考研考博-英语-天津机电职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津机电职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appliance“器具，器械”；B选项accessory“配件，附件”；C选项machine“机器”；D选项mechanism“机制，原理，途径”。句意：应该有一种安全_____使火车不可能相撞。这里考查固定搭配safetymechanism“安全机制”，因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalization,bothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworld,hasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury.Butaretheeffectsofglobalizationalwayspositive?Somesayno.

MichaelTenet,headoftheInternationalInstituteforForeignRelationsinAtlanta,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization.“Eversincethe1980sandtheeconomiccollapseoftheAsianTigersinthelate1990s,therehasbeenare-evaluationoftheroleofglobalizationasaforceforgood,”hesaid.“Incomesinmanycountrieshavedeclinedandthegapbetweenthemostrichandthemostpoorhasbeenaggravated.Withoutfurtherinterventionbygovernments,wecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia.”

YetGeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet,seesnosuchdanger.“Economicliberalization,increasedtransparencyandmarket-basedreformshavepositiveeffectinthelongrun,evenifmarketmechanismscanproduceshort-termdestabilizationproblems,”hesaid.“Whatismostimportantisthatbarrierstotradecontinuetofallsothatactivecompetitionforconsumergoodsreducespricesandinturnraisestheaveragelevelofincome.”

Othersfeelthatglobalization’sculturalimpactmaybemoreimportantthanitseconomicimplications.JaniceYawed,anativeofAfrica,feelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage.“Mostoftheworld’sdialectswillbecomeextinctunderglobalization.We’repavingtheworldwithMcDonald’sandEnglishslang.Ittearsmeupinside,”shesaid.

Governmentsofdifferentcountrieshavehadmixedresponsestothewaveofglobalization.TheUnitedStatesisgenerallyseenasanactiveproponentofgreaterfreetrade,anditcertainlyhasenormousculturalinfluencebyvirtueofitsnearmonopolyonworldwideentertainment.Butothercountries,mostnotablyinEuropeanddevelopingnations,havesoughttoreducetheimpactthatglobalizationhasontheirdomesticaffairs.

“WhenIwasaboywehadverylittletospeakof,”saysoneSingaporeanresident.“Nowourcountryhasdevelopedintoaboominghubforinternationalfinance.”Others,however,arenotsooptimistic.“Globalizationisanevilforcethatmustbehalted,”aunionofficialatacarplantinDetroitrecentlycommented,“It’ssuckingawayjobsandkillingthespiritofourcountry.”

1.Asforglobalization,MichaelTenet’sattitudetoitismostprobablytobein（）.

2.TheviewsofMichaelTenetandGeorgeFrankonglobalizationarequite（）.

3.WhenmentioningJaniceYawed,theauthoristalkingabout（）.

4.Accordingtoparagraph5,differentcountriesconsiderglobalizationas（）.

5.Thetitlewhichbestexpressesthemainideaofthetextwouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.firmsupport

B.cautiousapproval

C.greatanxiety

D.strongrepentance

问题2选项

A.optimistic

B.identical

C.worrying

D.contrary

问题3选项

A.herlocalcultureandlanguage

B.theculturalimplicationsofglobalization

C.McDonald’sandEnglishslang

D.theeconomicimpactofglobalization

问题4选项

A.amixedblessing

B.anevilforce

C.anactivestimulus

D.aninterventionintheirdomesticaffairs

问题5选项

A.DisadvantagesofGlobalizationinEconomicArea

B.People’sResponsestotheImpactsofGlobalization

C.InfluenceofGlobalizationontheEconomyandCulture

D.DifferentRolesofGlobalizationintheDevelopmentofEconomy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据关键词“MichaelTenet”定位到第二段第一句“MichaelTenet,...,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization.”说明MichaelTenet对全球化的态度是担忧的。选项C正确。

2.根据上题可知MichaelTenet对全球化感到担忧，而根据第三段第一句“YetGeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet,seesnosuchdanger.”GeorgeFrank却没有察觉到这样的危险。说明两个人的观点态度是截然相反的，所以选项D正确。

3.根据关键词“JaniceYawed”定位到第四段第二句“JaniceYawed,anativeofAfrica,feelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage.”JaniceYawed是非洲土著人，她强烈地感觉到全球化正在破坏当地的文化和语言。作者实际上是在说明全球化对文化的影响，所以选项B正确。

4.根据第五段的内容可知，不同国家的政府对全球化浪潮反应不一样。美国被普遍认为是自由贸易的积极支持者，而且几乎垄断了全球的娱乐，具有巨大的文化影响力。但是，其他国家，特别是欧洲和发展中国家，已经设法减少全球化对其国内事务的影响。也就是说，全球化有利也有弊，所以选项A正确。

5.文章第一段首先提出全球化的问题，接下来的几段都是分别阐述人们乃至国家对全球化影响的反应。所以选项B最能概括全文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

3.单选题

TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

问题1选项

A.arisenfrom

B.contributedto

C.patchedup

D.participatedin

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.arisenfrom由……引起，起因于•B.contributedto导致

C.patchedup平息（争吵）；修补（关系）D.participatedin参与

【考查点】词组辨析

【解题思路】划线词前文是“美国内战（TheAmericanCivilWar）”，后文是“关于奴隶制的分歧（differencesoverslavery）”。根据历史常识可知，美国内战是由南北政府关于奴隶制的分歧造成的，原文使用的是主动语态，因此，A选项“由……引起，起因于”符合前后逻辑。原文stemmedfrom“起源于”。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文逻辑。

【句意】美国内战被认为源于对奴隶制的分歧。

4.单选题

Thecompanyisonthevergeofbankruptcy,andthousandsofjobsareat（）.

问题1选项

A.danger

B.loss

C.threat

D.stake

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。atloss困惑不解；atstake凶吉难卜；选项A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：这家公司濒临破产，成千上万的工作岗位岌岌可危。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.

问题1选项

A.range

B.level

C.extent

D.quantity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。range“范围”；level“水平，标准，常强调变化的差异性和职权等的范围”；extent“程度，范围，长度”；quantity“数量”。句意：这家报纸没有提到由于火灾所造成的损害程度。C项符合题意。

6.单选题

Inaddition,findingsrevealthatmalesreceivemoreteacherattentionthanfemales,boysreceivemorespecificcommentsabouttheiracademicperformance,[A]thattherearedifferences[B]favoringmalesintaskassignment,in[C]teacher’sexpectationofstudent’sbehaviorbasedongender,aswellasinsuchareasasoverallcurriculumdesign,classroomactivities,andeducationaltracking(particularlyinmath,science,vocationalcourses,[D]andextracurricularactivities).

问题1选项

A.thattherearedifferences

B.favoringmalesin

C.teacher’sexpectationofstudent’sbehavior

D.andextracurricularactivities

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。表示某方面有区别时，应使用therearedifferencesin…，B和C选项应为并列关系，B选项前少了一个in。

7.翻译题

Ihavealwaysdislikedbeingaman.1.ThewholeideaofmanhoodinAmericaispitiful,inmyopinion.Eventheexpression“Beaman!”strikesmeasinsultingandabusive.Itmeans:Bestupid,beunfeeling,obedient,soldierlyandstopthinking.Manmeans“manly”—howcanonethinkaboutmenwithoutconsideringtheterribleambitionofmanliness?Andyetitispartofeveryman’slife.Itisahideousandcripplinglie;itnotonlyinsistsondifferenceandconnivesatsuperiority,itisalsobyitsverynaturedestructive—emotionallydamagingandsociallyharmful.

Itisveryhardtoimagineanyconceptofmanlinessthatdoesnotbelittlewomen,anditbeginsveryearly.AtanagewhenIwantedtomeetgirls—let’ssaythetreacherousyearsofthirteentosixteen—Iwastoldtotakeupasport,getmorefreshair,andIwasurgednottoreadsomuch.Ifyouaskedtoomanyquestionsaboutsexyouweresenttocamp—aboy’scamp,ofcourse:thenightmare.Nothingismoreunnaturalorprison-likethanaboy’scamp.

2.ItoughttobeclearbynowthatIhavesomethingofanobjectiontothewayweturnboysintomen.ItdoesnotsurprisemethatwhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshashiscustomaryweekendoffhedresseslikeacowboy—itisbothameasureofhisinsecurityandhiswillingnesstoplease.Inmanyways,AmericanculturedoeslittlemoreforamanthanpreparehimformodelingclothesintheL.L.Beancatalogue.

Therewasafearthatwritingwasnotamanlyprofession-indeed,notaprofessionatall.TheparadoxinAmericanlettersisthatithasalwaysbeeneasierforawomantowriteandforamantobepublished.3.Writingisonlymanlywhenitproduceswealth—moneyismasculinity.Soisdrinking,particularlytheabilitytodrinkanothermanunderthetable.AmaninAmericahastokilllions,huntducks,andcarryenoughknivesandgunsonhisshoulders,toprovethatheisjustasmuchamonsterasthenextman.Everythinginstereotypedmanlinessgoesagainstthelifeofthemind.

4.Therewouldbenopointinsayinganyofthisifitwerenotgenerallyacceptedthattobeamanissomehow—evennowinfeminist-influencedAmerica—aprivilege.Itisonthecontraryanunmercifulandpunishingburden.Beingamanisbadenough;beingmanlyisappalling.Itisthesinistersillinessofmen’sfashions,andaclubbyattitudeinthearts.Itisthesubversionofgoodstudents.Itistheso-called“DressCode”oftheRitz-CarltonHotelinBoston,anditistheinstitutionalizedcheatingincollegesports.Itisthemostprimitiveinsecurity.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.在我看来，美国的整个男子汉思想是很可怜的。就连“做个男子汉！”这样的表达也让我觉得是一种侮辱和谩骂。它意味着愚蠢、冷酷、顺从、像士兵一样鲁莽，还指不愿意思考。男人意味着“有男子气概”——人们在思考男人的时候怎么能不考虑男子气概的可怕野心呢？

2.我有点反对我们把男孩变成男人的方式。到目前为止，这一点应该十分清楚。我丝毫不感到奇怪，美国总统在周末例行休假的时候，把自己打扮成牛仔——这既说明他没有安全感又说明他想讨好别人。

3.写作只有在产生财富时才有男人味。有钱才有男人味。酗酒也意味着男人味，让另一个男人喝趴下的能力尤其如此。美国男人必须捕杀狮子、猎取野鸭、肩上扛满刀枪，以证明他像别的男人一样残忍。刻板印象中男人气概的一切都不利于心智生活。

4.即便是在受女权主义影响的美国，做男人也是一种特权。如果不是由于这种观念被世人广为认同，那谈上述情况就毫无意义了。相反，做男人是一个过重的、带有惩罚性质的负担。身为男人糟糕透顶，有男子气概则让人心惊胆战。

8.单选题

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

问题1选项

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.beingbased被根据B.havebeenbased被根据

C.base根据D.bebased被根据

【答案】B

【考查点】时态与语态。

【解题思路】Besaidtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“据说……”，所以空格处的动词要用原形；主句的谓语动词为一般过去时wassaid，而base这个动作应该是发生在wassaid之前，所以应用现在完成时，故选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

A项不符合固定搭配；

C、D项不符合时态。

【句意】据说这篇报道是根据可靠的消息来源写成的。

9.单选题

Ⅳ.(CriminalLaw)

ThefirstchallengeforcriminalresponsibilityforcollectiveperpetrationsiswhetherthenotionofcollectiveactioncanbemadesenseforthepurposesofInternationalCriminalLaw.AsKutzsuggeststheissueofinclusionandexclusionofmembersfromacollectiveactionis“alwaysbothnormativeandfactual”,because“thechoiceofappropriatedescriptivelevel”remainsamatteroflegalpolicy.Iftherequirementsforcollectiveactionaresettoostrictthenmanyparticipantswillbeexcused.Ontheotherhandtoolaxrequirementsincreaseprosecutor’sdiscretionandallowchargingwiderrangeofindividuals,attheexpenseofimplicatingtoomanyindividualsandpossiblyrenderingpunishmentcontroversialandover-inclusiveonthelevelofthesystem.

Inanycaseacollectiveintentionstestisnecessaryinordertobeabletoholdanyparticularindividualresponsibleasopposedtochargingeveryoneontheoneextreme,orattributingharmtoindeterminatecausesontheother.Besidesidentifyingindividualsinvolvedincooperativeharmdoingcollectiveintentionwillbenecessaryforattributionofharmtosuchcausallyresponsibleindividuals.Furthermoreasarguedinthesectiononmoralblameaconsiderationofdecisionmethodinacollectiveaction,whichisnecessaryfordistributionofmoralblame,isalsoimpossiblewithoutaconceptionofcollectiveintention.

Theproblemofcollectiveintentionsisdownplayedbythe“romantic”argumentforcollectiveguilt,asitjumpstodrawthemembershipalongthestatelines,whichultimatelyleadstoproblemsof“guiltlesssincerity”and“excessoftransmissionbybirth”.Partofthe“romantic”appealstemsfromtheimplicationofstateagencyincrimesagainsthumanity(through“stateandorganizationalpolicy”)andwarcrimesaccordingtothepublicinternationallaw.Whereasthequestionsofretroactivesuspensionoflegalordersorimmunityofstateofficialsaresometimesstillrelevantlegalobstaclesforprosecutinghumanrightsviolations,thisworkdiscardssuchissuesasirrelevantforthepurposesofexcusesandjustificationsundertheRomeStatute(国际刑事法院罗马规约).Collectiveactionincasesofcrimesagainsthumanityorwarcrimescouldbemanifestedinspontaneouscoordinatedactions,mobviolence,governmentactionsordecentralizednetworksoutsidethecolorofthelaw.Variouspassiveorindeterminatefacts,suchasmilitaryculture,religiousortraditionalinstitutions,ideologyorlegalsystemcanandoftenaremanipulatedbyperpetratorstoblendcollectiveactionwithhistorical,naturalorevensupernaturalcauses.Thiswayevenleadersandinfluentialdecisionmakerswouldclaimthattheyfollowednecessityorthattheircrueltyweredeterminedbytheanarchic,anomicorelseapocalypticconditionsofwar.

63.Thebesttopicforthefirstparagraphis___.

64.Todeterminecollectiveintentionsisnecessary___.

65.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTmentionedintheparagraph3?

66.PerpetratorscanandoftenmanipulatethefollowingBUT___.

问题1选项

A.CriminalResponsibilityforCollectivePerpetrations

B.TheDefectofSettingTooStrictaLevel

C.TheDifficultiesinChoosinganAppropriateDescriptiveLevelofCollectiveAction

D.TheDefectofSettingTooLaxaLevel

问题2选项

A.toholdanyparticularindividualresponsible

B.tochargeeveryoneresponsible

C.foraconsiderationofdecisionmethod

D.toattributeharmtoindeterminatecauses

问题3选项

A.Theargumentofcollectiveguiltdilutestheproblemsofcollectiveintentions.

B.Theretroactivesuspensionoflegalorderissometimesrelevanttohumanrightsviolations.

C.Theargumentofcollectiveguiltstemsfrompublicinternationallaw.

D.Theargumentofcollectiveguiltdealswithmembershipthroughstateresponsibility.

问题4选项

A.militaryculture

B.religiousortraditionalinstitutions

C.ideologyorlegalsystem

D.collectiveaction.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】63.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干定位到原文第一段AsKutzsuggeststheissueofinclusionandexclusionofmembersfromacollectiveactionis“alwaysbothnormativeandfactual”,because“thechoiceofappropriatedescriptivelevel”remainsamatteroflegalpolicy.（正如库茨所指出，将成员纳入和排除在集体行动之外的问题“总是规范性和事实性的”，因为“选择适当的描述水平”仍然是一个法律政策问题）可知选C选项“在选择适当的集体行动描述水平方面的困难”；A选项“集体犯罪的刑事责任”；B选项“等级设置过严的缺陷”以及D选项“水平设置过松的缺陷”都是为了证明选择适当的集体行动描述水平的困难，是这一观点的论据，不足以概括第一段的内容。因此C选项正确。

64.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段第一句Inanycaseacollectiveintentionstestisnecessaryinordertobeabletoholdanyparticularindividualresponsibleasopposedtochargingeveryoneontheoneextreme,orattributingharmtoindeterminatecausesontheother.（在任何情况下，集体意图检验都是必要的，以便能够追究任何特定个人的责任，而不是将所有人归为一个极端，或将伤害归因于另一种不确定的原因）可知选A选项“追究任何特定个人的责任”，同时可知B选项“追究每个人的责任”，D选项“将伤害归因于不确定的原因”不符合原文；第二段Furthermoreasarguedinthesectiononmoralblameaconsiderationofdecisionmethodinacollectiveaction,whichisnecessaryfordistributionofmoralblame,isalsoimpossiblewithoutaconceptionofcollectiveintention.（此外，正如道德责备一节所论证的那样，如果没有集体意图的概念，集体行动中决策方法的考虑也是不可能的，这对于道德责备的分配是必要的）可知集体行动中决策方法的考虑对道德责备的分配是必要的，而不是对集体意图必要，C选项“考虑决策方法”逻辑关系错误。因此A选项正确。

65.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Theproblemofcollectiveintentionsisdownplayedbythe“romantic”argumentforcollectiveguilt（集体罪责的“浪漫”论点淡化了集体意图的问题）对应A选项“集体犯罪的论点淡化了集体意图的问题”；第三段Whereasthequestionsofretroactivesuspensionoflegalordersorimmunityofstateofficialsaresometimesstillrelevantlegalobstaclesforprosecutinghumanrightsviolations（然而，追溯中止法律命令或国家官员豁免的问题有时仍然是起诉侵犯人权行为的相关法律障碍）对应B选项“追溯中止法律秩序有时与侵犯人权有关”；第二段Partofthe“romantic”appealstemsfromtheimplicationofstateagencyincrimesagainsthumanity(through“stateandorganizationalpolicy”)andwarcrimesaccordingtothepublicinternationallaw.（这种“浪漫”的吸引力部分源于国家机构涉嫌违反国际公法的反人类罪（通过“国家和组织政策”）和战争罪）对应C选项“集体有罪的论点源于国际公法”；D选项“集体犯罪的论点通过国家责任来处理成员问题”未在第三段提及。因此D选项符合题意。

66.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Perpetrators”定位到原文最后一段Variouspassiveorindeterminatefacts,suchasmilitaryculture,religiousortraditionalinstitutions,ideologyorlegalsystemcanandoftenaremanipulatedbyperpetratorstoblendcollectiveactionwithhistorical,naturalorevensupernaturalcauses.（各种消极或不确定的事实，如军事文化、宗教或传统机构、意识形态或法律制度，可以而且往往被肇事者操纵，将集体行动与历史、自然甚至超自然原因相结合）对应A选项“军事文化”，B选项“宗教或传统机构”以及C选项“意识形态或法律体系”；不涉及D选项“集体行动”。因此D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Thelanguageexpertsbelievethatthe（

）ageforlearningaforeignlanguageis6yearsold.

问题1选项

A.conceptual

B.considerate

C.optimal

D.component

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:语言专家相信学一门外语最佳的年龄是6岁。

conceptual概念上的。considerate体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的optimal最佳的；最理想的。component组成的，构成。

11.单选题

1.Notsatisfiedthathisopinionshouldpasswithoutcontradiction,hewasdeterminedtohaveit______bythesuffrageofeveryoneinthecompany.

2.Ishouldpreferthetitleofancientphilosopher,“acitizenoftheworld’toanyother______whatever.

3.Itworksbyelicitingthegeneralprincipleswhichapplytothefacts,astheyexist,andthenbyanintellectualsurveyof______possibilitieswhichareconsistentwiththoseprinciples.

4.Theypayasmuch______totheunderstandingofamanofanestate,asofamanoflearning.

5.Nay,thereisnostandor______inthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies.

问题1选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

问题2选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

问题3选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

问题4选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

问题5选项

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

【答案】第1题:J

第2题:E

第3题:F

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.deference遵从，尊重F.alternative可供替代的；可供选择的事物

B.emulation仿效G.multiplicity多样性，多种多样

C.impediment妨碍，阻碍H.alleviate减轻，缓和

D.demonstration示范，证明I.justified有正当理由的；证明……正当

E.appellation名称，称呼J.ratified批准

1.【答案】J

【解题思路】根据have可知，havesth.done为固定搭配，表示“完成某事”，所以空格处要填入一个过去分词，只有I项和J项能选。由句子意思“他决定通过公司全体成员的投票来______他的意见”可知，空格处填入“批准”符合句意。因此，该题选择J项。

【句意】他不满于自己的意见能够毫无异议地获得通过，于是决定通过公司全体成员的投票来批准他的意见。

2.【答案】E

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应为名词。Prefer…to…表示“相比……更喜欢……”，根据前半句中的thetitleof（……的称谓）可知，空格部分表示“称呼”符合句子意思。因此，该题选择E项。

【句意】相对于其他任何称呼，我宁愿称作古代哲人，即一个世界公民。

3.【答案】F

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应为形容词，只有F项和I项能选。根据句子意思“它通过引出适用于存在事实的一般原则，然后对与这些原则相一致的______可能性进行理智的考察来发挥作用”可知，由possibilities可推断，空格处填入alternative符合句意。因此，该题选择F项。

【句意】它通过引出适用于存在事实的一般原则，然后对与这些原则相一致的各种可能性进行理智的考察来发挥作用。

4.【答案】A

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应为含有动作意义的名词。由句意“他们______有学问的人的理解力，同样也______有地位的人的理解力”可知，选项中只有deference符合句子意思。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

【句意】他们既尊重有学问的人的理解力，同样也尊重有地位的人的理解力。

5.【答案】C

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处应为名词。由or可知，空格处的词语与前面的stand（停滞）含义相近，选项中只有impediment表示“停滞”的意思。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。

【句意】人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅。

12.单选题

Hewasafraidhewouldhaveto（

）herinvitationtotheparty.

问题1选项

A.refute

B.reject

C.return

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义词辨析。refute“驳倒，反驳，用证据证明是假的”；reject“拒绝，谢绝，指断然拒绝接受某人或某物或要求”；return“返回”；decline“婉拒”。句意：他担心他将不得不拒绝她的参加聚会的邀请。婉拒符合题意。故D项正确。

13.问答题

Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).

【答案】试题答案：B;tolive

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodosth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。

14.单选题

“GangnamStyle”，the（

）popularsongfromSouthKoreanrecordingartistPSYhasjustbecomethemostwatchedvideoonYouTubeever.

问题1选项

A.sanely

B.insanely

C.rationally

D.insatiably

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。sanely“稳健地，理智地”；insanely“疯狂地，精神错乱地”；rationally“理性地，讲道理地”；insatiably“贪得无厌地，无法满足地”。句意：韩国唱片艺人PSY的疯狂流行的“江南Style”在YouTube上成了观看次数最多的视频。因此B选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Incontrasttounmonitoredworkersdoingthesamework,（

）withoutexceptionidentifiedthemostimportantelementintheirjobsascustomerservice,themonitoredworkersandsupervisorsallrespondedthatproductivity（

）thecriticalfactorinassigningratings.

问题1选项

A.which...are

B.who...was

C.that...were

D.which...is

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致。第一个空格指代前面句子中的名词unmonitoredworkers。第二个空格处做宾语从句中的谓语动词，主语是productivity，因此只能用三单形式。因此B选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Hispositionwascontrarytothatoftheteacher's.

问题1选项

A.similar

B.opposite

C.foreseeable

D.contentious

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。题目中becontraryto表示“与……相反”；A选项besimilarto表示“与……类似的，相似的”；B选项beoppositeto表示“与……相反的，对立的”；C选项为“可预见的，可预知的”；D选项为“有异议的，有争论的”。由句意可知，他的位置与老师相反。因此，正确答案是B项。

17.单选题

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication―butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalkbeforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.

7.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause____.

8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?

9.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT____.

10.Thephrase“paystributeto”inPara.7isclosestinmeaningto____.

11.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”?

12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople

B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness

C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication

D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext

问题2选项

A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.

B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.

C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speeches.

D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.

问题3选项

A.toconvincepeopleinadebate

B.toinformpeopleatapresentation

C.toadvisepeopleatwork

D.toentertainpeopleatawedding

问题4选项

A.expressesone’ssympathyorpity

B.expressesone’sadmirationorrespect

C.expressesone’scomfortorencouragement

D.expressesone’ssadnessormelancholy

问题5选项

A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.

B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.

C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.

D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.

问题6选项

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.

B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.

C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.

D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:B

【解析】7.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：根据题干“作者认为口语仍然是不可替代的，因为____”，可定位到原文第2段Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:Persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.（口语可以有各种重要的功能：劝说或激励、告知、表达敬意、娱乐、或单纯介绍某人或某事或接受某事。）

2）综合理解：A选项“它一直被用来激励或说服人们”，是原文提到的原因之一，但不是全部，该选项属于以偏概全，排除；B选项“它在娱乐业中扮演着重要的角色”，原文虽然提到了entertaining，但原文指的就是娱乐，而不是选项中所说的娱乐业，更没有说在娱乐业中扮演着重要角色，该选项属于偷换概念，排除；C选项“它在人类交流中扮演着重要的角色”，该选项是对原文各种功能的概括，表述正确；D选项“它在日常生活中很有用”，可定位到原文第8段It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.（不仅仅是在世界论坛上，公众演讲扮演着重要的角色。在我们自己的生活中，它也会有惊人的帮助。）根据句意，该选项指提到了日常生活一个方面，而没有提到其他方面，属于以偏概全，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

8.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：题干“关于公众演讲的作用，下列哪个陈述是不正确的？”

A选项“在世界论坛上的发言可以为解决世界问题带来有效的措施”可定位到原文第4段最后一句WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.（当各国领导人2009年12月在哥本哈根会晤时，活动人士富有说服力的言辞鼓励他们承诺采取更坚定的行动。）哥本哈根会晤是世界论坛，但是原文指是说发言“鼓励他们承诺采取更坚定的行动”，而不是选项中所说“带来了有效的解决措施”，该选项表述错误，属于过度推理。

B选项“在流行病时期，医疗权威的演讲可以让人们平静下来”，可定位到原文第6段最后两句WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.（当H1N1流感大流行出现时，“猪流感”的想法吓坏了许多人。世界卫生组织官员的信息丰富的讲话帮助人们控制恐慌情绪，以便采取明智的预防措施。）世界卫生组织官员地演讲安抚了人们对H1N1流行病的恐慌情绪，选项表述正确。

C选项“在战斗前，高级军官的演讲可以提高士兵的士气”，可定位到原文第5段最后一句Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.（在战争期间，将军们用鼓舞人心的演讲让军队做好战斗准备。）将军演讲可以鼓励士兵做好战斗准备，即提高士气，选项表述正确。

D选项“悼念死者的演讲可以安慰哀悼者”，可定位到原文第7段第1句Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontribution