考研考博-英语-山东理工职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东理工职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Desertanimals（）ameansofretainingmoistureinsuchahot,dryclimateiftheyaretosurvive.

问题1选项

A.needing

B.toneed

C.needed

D.need

【答案】D

【解析】句中缺少谓语,选项A和B不能做谓语,首先排除；再根据前后谓语需保持一致的原则,可知选项D正确。

2.单选题

Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeveryartsciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary.

Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicrafts,andothervocations,likefarmingandfishery,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabulary,isveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourfamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity,andphilosophyhavealso,intheirolderstrata,becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersonsandhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yeteveryvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedomandabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussions,andseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yetnoprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessiononcewere,acloseguild（行会）.Thelawers,thephysician,themanofscience,thedivine,associatedfreelywithhisfellow-creatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalled’’popularscience"makeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodemviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutitasinthecaseoftheRoentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thusourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.

1.Specialwordsusedintechnicaldiscussion（

）.

2.Itistruethat（

）

3.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinthenumberoftechnicaltermsintheterminologyof（

）.

4.Thewriterofthearticlewasundoubtedly（

）.

5.Theauthor'smainpurposeinthepassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.neverlastlong

B.shouldbeconfinedtoscientificfields

C.maybecomepartofcommonspeech

D.areconsideredartificiallanguagespeech

问题2选项

A.everyoneisinterestedinscientificfinding

B.theaveragemanoftenusesinhisownvocabularywhatwasoncetechnicallanguagenotmeantforhim

C.aneducatedpersonwouldbeexpectedtoknowmosttechnicalterms

D.variousprofessionsandoccupationsofteninterchangetheirdialectsandjargons

问题3选项

A.fishery

B.farming

C.government

D.sports

问题4选项

A.alinguist

B.anattorney

C.anscientist

D.anessayist

问题5选项

A.describeaphenomenon

B.proposeasolution

C.beentertaining

D.argueabelief

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章最后一句：Thusourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.因此，我们的日常用语总是采用新的技术术语，使它们变得司空见惯。在一种新的技术词汇产生之后，经过同化，变成了日常语言的一部分。所以C选项正确。

2.文章说明了一种现象，即在新的科技成果出现后，便成为人们津津乐道的话题，变成人们日常生活的一部分。个人也将科技成果变成日常生活用于的一部分，所以B选项‘普通人经常在自己的词汇中使用曾经对他毫无意义的技术语言‘正确。

3.particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.可知，在自然科学、政治学科以及机械艺术方面的词汇大量增加，C选项符合题意。

4.全文讨论了专业词汇、科技词汇与人们日常生活的关系，可知作者从语言学的角度分析了科技产生的词汇。作者应属于语言学家，A选项符合题意。

5.文章至始至终在讨论科技产生伴随着科技词汇的产生，进而科技词汇也影响着人们的日常生活，逐渐成为一体，作者描述了这样一种特有的现象，所以A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（

）themthatIcangetthemon.

问题1选项

A.stretching

B.spreading

C.extending

D.squeezing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stretch“拉长，撑大，伸展”，指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长，侧重“形状的变化”.；B选项spread“伸开”，指建筑，道路和时间等的延伸；C选项extend“延伸”，指在空间或时间上延伸，一般有一个大致的延伸方向；D选项squeeze“挤压”。根据gloves（手套）可知此处表示手套太小了，只有把它们撑大才能戴上，因此选A。句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它们伸展开来，我才能戴上。

4.单选题

Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight（）are.

问题1选项

A.payments

B.charges

C.funds

D.prices

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。payments“付款，薪资”；charges“费用，手续费”；funds“资金，基金”；prices“价格”。句意：煤的价格将根据运输的距离和运费的价格而有所不同。B项符合题意。

5.单选题

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,allpowerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughtgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericanbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

1.Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans（

）.

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly

（

）.

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbeliever（

）.

问题1选项

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce.

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment.

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

问题2选项

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

问题3选项

A.Honestbusinessmen.

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.

C.Peoplewithidealsofequality.

D.Businessinstitutionsandgovernment.

问题4选项

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctionpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleader

问题5选项

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.Inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthantheseinothercountries

D.BusinessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment（在美国社会中，商业机构比任何其他类型的组织都有更高的声誉，包括政府）可知C选项“商业是美国人最关心的问题”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（竞争本身不仅是好的，它也是美国其他基本价值观如个人自由、机会平等和努力工作的保护手段）可知D选项“通过竞争”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.（理论上，如果一个企业试图利用其客户的不公平优势，它将输给对其客户更公平的竞争性企业。当许多企业为了顾客的钱而竞争时，他们不能像对待下级或奴隶那样对待他们）可知是从从企业与客户两个角度说明商业竞争的，因此选B。

4.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（人们常常将商业和政府进行对比，一个具有竞争性，另一个具有垄断性）可知A选项“其对权力的绝对控制”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.（竞争成功通常被视为是美国人对基于家庭背景的社会等级的替代方式。因此，商业被视为是机会平等观念的一种表达，而不是继承特权的贵族观念）可知B选项“在许多国家，成功往往取决于一个人的社会地位”符合题意。

6.单选题

Icanmeetyouateighto’clock;（

）youcancallforme.

问题1选项

A.incidentally

B.actually

C.alternatively

D.accordingly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我可以八点钟跟你见面，或者你也可以来接我。

考查副词辨析。Incidentally顺便,偶然地;actually实际上;alternatively二者择一地,或者;accordingly因此。故C符合句意。

7.单选题

Thebeamthatis（

）byalaserdiffersinseveralwaysfromthelightthatcomesoutofaflashlight.

问题1选项

A.transported

B.emitted

C.motivated

D.translated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项transport表示“运输”；B项emit表示“发出，发射”；C项motivate表示“刺激；使有动机”；D项translate表示“翻译，转化”。根据句意“激光发出的光与手电筒

的光在一些方面存在差异。”可知，B项“发出”最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B项。

8.单选题

Thecompanywill（）toitsagreement,nomatterhowcostlytheprocessmaybe.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.alter

C.abandon

D.adhere

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain“保持；记住”；alter“改变；修改”；abandon“放弃”；adhere“坚持；依附”，根据nomatterhow“无论如何”可知此处要表达的是这个公司非常坚定的态度，四个选项中只有adhere表明了这个公司的立场，且adhere与介词to是固定搭配，表示“坚持……”。句意：这个公司会……他的协议，不管这一过程的代价会有多大。由此可知选项D正确。

9.单选题

Theworldwillbeadvancingwithsuchgreatspeedthatour____willlookuponusandourtimewithasenseofsuperiority.

问题1选项

A.antecedents

B.descendants

C.predecessors

D.contemporaries

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.antecedents祖先B.descendants后代

C.predecessors前人D.contemporaries同时代的人

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处前文提到“世界将以如此快的速度前进”，空格处为从句的主语，后文提到“会以一种优越感看待我们和我们的时代”。“优越感”说明他们所处的时代比我们现在的时代要更好，而世界是不断进步的，因此，其主语应该是我们的后代，B选项descendants“后代”符合语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不能使原句前后语义衔接。

【句意】世界将以如此巨大的速度前进，以至于我们的后代将以一种优越感看待我们和我们的时代。

10.单选题

Inthe1930’s，whenmillionsofcomicbookswere（）theyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedtonoticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical.

问题1选项

A.inundating

B.imitating

C.immolating

D.insulating

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。inundate“淹没；泛滥”；imitate“模仿；仿制”；immolate“献祭；牺牲”；insulate“隔离；使绝缘”。句意：在1930年代,当数以百万计的漫画书用打斗和杀戮……年轻一代，似乎没有人注意到在街上汽车的暴力更疯狂一些。漫画书无处不在的暴力让年轻人深陷其中，选择“淹没”更符合句意。因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Whydoescreamgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.

Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions—tinyglobules（小球体）ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat’sintheglobulesandwhat’sinthesurroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.

Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.“Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture.”Hesays.

Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.“Inbutter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthehoteliergrowing.”SaysBrocklehurst.

Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.

1.ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst’sresearchisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfasterthanbutterbecausebacteria

（

）.

3.AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘colonies’’refersto

（

）.

5.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservatives

B.itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutter.

C.itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutter.

D.itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition

问题2选项

A.aremoreevenlydistributedincream

B.multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutter

C.liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutter

D.producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter

问题3选项

A.removingitsfat

B.killingthebacteria

C.reducingitswatercontent

D.alteringitsstructure

问题4选项

A.tinyglobules

B.bacteriacommunities

C.wateryregions

D.littlecompartment

问题5选项

A.byvaryingitschemicalcomposition

B.byturningitintoasolidhump

C.whilekeepingitsstructureunchanged

D.whileretainingitsliquidform

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Brocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.”，可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段，“afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.”，可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现，有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中，水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判断出在奶油中，细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.”，可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示，我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险，抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.”，可知当情况发生逆转时，细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trappedinthisway可判断出，此句是对上一句情况的继续描述，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变，这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都为主语。可判断出colonies也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.”，可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂，就像用于黄油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态，而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同时抵抗细菌的侵袭，那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途，所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

6.

问题1选项

A.Hehaslostsomeweight.

B.Hehasgainedalot.

C.Heneedstoexercisemore.

D.Heisstilloverweight.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Youdon’tseemtobeoverweight.

M:No,notreally.IfIrunupaflightofstairs,ittakesmeawhiletogetmybreathback.Ineedtoworkoutmore.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Ineedtoworkoutmore（我需要加强锻炼）。

13.单选题

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebratedacrossarangeoffields.TheyholdthehighestpoliticalofficesfromThailandtoBrazil,CostaRicatoAustralia.AwomanholdsthetopspotattheInternationalMonetaryFund;anotherwontheNobelPrizeineconomics.Self-madebillionairesinBeijing,techinnovatorsinSiliconValley,pioneeringjusticesinGhana-intheseandcountlessotherareas,womenareleavingtheirmark.

Butholdtheapplause.InSaudiArabia,womenaren’tallowedtodrive.InPakistan,1,000womendieinhonorkillingseveryyear.Inthedevelopedworld,womenlagbehindmeninpayandpoliticalpower.ThepovertyrateamongwomenintheU.S.roseto14.5%lastyear.

Tomeasurethestateofwomen’sprogress.Newsweekranked165countries,lookingatfiveareasthataffectwomen’slives:treatmentunderthelaw,workforceparticipation,politicalpower,andaccesstoeducationandhealthcare.AnalyzingdatafromtheUnitedNationsandtheWorldEconomicForum,amongothers,andconsultingwithexpertsandacademics,wemeasured28factorstocomeupwithourrankings.

CountrieswiththehighestscorestendtobeclusteredintheWest,wheregenderdiscriminationisagainstthelaw,andequalrightsareconstitutionallyenshrined(神圣化).Butthereweresomesurprises.Someotherwisehigh-rankingcountrieshadrelativelylowscoresforpoliticalrepresentation.Canadarankedthirdoverallbut26thinpower,behindcountriessuchasCubaandBurundi.Doesthissuggestthatawomaninanation’stopofficetranslatestobetterlivesforwomeningeneral?Notexactly.“Tryingtoquantifyormeasuretheimpactofwomeninpoliticsishardbecauseinveryfewcountrieshavetherebeenenoughwomeninpoliticstomakeadifference,”saysAnne-MarieGoetz,peaceandsecurityadviserforU.N.Women.

Ofcourse,noindexcanaccountforeverything.Declaringthatonecountryisbetterthananotherinthewaythatittreatsmorethanhalfitscitizensmeansrelyingonbroadstrokesandgeneralities.Somethingssimplycan’tbemeasured.Andcross-culturalcomparisonscan’taccountfordifferencesofopinion.

Certainconclusionsarenonethelessclear.Foronething,ourindexbacksupasimplebutprofoundstatementmadebyHillaryClintonattherecentAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationsummit.“Whenweliberatetheeconomicpotentialofwomen,weelevatetheeconomicperformanceofcommunities,nations,andtheworld,”shesaid.“Thereisastimulativeeffectthatkicksinwhenwomenhavegreateraccesstojobsandtheeconomiclivesofourcountries:Greaterpoliticalstability.Fewermilitaryconflicts.Morefood.Moreeducationalopportunityforchildren.Byharnessingtheeconomicpotentialofallwomen,weboostopportunityforallpeople.

21.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutwomen’sprogresssofar?

22.Inwhatcountrieshavewomenmadethegreatestprogress?

23.WhatdoNewsweekrankingsrevealaboutwomeninCanada?

24.WhatdoesAnne-MarieGoetzthinkofawomanbeinginanation’stopoffice?

25.WhatdoesHillaryClintonsuggestwedotomaketheworldabetterplace?

问题1选项

A.Itstillleavesmuchtobedesired.

B.Itistooremarkabletobemeasured.

C.Ithasgreatlychangedwomen’sfate.

D.Itisachievedthroughhardstruggle.

问题2选项

A.Wherewomenholdkeypostsingovernment.

B.Wherewomen’srightsareprotectedbylaw.

C.Wherewomen’sparticipationinmanagementishigh.

D.Wherewomenenjoybettereducationandhealthcare.

问题3选项

A.Theycareliteaboutpoliticalparticipation.

B.Theyaregenerallytreatedasequalsbymen.

C.Theyhaveasurprisinglylowsocialstatus.

D.Theyareunderrepresentedinpolitics.

问题4选项

A.Itdoesnotnecessarilyraisewomen’spoliticalawareness.

B.Itdoesnotguaranteeabetterlifeforthenation’swomen.

C.Itenhanceswomen’sstatus.

D.Itboostswomen’sconfidence.

问题5选项

A.Givewomenmorepoliticalpower.

B.Stimulatewomen’screativity.

C.Allowwomenaccesstoeducation.

D.Tapwomen’seconomicpotential.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】21、【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“women’sprogress”可定位到第一段的第一句话“Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebratedacrossarangeoffields”（21世纪刚刚过去10年，女性在各个领域都取得了进步），然后第一段紧接着介绍了女性取得了哪些进步。再根据第二段第一句话“Butholdtheapplause”（但是别急着鼓掌）可知第二段又讲述了在某些国家女性的状况没有那么好。所以可以推测本题女性虽然取得了进步，但是还不够，即A选项“还有需要进步的地方”；B、C、D选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此A选项正确。

22、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干“countrieshavewomenmadethegreatestprogress”可定位到第四段第一句话“CountrieswiththehighestscorestendtobeclusteredintheWest,wheregenderdiscriminationisagainstthelaw,andequalrightsareconstitutionallyenshrined(神圣化)”（得分最高的国家往往集中在西方，那里性别歧视是违法的以及宪法保护男女平等权利），所以B选项“妇女权利受到法律保护”说法正确。女性担任国家最高职务不完全意味着总体上女性的生活会更好，所以可以排除A、C选项；D选项不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

23、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“Newsweekrankings”定位到第三段的第二句话“Newsweekranked165countries”。根据上下文都是讲的排名情况，再由第四段“Canadarankedthirdoverallbut26thinpower”可知是对前文的举例说明，即“Someotherwisehigh-rankingcountrieshadrelativelylowscoresforpoliticalrepresentation”（其他一些排名靠前的国家在政治代表方面的得分相对较低），也就是表明加拿大的女性在政治代表方面的得分较低，因此D选项“她们在政治上的代表不足”符合题意。A、B、C选项与加拿大的情况无关，所以排除。因此D选项正确。

24、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到本文的第四段。根据上下文可知，引用Anne-MarieGoetz的话是为了说明前面的内容，即第四段倒数第二句话“Doesthissuggestthatawomaninanation’stopofficetranslatestobetterlivesforwomeningeneral?Notexactly”（这是否意味着，女性担任国家最高职务就意味着总体上女性的生活会更好？不完全是。）因此B选项“它不能保证这个国家的妇女过上更好的生活”说法正确。其余选项在原文中无相关表述。因此B选项正确。

25、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“HillaryClinton”定位到第六段第二句话，紧接着第三句话为她的观点即“‘Whenweliberatetheeconomicpotentialofwomen,weelevatetheeconomicperformanceofcommunities,nations,andtheworld,’shesaid…forallpeople”，以上均为maketheworldabetterplace的具体表现，但是总结来说就是D选项“挖掘女性经济潜力”，且tap为harnessing的近义词。A、B、C选项不是HillaryClinton的建议，她的建议主要是在经济领域，所以排除。因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Inmostcasespoliticiansare（）astheyseldomtellthetruth.

问题1选项

A.skeptical

B.pessimistic

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A:skeptical“怀疑的，多疑的”；B:pessimistic“悲观的”；C:incredulous“怀疑的”；D:incredible“难以相信的”。句意：在大多数情况下，政治家都是难以相信的，因为他们很少说实话。结合此处句意，政治家很少说实话，判断出选项D为正确答案。

15.单选题

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbroughtonbyphysicalevents,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponsedifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisself-control,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachinhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeview.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Youmustalsokeepfromattachingtoomuchimportancetoevents,asthingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.

36.Themainpointofthisreadingisthat（）.

37.Controllingyourthoughtsalwaysinvolves（）.

38.Humanresponsetostressis（）.

39.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingtheselectionisto（）.

40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsincludedintheselectionmostdirectlysupportsthewriter’sviewthatstressiscontrollable?

问题1选项

A.stressisanimbalancebetweeninternalandexternaldemands

B.controllingphysicalreactionsandthoughtsisaneffectivemeansofmanagingstress

C.relaxationisthekeytosuccessfulstressmanagement

D.stressmanagementrequiresaproblem-solvingapproach

问题2选项

A.consideringthesituationfromdifferentperspectives

B.imaginingyourselfmanagingthestress

C.relaxationtechniquestoeliminatephysicalsymptoms

D.agentleandpassivebreath

问题3选项

A.universal

B.variableaccordingtosex

C.unchanging

D.individual

问题4选项

A.explaintherelationshipbetweenstressandconflict

B.instructthereaderonhowtocontrolstress

C.describerelaxationtechniques

D.persuadethereadertoreducestressthroughsuccessfulmanagement

问题5选项

A.Thingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.

B.Stressisanimbalancebetweendemands.

C.Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflict,justastheyresponddifferentlytostress.

D.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】36.主旨大意题。定位在第一句Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.（压力是外界对我们的要求和满足这些要求的自身能力之间存在的失衡状态。）A选项“压力是内在需求和外在需求之间的不平衡”，由第一句可知压力是外在需求和自身能力之间失衡而产生的，表述有误，B选项“控制身体反应和思想是管理压力的有效手段”定位在最后两段的首句。Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.（控制身体的压力症状需要放松。）Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.（控制你的思想是压力管理的第二个主要因素。）本文开始介绍了压力产生的原因后面着重讲到了控制压力的方法。因此B选项符合原文，也是对文章的一个总体概括。C选项“放松是成功管理压力的关键”文中并没有进行对比，属于以偏概全。D选项“压力管理需要解决问题的方法”文中有详细给出控制压力的办法，故选B。

37.客观细节题。根据原文Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeview.（成功地管理压力需要思维的灵活性。也就是说，你必须考虑另一种观点。）由此可知，成功地管理压力，需要改变自己之前所持的一些观点。A选项“从不同的角度考虑”转换观点，从另一个角度进行考虑，正确。B选项“想象自己在管理压力”，C选项“放松技巧以消除身体症状”，D选项“轻柔而被动的呼吸”，B，C，D选项与题意无关，可排除，故选A。

38.客观细节题。定位第三段的第一句Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponsedifferentlytostress.（人们对冲突的反应不同，正如他们对压力的反应不同。）由此可知，每个人对待压力的