2018年江苏高考英语试题答案解析

2018年江苏高考英语试题答案解析听力略21.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_______wearrived.A.where

B.whenC.why

D.how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。拓展：本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构，然后根据前句Byboatistheonlywaytogethere提示可知作方式状语，就不难选出正确答案。22.Kids

shouldn’t

have

access

to

violent

films

because

they

might

_______the

things

theysee.A.indicate

B.investigateC.imitate

D.innovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A.indicate指示；B.investigate调查；C.imitate模仿；D.innovate改革。故选C。拓展：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。23.Self-driving

is

an

area

_______China

and

the

rest

of

the

world

are

on

the

same

startingline.A.that

B.whereC.which

D.when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于inwhich。故选B。拓展：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。24.It’s

strange

that

he

_______have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner’s

permission.A.would

B.shouldC.could

D.might【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”Itisimportant/necessary/strange/impossible/naturalthat...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。拓展：本题考查虚拟语气。Itisimportant/necessary/strange/impossible/naturalthat...主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：Itisstrangethathehadmadeamistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）Itisstrangethathe(should)havemadeamistake.（虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）25.Developing

the

Yangtze

River

Economic

Belt

is

a

systematic

project

which

_______aclearroadmapandtimetable.A.calls

for

B.calls

onC.calls

off

D.calls

up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A.callsfor需要；B.callson号召；C.callsoff取消；D.callsup使想起。故选A。拓展：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。26.Around

13,500

new

jobs

were

created

during

the

period,_______the

expected

numberof12,000held

bymarket

analysts.A.having

exceeded

B.to

exceedC.exceeded

D.exceeding【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。拓展：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。havingexceeded强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前；toexceed表示将要超出；exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。27.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI

_______asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A.had

B.willhaveC.wouldhavehad

D.havehad【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。拓展：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住前句Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。28.—You

know

what?

I’ve

got

a

New

Year

concert

ticket.—Oh,_______You’re

kidding.A.so

what?

B.go

ahead.C.come

on.

D.whatfor?【答案】C【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——你知道是什么吗？我已经得到一张新年音乐会的票了。——哦，得了吧，你开玩笑的吧。A.sowhat?那又怎么样？B.goahead.去吧。C.comeon.得了吧。D.whatfor?为什么？交际用语中comeon表示“得了吧！算了吧！”，用来指责别人或表示不耐烦。故选C。【拓展】本题考查交际用语。对于交际用语的考查，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，尽量避免汉语式的表达。解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。本题选项中的comeon.是大家熟悉的交际用语，我们常见的含义有：①加油！②赶快！(用于催促别人快点)③赶快！(用于催促别人快点)但这些含义与本题都无关。所以我们要多积累，多了解短语在不同交际用语中的不同用法。29._______you

can

sleep

well,

you

will

lose

the

ability

to

focus,

plan

and

staymotivated

afteroneor

two

nights.A.Once

B.UnlessC.If

D.When【答案】B【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A.Once一旦；B.Unless除非；C.If如果；D.When当……时候。故选B。拓展：本题考查连词辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。30.I

was

sent

to

the

village

last

month

to

see

how

the

development

plan

_______in

the

pasttwoyears.A.had

been

carried

out

B.wouldbecarriedoutC.is

being

carried

out

D.hasbeencarriedout【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语lastmonth和inthepasttwoyears可知用过去完成时。故选A。拓展：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语lastmonth和inthepasttwoyears，从而得出答案。31.Hopefully

in

2025

we

will

no

longer

be

e-mailing

each

other,for

we_______moreconvenientelectroniccommunication

tools

by

then.A.havedeveloped

B.had

developedC.will

have

developed

D.developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语bythen到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。拓展：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语in2025和bythen，从而得出答案。32.Try

to

understand

what’s

actuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe_______you’vemade.A.assignment

B.associationC.acquisition

D.assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A.assignment分配；B.association交往；C.acquisition获得；D.assumption假设。故选D。拓展：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actuallyhappening实际发生和insteadof而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。33.China’ssoft

power

grows

_______the

increasing

appreciation

and

understandingofChinaglobally.A.inlinewith

B.inreplytoC.inreturnfor

D.inhonourof【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A.inlinewith按照；与...一致；B.inreplyto答复；C.inreturnfor作为...的报酬；D.inhonourof为纪念。故选A。拓展：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。34.Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel,themanageris_______toinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.A.keen

B.reluctantC.anxious

D.ready【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A.keen敏锐的；B.reluctant不情愿的；C.anxious渴望的；D.ready准备好的。故选B。拓展：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境。同时，考生应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语。本题中4个选择项中都可以与to连用。bekeento渴望；bereluctantto不情愿做；beanxiousto急于；bereadyto乐意，再分析句意可以得出答案。35.—Whathappened?Yourbossseemsto_______.—Didn’t

you

know

his

secretary

leaked

the

secret

report

to

the

press?A.be

over

the

moon

B.laugh

his

head

offC.be

all

ears

D.fly

off

the

handle【答案】D【解析】考查习惯用语。句意：——发生什么了？你老板看起来勃然大怒。——你难道不知道他的秘书把秘密报告泄露给新闻界了吗？A.beoverthemoon非常高兴；B.laughhisheadoff笑的要死；C.beallears洗耳恭听；D.flyoffthehandle勃然大怒。故选D。拓展：本题考查习惯用语。英语习语是英语中使用最普遍、表达力最强、文化内涵最丰富的一部分，包括成语、谚语、格言、典故、俚语、俗语、歇后语等，是英语语言的精粹。同学们在学习过程中准确掌握英语中的习语，能帮助同学们深刻理解英语词汇中的文化内涵及文化差异，从而更加准确、传神地使用英语。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen___36___topaylawyers’fees.Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed（诊断）witha____37____disease.Therewasno____38____,onlypainrelief.Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakea___39___4___40___journey,astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers’(徒步旅行者）guide.Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipand____41____recovery.Whenleavinghome,RaynorandMothhadjust￡320inthebank.Theyplannedtokeepthe____42____lowbylivingonboilednoodles,withthe____43____hamburgershoptreat.Wildcampingis____44____inEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught,theWinnshadtogettheirtentup____45____andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.TheWinnssoondiscoveredthatdailyhikingintheir50sisalot_____46_____thantheyrememberitwasintheir20s.Raynor_____47_____alloveranddesiredabath.Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitial_____48_____,foundhissymptomswerestrangely_____49_____bytheirdailytiringjourney.____50____,thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter,withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad_____51_____forever."Ourhairwasfriedandfallingout,nailsbroken,clothes_____52_____toathread,butwewerealive."Duringthejourney,Raynorbeganacareerasanaturewriter.Shewrites,"_____53_____hadtakeneverymaterialthingfrommeandleftmetornbare,anemptypageattheendofa(n)_____54_____writtenbook.Ithadalsogivenmea_____55_____,eithertoleavethatpage_____56_____ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.Ichosehope.”36.A.drawnup

B.usedup

C.backedup

D.keptup37.A.mild

B.common

C.preventable

D.serious38.A.cure

B.luck

C.care

D.promise39.A.business

B.walking

C.bus

D.rail40.A.expected

B.frightening

C.disappointing

D.surprising41.A.budget

B.revenue

C.compensation

D.allowance42.A.frequent

B.occasional

C.abundant

D.constant43.A.unpopular

B.lawful

C.attractive

D.illegal44.A.soon

B.early

C.late

D.slowly45.A.harder

B.easier

C.cheaper

D.funnier46.A.rolled

B.bled

C.ached

D.trembled47.A.struggle

B.progress

C.excitement

D.research48.A.developed

B.controlled

C.reduced

D.increased49.A.Initially

B.Eventually

C.Temporarily

D.Consequently50.A.gained

B.kept

C.wounded

D.lost51.A.sewn

B.washed

C.worn

D.ironed52.A.Doctors

B.Hiking

C.Lawyers

D.Homelessness53.A.well

B.partly

C.neatly

D.originally54.A.choice

B.reward

C.promise

D.break55.A.loose

B.full

C.blank

D.missing【答案】36.B

37.D

38.A

39.B

40.D

41.A

42.B

43.D

44.C

45.A

46.C

47.A

48.C

49.B

50.D

51.C

52.D

53.B

54.A

55.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Winn夫妇投资失败变得一无所有，更糟糕的是丈夫被诊断为重疾。然而他们没有放弃，决定徒步野外旅行。出乎意料的是，丈夫的症状渐渐减少了，夫妇二人变得越来越强壮了，妻子也开始了自然作家的生涯。36.考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A.drawnup起草；B.usedup用光；C.backedup拥堵；D.keptup保持。根据后面的topaylawyers’fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。37.考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.mild温和的；B.common共同的；C.preventable可预防的；D.serious严重的。根据后句Therewasno

38

,onlypainrelief.可知，Moth被诊断为严重的疾病。故选D。38.考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.cure对策；B.luck幸运；C.care关心；D.promise诺言。名词cure在这里表示“治疗的方法”。没有任何治疗的方法，只有止疼。故选A。39.考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.business事务；B.walking走；C.bus公交；D.rail栏杆。根据后句astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers’(徒步旅行者）guide.可知，他们决定作一次徒步旅行。故选B。40.考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.expected预期的；B.frightening令人害怕的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.surprising令人惊讶的。这是一次漫长的旅程，经历了不寻常的艰苦和惊人的恢复。故选D。41.考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.budget预算；B.revenue税收；C.compensation赔偿；D.allowance津贴。他们计划靠吃煮面条来维持低预算。故选A。42.考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.frequent频繁的；B.occasional偶尔的；C.abundant大量的；D.constant不断的。偶尔到汉堡包店款待。故选B。43.考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.unpopular不受欢迎的；B.lawful合法的；C.attractive

吸引人的；D.illegal非法的。根据后句Toavoidbeingcaught,可知，在英国，野营是非法的。故选D。44.考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.soon不久；B.early早的；C.late迟的；D.slowly慢慢地。根据后句andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.中的early提示可知，他们不得不晚些时候把帐篷搭起来。故选C。45.考查形容词比较级以及对语境的理解。A.harder更难的；B.easier更容易的；C.cheaper更便宜的；D.funnier可笑的。根据常识可知，Winns夫妇很快发现在他们50多岁的每日徒步旅行要比他们所记的在他们20多岁的每日徒步旅行要艰难的很多。故选A。46.考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.rolled滚动；B.bled流血；C.ached疼；D.trembled发抖。根据常识可知，Raynor浑身疼。故选C。47.考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.struggle斗争；B.progress进展；C.excitement激动；D.research研究。经过最初的与病魔作斗争。故选A。48.考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.developed发展；B.controlled控制；C.reduced减少；D.increased增加。发现他的症状不可思议的减少了。故选C。49.考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.Initially起初；B.Eventually最终；C.Temporarily临时地；D.Consequently因此。最终，这对夫妇发现他们的身体变好了。故选B。50.考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.gained获得；B.kept保持；C.wounded受伤；D.lost失去。根据前句withre-foundstrongmuscles可知他们原以为永远失去的强壮的肌肉又再现了。故选D。51.考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.sewn缝；B.washed洗；C.worn穿破；D.ironed熨。这里指他们的衣服破成了线状物。故选C。52.考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.

Doctors医生；B.Hiking徒步旅行；C.Lawyers律师；D.Homelessness无家可归。无家可归夺走了我所有的物质。故选D。53.考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.well好；B.partly部分地；C.neatly整洁地；D.originally起初。在写已好书中的部分，最后有一页空白页。故选B。54.考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.choice选择；B.reward报酬；C.promise许诺；

D.break休息。根据后句eithertoleavethatpage

55

ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.中either…or…可知这里是一种选择。它也给我一种选择。故选A。55.考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.loose宽松的；B.full满的；C.blank空白的；D.missing失踪的。根据前文中anemptypageattheendofa(n)

53

writtenbook.可知要么留下那页空白，要么继续写着希望的故事。故选C。拓展：本篇完形填空讲述了一个励志故事，传递出面对人生逆境乐观以对的人生态度。题目难度属于中等。考生需认真阅读短文，仔细审题，注意抓住故事情节，理解文章脉络，领会作者的写作意图，注重语境的理解，前后句之间的联系，在语境中斟酌所选的答案。第三部分:阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)ATheMetropolitanMuseumofArt1000FifthAvenueNewYork,NY10028211-535-7710EntrancesFifthAvenueat82ndStreetHoursOpen7daysaweek.Sunday-Thursday10:00-17:30FridayandSaturday10:00-21:00ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,January1,andthefirstMondayinMay.Admission$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.FreewithAdmissionAllspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,andfamily/children'sprogramsarefreewithadmission.Askabouttoday'sactivitiesattheGreatHallInformationDesk.TheCloistersMuseumandGardensTheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.Hours:Open7daysaweek.March-October10:00-17:15November-February10:00-16:45ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,andJanuary1.56.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A.$12.

B.$37.C.$50.

D.$6257.TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat________.A.itopensalltheyearroundB.itscollectionsdatefromtheMiddleAgesC.ithasamodernEuropean-stylegardenD.itsellsexcellentEuropeanglasscollections【答案】56.C

57.B【解析】本文为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt的地理位置，开放时间，门票收取，展出内容以及分馆TheCloistersMuseumandGardens的相关情况。56.细节理解题。根据admission部分$25recommendedforadults，$12recommendedforstudents，freeforchildrenunder12withanadult可知11岁的女孩和她父母去参观博物馆只需付两个成人的票价即25×2=50，故答案为C。57.细节理解题。根据文章TheCloistersMuseumandGardens部分theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.可以得知，TheCloistersMuseumandGardens的吸引人的地方在于它的中古时期的收藏品，故选B。拓展：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。本题中两题皆为细节理解题，其中第一题为语义理解题，根据文章中admission部分的信息，通过计算很容易得出答案。而第二题也属于语义理解题。根据最后一部分中theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.可以推出其收藏品主要是中国时期的。BInthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,nonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding.highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,"giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.58.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovided59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.Playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Makingthelightbrighter,D.Usingplatesoflargersize.60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.【答案】58.A

59.A

60.D【解析】本文为议论文，介绍了现代餐馆面临的经营困境和解决方案，介绍了刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅就餐的一些错误认识。58.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线部分的前句theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,可知在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少，再根据划线后的句子theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.可知他们虽然吃得很多，但并没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了，所以A正确。59.细节理解题。根据第四段中的Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D项文章没有提及，所以用排除方法可以选A。60.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding，highprices—don'tnecessarily.可知你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如不好的桌子，拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。拓展：概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。本题的最后一题是主旨大意类，要求概括本段的主旨大意，根据寻找主旨大意的方法，通过阅读第一句话可以简单地总结出主旨大意为人们对于饭店的几个误解。在通过阅读下文可以找到支持这一观点的例子，因此可以确定主旨大意。CIfyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生态系统),smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,美国青年农会)andafamilyfarmermyself.Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldn'ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct,theycanstayinbusiness.Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won'thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.Onecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrominvestors,developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone'sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.From2004to2013,agriculturallandvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.Withfarmersovertheageof65outnumbering(多于）farmersyoungerthan35bysixtoone,andwithtwo-thirdsofthenation'sfarmlandinneedofanewfarmer,wemustclearthepathfortalentedpeoplewillingtogrowthenation'sfood.Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy,butfarmerscan'tclumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmsfromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.61.Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce.A.theprogressmadeincarindustryB.aspecialfeatureofagricultureC.atrendofdevelopmentinagricultureD.theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry62.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleinparagraph2?A.Loanstosmalllocalfarmersarenecessary.B.Technologyisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.C.CompetitionbetweensmallandbigfarmsisfierceD.Smallfarmersmaygainsomeadvantagesoverbigones.63.Whatisthedifficultyforthosenewfamers?A.Togainmorefinancialaid.B.Tohiregoodfarmmanagers.C.Tohavefarmsoftheirown.D.Towinoldfarmers’support.64.Whatshouldfarmersdoforamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy?A.SeeksupportbeyondNYFC.B.Expandfarmlandconservation.C.BecomemembersofNYFC.D.Investmoretoimprovetechnology.【答案】61.B

62.D

63.C

64.A【解析】本文为说明文，文章主要分析了美国小农场的特点及目前美国农业所面临的问题。61.推理判断题。根据文章第一句话Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.可知一般人不可能影响到汽车工业，而根据第二句话的but可知农业和工业是不同的，接下来就介绍了农业不同于工业的地方，故B正确。62.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.可以看出新农具的发明使得工作效率提高，使得小农民可以跟大农场竞争，再根据第二段最后一句可知他们的价格更优惠，产品更新鲜使得农民更有优势，故选D。63.细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句话Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.可知，新农民面临的最大挑战是无法获得公民身份，因此不能建设自己的农场，故选C。64.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmsfromallbackgrounds.可知NYFC需要广泛的支持，包括要求议会增加农田保护，推动移民改革，探寻政策确保不同背景的新农民的成功等，所以为了保证农业经济的可持续发展农民需要寻求NYFC以外的很多方面的支持。故选A。拓展：根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。本题中的第二小题是推理判断题，即根据例子判断作者想要解释什么，根据原文根据文章第二段可知一位年轻的农民发明了一件新农具，再根据第二句Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.可以推知新农具使其生产效率提高，使得小农民可以跟大农场竞争，再根据最后一句可知他们的价格更优惠，产品更新鲜使得农民更有优势，故选D。DChildrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.Somechangetheirbehaviourinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren'sCommissioner(专员）AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes”fortheironlineposts.Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.Childrenaged8to10were"startingtofeelhappy"whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere"concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts",suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup"worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.Shesaid:"Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool."Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves".MissLongfieldadded:"Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon'tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.""Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally."TheChildren'sCommissionerforEngland'sstudy—lifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人）or