspectedgeneticetiology,thoughtheexistenceofsuchanetiologyremainsuncertain.Whileanoptimistichuntisstillonforthegenesinvolved,wemustcontinuetodefineschizophreniaintermsofthepresenceorabsenceof“positive”and“negative”symptoms.

Labelingsomeoneasdiseased,however,hasenormousindividual,social,financial,andphysicimplications,forirrespectiveofdiseasesymptoms,thelabelitselfmayleadtosignificantdistress.Individualswithasymptomaticconditions,includinggeneticvariations,maybeperceivedbythemselvesorothersashavingadisease.Itisnotthatlabelingsomeoneasdiseasedisalwayspositive—itdoeshavesevereramifications,affectingdecisionstohavechildrenorresultinginunjusttreatmentbylife,medical,anddisabilityinsurers—butitcanbebeneficial,legitimizingsymptoms,clarifyingissuesofpersonalresponsibility,andimprovingaccessibilitytohealthcare.Nevertheless,deviationsfromnormalthatarenotassociatedwithriskshouldnotbeconsideredsynonymouswithdisease.Twoschools—nominalistandessentialistorreductionist-havedebatedtheclinicalcriteriausedtolabelapatientasdiseased.Nominalistslabelsymptomswithadiseasename,suchasschizophrenia,anddonotofferanexplanationoftheunderlyingetiology,whileessentialistscontendthatforeverydiseasethereisanunderlyingpathologicaletiology,andnowarguethattheessentiallesiondefiningthediseasestateisageneticabnormality.

Ithasbeensuggestedthatdiseasesdefinedaccordingtotheessentialisttraditionmaybepreciselywrong,whereasthosedefinedinthenominalisttraditionalmayberoughlyaccurate.Butinlabelingadiseasestate,wemustconsiderboththephenotype(symptoms)orthegenotype(geneticabnormality),foradverseconsequences,whilethelatterhelpssuggestspecificgeneticorpharmacologictherapies.Thus,bothclinicalcriteriaandgeneticabnormalitiesshouldbeusedtodefineadiseasestate,andthechoiceofadiseasedefinitionwillvaryaccordingtowhatonewishestoachieve,thegeneticcounselingoffamilymembersortheeffectivetreatmentofthepatient.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthewayschizophreniahasbeenclassifiedbydoctorsafter1960stobeanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

3.Accordingtothepassage,anadherentofthe“nominalistschool'wouldclassifyararenewfeverinwhichofthefollowingways?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

5.Itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingsituationsislikelytobemostproblematictoanadherentofthe“essentialist”methodofpathologicaltaxonomy?

问题1选项

A.proposingareturntoatraditionaltaxonomicalsystem

B.describingawaytoresolveataxonomicaldilemma

C.assessingthesuccessofanewtaxonomicalmethod

D.predictingachangeinfuturetaxonomy

问题2选项

A.Adiseasewhichresistedtraditionalmethodsofclassification,buthasbeenservedwellbymodernmethodsofclassification.

B.Adiseasewhichhasresistedmodernmethodsofclassification,andcontinuestorequireatraditionalmethodofclassification.

C.Adiseasewhichsatisfiesmodernmethodsofclassificationbest,butwhichscientistsprefertoclassifythroughatraditionalmethod.

D.Adiseasewhichsatisfiestraditionalmethodsofclassificationbest,butwhichscientistsprefertoclassifythroughamodernmethod.

问题3选项

A.Shewouldwaituntilthediseaseappearsinotherpatients,thenclassifyitbyestablishingvariationsintheirsymptoms.

B.Shewoulddeterminewhetherthediseaseisacquiredorgenetic,thenclassifyitaccordingly.

C.Shewouldisolatethebacteriaorvirusorgeneticanomalywhichcausesthedisease,thenclassifyitaccordingly.

D.Shewoulddescribethepatient’ssymptoms,comparethemtopatientswhohavehadsimilarsymptoms,thentreatthepatternasadisease.

问题4选项

A.Itsummarizesthebenefitsthatmayaccruefromaperfectedsystemofpathologicaltaxonomy.

B.Itprovidesadditionalreasonswhypathologicaltaxonomyisadifficultendeavor.

C.Itarguesforasynthesisoftwomethodsofpathologicaltaxonomyalreadyinuse.

D.Itcontinuestohighlightthedifferencesbetweentwomethodsoftaxonomicalpathologicaltaxonomy.

问题5选项

A.Apatientsufferingfromfever,inwhichthevirusthatisapparentlyresponsibleforthesymptomshasnotbeenisolated.

B.Apatientsufferingfromlunginflammationwhich,thoughresemblingotherinflammations,doesnotrespondtoanyknowntreatments.

C.Apatientsufferingfromageneticanomalywhosecausemaybeknownbutwhoseconsequencesremainunidentified.

D.Acaseofapatientwithsymptomsthatmayhavearisenfromtwoknowndiseasesofdifferentsources.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章第一二段提到在确诊疾病的依据时，有两个不同的派别：唯名论者（nominalist）和本质主义者（essentialist），前者用疾病名称来标记症状（Nominalistslabelsymptomswithadiseasename），后者认为每一种疾病都有病理病因（Whileessentialistscontendthatforeverydiseasethereisanunderlyingpathologicaletiology）；文章在最后一段提出在确诊时，临床症状和基因都应该考虑（Butinlabelingadiseasestate,wemustconsiderboththephenotype(symptoms)orthegenotype(geneticabnormality)），选项B“提出一种解决疾病分类进退两难处境的方法”符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到“对精神分裂症的定义从20世纪60年代的精神疾病演变成一种疑似遗传病因的疾病，尽管这种病因还不确定”（Thedefinitionofschizophreniacontinuestoevolvefromthepsychiatricdiseaseofthe1960stoanillnesswithasuspectedgeneticetiology,thoughtheexistenceofsuchanetiologyremainsuncertain），由此可知选项D“一种满足传统分类方法的疾病，但是科学家更愿意通过现代方法来分类”符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。文章第二段提到“唯名论者用疾病名称来标记各类症状，例如精神分裂症，并且没有对潜在的病因作任何解释”（Nominalistslabelsymptomswithadiseasename,suchasschizophrenia,anddonotofferanexplanationoftheunderlyingetiology），选项D“她会描述患者的症状，跟那些有同样症状的病人比较，然后将他们定义为患同一种疾病”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“但是在确诊一种疾病时，临床症状和基因异常都应该被考虑在内”（Butinlabelingadiseasestate,wemustconsiderboththephenotype(symptoms)orthegenotype(geneticabnormality)），由此可知选项C“提出综合两种正在使用的病理分类方法”符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。文章第二段的最后提到“然后本质主义者认为每种疾病都有一个病理学上的病因，而且现在认为决定病情最本质的病变是基因异常”（whileessentialistscontendthatforeverydiseasethereisanunderlyingpathologicaletiology,andnowarguethattheessentiallesiondefiningthediseasestateisageneticabnormality），选项A“一名明显是由病毒感染而引起发烧的病人”符合题意。

3.单选题

Iremindedhimthatwehadaskedforanordinaryroom,notaspecialroom,andwhenIinquiredwhatisunusualaboutourroom,heseemednottowanttoanswer.

问题1选项

A.hadaskedforanordinaryroom，not

B.inquiredwhat

C.unusualabout

D.seemednottowant

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】形容词误用。将unusual改为special。句意:我提醒他,我们要求入住的是普通间,而不是专用房，并且，当我询问我们的房间有什么特殊时,他似乎不想回答。unusual不寻常的；不平常的。special特别的；专门的。

4.单选题

Attheageof40,hehadalready（）agreatfortunethroughsuccessfulfinancial

dealings.

问题1选项

A.pierced

B.assessed

C.amassed

D.agitated

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。句意：在40岁的时候，他已经通过成功的金融交易积累了大量财富。因此选C。

5.单选题

The______ofmaterialismhasdominatedthethinkingofyoungpeopleandledthemtopursueasmuchpersonalgainsaspossible.

问题1选项

A.lure

B.tempt

C.seduce

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.lure吸引力；诱惑力n.B.tempt引诱；诱惑v.

C.seduce诱奸v.D.induce劝说；诱使v.

【考查点】名词和动词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，The______ofmaterialism是句子的主语，主语应该为名词、代词或名词性短语，所以空格处要填入一个名词，故只有A项符合条件。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都是动词，不符合句子语法结构。

【句意】物质主义的诱惑主导了年轻人的思想，使他们尽可能地追求个人利益。

6.单选题

Itisoftendifficultto（

）betweenamereexaggerationandadeliberatelylying.

问题1选项

A.disguise

B.cultivate

C.originate

D.discriminate

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disguise“掩饰，隐瞒”；B选项cultivate“培养”；C选项originate“引起，创作”；D选项discriminate“区别，辨别”。

句意：人们常常很难区分纯粹夸张和故意撒谎。选项D符合语境。

7.单选题

Withapopulationof320,000-justonetenththatoftheBeijingdistrictwhereitkeepsitsembassytoChina-IcelandhasrecentlybecomeanobjectofinordinateinteresttoChinesepolicymakers.Thetwonationssignedafree-tradeagreementonApril15th,China'sfirstwithanyEuropeannation.ButwiththeinherentlytinypotentialofIceland’smarket,andthelackofanyroundaboutlow-tariffaccesstootherEuropeanmarketsthroughthisdeal,tradealonecannotaccountforChina'sinfatuationwithIceland.

ThemorelikelyattractionforChinaisaccesstoimprovingshippingroutesthroughtheArcticasthatregionwarmsduetoclimatecharge.Lastmonth,oneofChina'stopexpertsonpolarpolicypredictedthat,by2020,asmuchas15%ofhiscountry’stradewouldmovethroughtheArctic'sNorthernSeaRoute.Evenifthatestimateisexaggerated,thereisnoreasontodoubtthatcontinuedshrinkingofArcticicecoverwillenhancethearea’simportance.

LikeSouthKoreaandJapan,ChinahopesnextmonthtobeapprovedforpermanentobserverstatusontheArcticCouncil,aneight-memberintergovernmentalbodythatseekstoco-ordinatepolicyforthearea.Butodd-lookingeffortbyaChinesedevelopertobuildan"eco-golfcourse"andluxuryresortona300squarekmtractinIceland’sdesolatenorth-eastcomeralsoarousedsuspicionsaboutChina'sstrategicintentionsintheregion.ThelogicbehindtheproposaltocreateahavenofsolitudeandcleanairforwealthyChinesevisitorsfailedtoconvinceIcelandicofficials,whodidnotagreetowaiverestrictionsagainstforeignownershipofland.

Thenewtradeagreement,signedduringafive-dayvisittoChinabyIceland’sprimeminister,JohannaSigurdardottir,willresultinthewaiverincomingyearsofmosttariffs,inthetwocountries'bilateraltrade,whichlastyearroseto$424m,byIceland’sreckoning.

ButforChina,theabilitytoimportmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutieswouldseemtopaleincomparisontotheimportanceofenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion.

AccordingtoAnne-MarieBrady,anexpertatNewZealand’sUniversityofCanterbury,currentarrangementsleaveChinashutoutofmultilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.Thedesiretohaveagreatersay,andassertitslegitimateinterestsintheregion,sherecentlywrote,isbehindacuriousnewbitofofficialphraseology.China’sownexpertshavetakentocallingita"nearArcticstate."

1.WhatisthepopulationofBeijingaccordingtothetext?

2.WhyisitimportantforChinatoimproveshippingroutesthroughtheArctic?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapermanentobserverstateoftheArcticCouncil?

4.Accordingtothetext,thephrase"nearArcticstate”indicatesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext？

问题1选项

A.32,000

B.3,200,000

C.32,000,000

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题2选项

A.BecausetheArcticicecoveriscontinuingshrinking.

B.Becauseasmuchas15%ofthetradesinChinawouldmovethroughtheArctic’sNorthernSeaRouteby2020.

C.BecauseChinesedeveloperstendtobuild"eco-golfcourses'andluxuryresortsinIceland.

D.BecauseIcelandicofficialsdonotagreetowaiverestrictionsagainstforeignownershipofland.

问题3选项

A.Netherlands.

B.SouthKorea.

C.UnitedKingdom.

D.Spain.

问题4选项

A.ChinaisacountrylocatednearArcticstate.

B.ChinaisnowinfatuatedwithIceland.

C.ChinaiswillingtoenhancingitsinfluenceintheArcticregion.

D.Chinaistakingpartinthedecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.

问题5选项

A.ChinaprefersimportingmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutiesratherthanenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion.

B.Icelandisthefirstcountrytosignafree-tradeagreementwithChina.

C.TheArcticCouncilisanintergovernmentalbodywitheightmembersthatseekstoco-ordinatepolicyforthearea.

D.Thenewtradeagreementwillresultinthewaiverincomingyearsoftariffsinthetwocountries’bilateraltrade.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。第一段指出“justonetenththatoftheBeijingdistrictwhereitkeepsitsembassytoChina”，仅相当于其驻华使馆所在地区人口的十分之一，冰岛驻华使馆所在区为北京市朝阳区，可推断驻华使馆所在区常住人口为三百多万，但是文章并未说明所在区占北京总人口的比例，所以无从推断北京市人口数量。因此选D项。

第2题:2.事实细节题。第二段给出了原因“ThemorelikelyattractionforChinaisaccesstoimprovingshippingroutesthroughtheArcticasthatregionwarmsduetoclimatecharge”，而更可能的是，该地区随着气候变化逐渐变暖，中国有机会通过北极地区改善其海上航线。后面还指出“...thereisnoreasontodoubtthatcontinuedshrinkingofArcticicecoverwillenhancethearea'simportance”，不容置疑，北极冰层的持续减少将增强该地区的重要性。由此可知A项“因为北极冰盖正在连续退缩”正确。

第3题:3.判断推理题。由题干关键词permanentobserver定位到第三段“LikeSouthKoreaandJapan,ChinahopesnextmonthtobeapprovedforpermanentobserverstatusontheArcticCouncil”，同韩国、日本一样，中国希望在下月被批准获得北极理事会永久观察员身份。由此可知韩国与中国都不是其成员，故选B项。

第4题:4.判断推理题。对于nearArcticstate的理解可参考最后一段“...currentarrangementsleaveChinashutoutofmultilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.Thedesiretohaveagreatersay,andassertitslegitimateinterestsintheregion,sherecentlywrote,isbehindacuriousnewbitofofficialphraseology”，在当前关于北极环境变化的多边政策决策协商中，中国被拒之门外。但一些新奇的官方措辞暗示中国希望对北极事务掌握更大的话语权，并维护他们在这一地区的正当权益。故选C项“中国希望提高其对北极地区的影响力”。

第5题:5.事实细节题。A:中国更愿意进口更多的冰岛鱼类，降低关税，而不是增强其在该地区的影响力。第五段指出“ButforChina,theabilitytoimportmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutieswouldseemtopaleincomparisontotheimportanceofenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion”，但是对于中国来说，相较于增强在该地区的影响力，能以更低关税进口冰岛鱼则显得微不足道。因此A项不正确。B:冰岛成为第一个与中国签署该类协定的国家。第一段指出“...China'sfirstwithanyEuropeannation”，冰岛成为第一个与中国签署该类协定的欧洲国家。因此B项不符合原文所述。C：北极理事会是一个拥有八名成员，旨在协调区域政策的政府间机构。最后一段指出“...currentarrangements...multilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment”，当前关于北极环境变化的多边政策决策协商……，由此可知北极理事会的宗旨是保护北极地区的环境，促进地区在经济、社会和福利方面的持续发展，因此C项不正确。D：新贸易协定将免除两国双边贸易大部分关税。第四段指出“Thenewtradeagreement...willresultinthewaiverincomingyearsofmosttariffs,inthetwocountries'bilateraltrade”，这份贸易协定，将免除两国双边贸易大部分关税。因此D项正确。

8.单选题

Workinginthecustoms,Ifeelbothexcitingandchallenging,forIhavetofacethedifficultiesofdealingwith（）groupsofpeople.

问题1选项

A.delicate

B.deliberate

C.discrete

D.disparate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。delicate精致的，微妙的；deliberate故意的，深思熟虑的；discrete离散的，不连续的；disparate不同的，不相干的，迥异的。句意：在海关工作，我感到既兴奋又有挑战性，因为我必须面对与不同群体打交道的困难。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Whatyousaynowisnot（

）withwhatyousaidlastweek.

问题1选项

A.persistent

B.insistent

C.permanent

D.consistent

【答案】D

【解析】句意:你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不一致。

考查形容词辨析。Persistent坚持的,固执的;insistent坚持的,迫切的;permanent永久的,持久的;consistent始终如一的,持续的。因此D符合句意。

10.单选题

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

问题1选项

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。句中…mind与frailconstitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。因此C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation（捕食）.Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment（侵犯）onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.

Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats（栖息地）.Drainageofwetlands（沼泽地），cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.

Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.

Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement（实施）andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?

2.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto_______.

3.Thispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexcept______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?

问题1选项

A.Humanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.

B.Someendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.

C.Thedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.

D.Theworld’sclimatehaschangedsogreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.

问题2选项

A.thelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater

B.thewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylaw

C.thepiecesoflandseparatedbymodembuildingsandroads

D.thesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies

问题3选项

A.naturalselectionofspecies

B.variousnaturaldisasters

C.commercialtradeandkilling

D.destructionofnaturalsurroundings

问题4选项

A.Governmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.

B.Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.

C.Relevantlawsmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.

D.Someorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenottotradeinendangeredanimals.

问题5选项

A.Worried.

B.Optimistic.

C.Indifferent.

D.Confident.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第五句，“theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachmentonnaturalecologysystems.”，可知灭绝速度加快的原因是人类人口的增长和科学技术对自然生态系统的侵犯。选项C符合题意。

2.语义题。根据第二段第三句，“Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas…”，可知环境变成了碎片，剩下的动物聚集在更小的区域里，下文的smallislands就是指这些区域。根据“Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind”，可知生活在这个小区域里的物种与其他同类中种群失去了联系。所以是孤立的。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。考查对物种灭绝的原因的理解。根据文章第一段第一句，“anormalprocessinthecourseofevolution”，可知物种灭绝是进化中的一个正常过程，选项A可排除。根据第二段第一句，“…thedestructionofnaturalhabitats…”，栖息地的破坏也是物种灭绝的原因，选项D可排除。根据文章最后一段第二句，“…protectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.”，商业买卖和杀害也是原因，选项C可排除。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcementandsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.”，使法律有效发挥作用的关键在于人们和法院的实施和支持，所以相关法律需要在人们的支持下制定和实施是最重要的。选项C符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段最后一句，“thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.”，可知作者认为尽管有法律保护，许多物种的未来仍然尚存疑问。所以作者是担忧的态度。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Inthecapaciousareasoftherailwayterminal,thousandsoftouristslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.

问题1选项

A.spacious

B.energetic

C.beautiful

D.capable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项spacious“广阔的”；B选项energetic“精力充沛的”；C选项beautiful“美丽的”；D选项capable“有能力的”。句意：在铁路终点站广阔的区域里，成千上万的游客徘徊着等待他们的火车。划线部分capacious是广阔的意思。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】句意:兼职及弹性工作方式加上培训与再培训方案推广，使得更多的妇女能够利用就业机会。

语法题。考查主谓一致。主语是不可数名词growth,故谓语用单数形式，故选D。

14.单选题

Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。gloomy暗淡的，悲观的；miserable悲惨的；shadowy朦胧的，有阴影的；obscure模糊的，晦涩的。句意：尽管经济前景暗淡，但是制造业产量却略有上升。由inspiteof及risen可知，前后为让步关系，故该空应与risen意思相反，并且能修饰经济前景的只有A项。答案A

15.单选题

Thesecretary（

）theforeignministerofaninterviewhewastogivethatafternoon.

问题1选项

A.reminded

B.reassured

C.consulted

D.insured

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。remind意为“提醒，使想起”，remindsb.ofsth.意为“提醒某人某事”；reassure意为“使……安心，打消……的疑虑”；consult意为“商议，商量”；insure意为“保证”。

句意：秘书提醒外交部长那天下午他要进行一次采访。

16.单选题

TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere（）inmanypartsofit.

问题1选项

A.criticized

B.incorporated

C.summoned

D.translated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。criticize“批评”；incorporate“包含；合并”；summon“召唤，召集”；translate“翻译，转化”。句意：《新约》不仅是用希腊文写的，而且它其中许多部分吸收了源于希腊哲学的思想。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher（）attitudetowardcustomers.

问题1选项

A.impartial

B.mild

C.hostile

D.opposing

【答案】C

【解析】impartial公正的；mild温顺的；hostile不友好的；opposing反对的。句意：因为售货员对顾客不友好的态度,

老板对她投去责备的目光。选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

Sheboughtaknifefromtheshop（）topeelanapple

问题1选项

A.which

B.withthat

C.withwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】这里的先行词不是shop,所以不能直接跟关系代词。peelanapplewithaknife用刀削苹果用介词with,所以排除选项A和D。介词+that不能引导定语从句。所以选项C正确。

19.翻译题

October16thisWorldFoodDay,adayofactionagainsthunger.Thedatecommemoratesthefoundingin1945oftheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization,orFAO.Onthisday,peoplearoundtheworldcometogethertodeclaretheircommitmenttoeradicatehungerinourlifetime.

Overthepastdecadeorso,wehaveseenagreatreductionofpeoplelivingwithhungeronanearlydailybasis.Backthen,aboutoneinsixpeoplewenttobedhungrymostnights.Nowit’saboutoneineverynine.

Nonetheless,thatstillleavessome795,000thousandchronicallyhungrypeoplearoundtheworld.Ofthese,60percentarewomen,andthisdespitethefactthatmostsmallfarmerslivinginthedevelopingworldarewomen.Andwhenwomengohungry,so,alltoooften,dochildren.About161millionkidsundertheageoffivemalnourished.Thismeansthattheirbrainswon’tdevelopnormally,theymayhavedifficultieslearning,andtheirphysicalandcognitivegrowthisstunted.Lackofnutritioncompromisesnotonlytheirownsuccessinthefuture,butalsothedevelopmentofthecommunities,economiesandcountriesinwhichtheylive.Inadditiontothosechildrenwhoarechronicallyundernourished,almost5millionchildrenundertheageof5dieofmalnutrition-relatedcauseseveryyear.

Theglobalcommunityisworkingtoeradicatehunger,becauseitistherightthingtodo.ThefirstoftheUnitedNationsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,calledforhalvingtheproportionofpeoplesufferingfromhungerandfacingextremepoverty.Wehaveachievedthatgoal.Aswetransitiontoasustainabledevelopmentagendafor2030,wehaveraisedourambitionsandarestrivingtoeffectivelyendhungerandextremepovertyaltogether.

【答案】【参考译文】

10月16日是世界粮食日，在这一天会反对饥饿。这一天是为了纪念FAO，即联合国粮食和农业组织于1945年的这一天成立。就是这一天，世界各地的人们团结一心宣布他们会在有生之年消除饥饿。

在过去的10年间，我们已经很大程度减少了几乎每天忍饥挨饿的人数。当时，大约六分之一的人晚上都是饿着肚子睡觉。而现在大约每9人中仍有1人挨饿。

尽管如此，全世界仍有7950万人长期饥饿。尽管发展中国家的大多数小农是女性，但挨饿的女性仍占60%。而当女性饿肚子，她们的孩子也会挨饿。5岁以下约有1.61亿名儿童营养不良。这表明他们的大脑发育不正常，可能会在获取知识上遇到困难，而且身体及认知上也遇到问题。缺乏营养不仅会影响他们未来的成功，而且也会影响他们所处社会，经济及国家的发展。除了那些长期营养不良的孩子，每年近500万名5岁以下儿童会因营养不良而死亡。

全球社会正在努力消除饥饿，因为这是正确的事情。联合国千年发展目标的第一项就是呼吁将饥饿人口及极端贫困的比例减至一半。我们已经实现了这个目标。当我们过渡到2030年可持续发展议程，我们已经提出了这样的目标并且正努力且富有成效的消除所有饥饿和极端贫困。

20.单选题

Thegovernment（）thediplomaticnotefromJapanforitsunclearattitudetothetradebetweentwocountries.

问题1选项

A.denied

B.refused

C.rejected

D.objected

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因日本在两国间的贸易问题上态度不明确，该政府拒绝了日本的外交照会。

考查动词辨析。deny否认，否定；refuse拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，是普通用语；reject拒绝接受，不予考虑；object反对，不赞成，与介词to搭配。故选C。

21.写作题

Directions:TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&Fashions.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyourboss,Mr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

【答案】【参考范文】

DearMr.Wang,

IamsorrytotellyouthatIdecidedtoquitmyworkasaneditorinyourcompanyafterseriousconsideration.IamapologizingfortheinconveniencewhichIwouldbringtoyou.

Duringtwomonths’workinginyourcompany,Ihavelearnedalotabouthowtoworkinaworld-famouscompany.However,IgraduallyfindoutthatIamnotverysuitableforthisjob.IthinkIshouldlookforanoccupationwhichcouldmakethemo