2021-2022学年河南省豫南名校高二（下）期末英语试卷（附答案详解）

2021-2022学年河南省豫南名校高二(下)期末英语试卷ASomeoftheMostFamousModemArchitecturesBarcelonaPavillion(Barcelona,Spain,1929)Acantilevered(悬臂式的)roofisthedesignofBarcelonaPavilion.Althoughitwasquitesmall,thearchitectdidhisbesttouseluxuriousmaterials.Oneofthefamouspiecesoffurniture,speciallycreatedforthebuilding,istheBarcelonachair.VillaDirickz(Brusels,Belgium,1933)VillaDirickzhaseye-catchingblockyfeatures,glassworksandwhiteconcretesurroundedbygreenery.Thevillaisequippedwithadvancedfacilitieslikeacinema.ltwasignoredtilladeveloperboughtitin2(X)7anddevotedallpossibleresourcestoitsrepairs.IsokonBuilding(London,UK.1934)Thebuilding,consistingof32apartments,isstillinusetoday.ltalsoincludesstaffroomsandalargegarage.Theapartmentshaveasharedkitchenforpeopletopreparefoodfreely.Asharedgalleryisbuiltinthegaragetotellpeopleaboutthehistoryofthebuilding.NeueNationalGalerie(Berlin.Germany,1968)Themuseumhostsanartcollectionthatdatesbacktotheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.Itstypicalmodernistdesignincludesacantileveredroofandflatappearances.Thebuildingissurroundedbyasculpturedlandscape.WhatdoweknowaboutBarcelonaPavilion?ItliesinBelgium.Itfeaturesitsroof.Itissurroundedbysculptures.ItisSpain'ssmallestarchitecture.WhatcanpeopledoinIsokonBuilding?A.Liveinthegarageforfree. B.Cookfood.C.Seemoviestogether. D.Buyartcollections.Whicharchitecturehastheshortesthistory?A.BarcelonaPavilion. B.VillaDirickz.C.IsokonBuilding. D.NeueNationalGalerie.BTodayisMother'sDay.Allthechildrenhavepreparedamusicalselectiontosingfortheirmoms.Mydad,whoisateacherataprimaryschool,ishelpinganautistic(自闭的)10-year-oldboyholdlongenoughforthesingingtoend.Mydadholdstheboy'shandtightly,andthenfinallyencourageshimtofinishthesinging.Suddenlytheboybitesmydad'shand,rushestothefrontofthestand,anddramaticallycries,"Thatmantriestocontrolme!”Myfatherfeelssurprisedandisataloss.We'veallbeenthere.Howmanytimeshaveourownchildrenbeennaughty,makingushavenochoicebuttoshakeourheadsandavoideyecontactwiththerestoftheworld?Obviouslynoteveryoutbreakhappensatschool：Thereareplentyofstoriesinthesuper-market.Once,!tookmy3-year-oldchildtoseeafunnymoviebutwehadtoleaveearlybecauseofhisnoise.Anothertime,!lookedhelplesslyupatthefastfoodworkerwhomychildjustcalled"fat”.Iblamedhimasusual.Whafsthepointintellingthesestories?Sothenexttimeyourchildmakesnoiseinpublic,instead,youcanjustsmile,tryingtoquiethimorher.Andwhenyournephewstartsrunningupanddowntheaislesatchurch,youcanchaseafterhimwithconfidence,rememberingtosay,"Youarerunningsofastbutpleaseslowdown!',Andwhenitseemslikeallthatanyonehastoofferiscriticism,justrememberthatyouarenotalone.We'vealllivedthroughthesameexperiences.Mostofusunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough.No,Idon'thavemuchadvice.Justabig"thankyou"forallthemoms,dads,uncles,auntsandfriendswhohaveandknownaughtychildren.Keepgoing-youaredoingagreatjob.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Bylistingstatistics. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bymakingassumptions. D.Bymakingacomparison.Whatdoestheauthorthinkparentsshoulddowhentheirboysarenaughty?A.Dealwiththemcalmly.Beatthemrightaway.Criticizethemseriously.Asktheteacherstoquietthem.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetopeoplewhounderstandnaughtychildren?A.Doubtful.B.Surprised.C.Grateful.D.Negative.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Publicmanners. B.Childeducation.C.Musicinspiration. D.Entertainingstories.cMargotdoesn'thaveagarbagecan.Itdoesn'tneedonebecauseMargotsimplydoesn'tcauseanythingtogetthrownaway.Therestaurantdoesn'tallowanytypeofsingle-useplastic.Margot,whichopenedlastyear,isoneofthesmallbutgrowingrestaurantsaroundtheworldaimingtoavoidnotonlyfoodleftovers,butalsoanygarbage."Foodwastehasbeenincreasingasanissueforrestaurantsoverthelast10years,*'saysCalvinBrown.HerunstheSustainableRestaurantAssociation.BasedintheUnitedKingdom,theorganizationhelpsfoodbusinessbecomemoreenvironmentallyresponsible.Hesaysthatfoodwastecontributestoreleasingthegreenhousegas,sothereisstrongmotivationtoreducewasteandhelptheenvironment.IntheUSA,foodwasteandpackingaccountfornearlyhalfofthematerialsenttolandfills.RestaurantsfromMcDonald'stoStarbucksareaddressingthisissuewithunostrawMondays11andlimitsonsingle-servingplastic,butahandfulofrestaurateursaretryingtogetridofrubbishentirely.There^alsoeconomiccasetobemadefbrwastereduction.Onestudyshowsthatrestaurantssavesevendollarsforeverydollarinvestedinanti-wastemethods.Avoidingfoodwasteisthefirstandperhapsmostobviouschallengefbrsustainablerestaurants.DougMcMaster,chefatSiloinLondon,onlyservesasetmenu.Thisremovestheworrythatoneparticularitemwon'tsellwell,andwillspoilintherefrigerator.Compost(月巴)isanecessityaswell.Nolla(meaning"zero"inFinnish)inHelsinki,Finlandisgivingcomposttoitssuppliersaswellasitsdiners.Nollaalsohasfood-trackingsoftwaremorecommonlyusedamongcorporatefoodservicecompaniestokeeptrackofwhatsellsandwhatrots.Sometimesrestaurantscallthemselvesenvironmentallyfriendly,buttheymightjustbeusingthelabeLCalvinofferssomepointersonwhattolookfbrtomakesurearestaurantistrulycommittedtosustainability.WhatdoesMargotfeature?A.Itslargesize. B.Itsopeninghours.C.Itsplasticgarbagecans. D.Itszero-wastegoal.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?Waysofpackagingfood.Theissueofinvestinginservices.Theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.Effortsofsomerestaurantstoreducerubbish.WhichofthefollowingdoesNollatrytodo?Onlyserveasetmenu.Hardlyuserefrigerators.Supplycomposttoitscustomers.Keeptrackofdiners'preferences.WhatdoesCalvinthinkrestaurantsshoulddo?Contributetosustainabledevelopmentofthefoodindustry.Savemoneyondealingwithkitchengarbage.Useeco-friendlylabels.Expandfoodbusiness.DTheScienceandTechnologyFacilitiesCouncil(STFC)andUniversityofCentralLancashire(UCLan)sharefindingsofaprojecttoimprovestudentengagementwithscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics(STEM).It*slongbeenacknowledgedthatstudentsfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsareunderrepresentedinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicscareers.Now,researchconductedbyUCLanandfundedbySTFCshowsthecausesofthisproblemandpointstoinnovativesolutions.TheBlackpoolPhysics：Inspire,Engage,Research(PIER)projectfoundthatprimaryschoolchildrenfromlowsocio-economicareasarejustasinterestedinsciencebutlackknowledgeaboutpossiblesciencecareers.ThePIERprojectisfollowingagroupofpupilsastheyprogressfromGrade6toGrade9,usingsurveys,interviewsandotherassessmentstomeasureinterestinscience.Theseinitialfindingssuggestthatattemptstoincreasescienceparticipationamongyoungpeopleshouldnotsimplypromotethesubjectas"fun"or''interesting".Instead,greaterimpactcouldbeachievedbydemonstratingclearlyhowsciencecanopenpossiblefuturecareeropportunities.Manyofthepupilstakingpartinthestudyunderstoodthatstudyingsciencecouldbeusefulbutfewcouldexplainwhy,suggestinganeedfbrgreatereducationaboutSTEMcareers.Aswellasbroadeningourunderstandingoftheissue,thePIERprojectissolvingtheproblemheadon.Theteamhascarriedoutavarietyofactivitieseachyearfortheparticipants,including"meetthescientists1*events,tripstoUCLan'sAlstonObservatoryaswellasfamilyscienceeventsatschool.LeadResearcherandSTFCFellowinPublicEngagement,ProfessorRobertWalsh,said,"Muchgovernmentpolicytowardsboostingscienceinhighereducationfocusesonanassumedlackofinterestanddesireinlow-socioeconomicgroups.nHowever,theenthusiasmisalreadythereandthis,'hiddenscienceidentity1'needstoberevealedandtranslatedintoreal-lifeprospectsfortheseyoungpeople.WeYerecommendingthatprogramsinsteadallowyoungpeopletoexploretheirscienceidentitymorefullyandprovideinnovativewaystodiscoverthejobsthatstudyingsciencemayleadto.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutpoorstudents?TheyhavenointerestinSTEMcareers.Theyarenotengagedenoughinscience.Theyaremorerepresentativeofscience.Theyhavemanycharacterdisadvantages.WhatdoesthePIERprojectpaymoreattentionto?Assessingpupils'performance.Increasingthesurveysofpupils.Demonstratingthepotentialvalueofscience.Promotingthesubjectas"fun"or"interesting".Whydoestheteamconductvariousactivities?Toimprovestudents*understandingofSTEMcareers.Topromoteteaching-relatedcareers*development.Tomeetthepupils*needsforschoolevents.Toboostsciencedevelopment.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?ThePIERProjectHelpsPoorPupilsEngageinScienceHowDoesthePIERProjectComeintoBeing?IncreasePupils'LearningAwarenessWhatIstheDefinitionofPIER?Haveyouevergonetoamuseumorashowandbeencompletelyblownawaybyapiece?Ifyouhaven't,gooutandgetcultured.FmastudentattheCollegeofVisualandPerformingArtswherewecreateallkindsofarteveryday.(1)ButIdon*tthinkthosepeopletrulyknowthedifficultiesandstrugglesintheprocessofmakingart.Firstofall,weneedtobeinspired.Youmaythinkthat*seasy.Infact,anythingcanserveasaconceptofaworkofart.(2)Sometimeswewillneedpeople,volunteers,bodiestodosoandfindingwillingpeopletoworkishard.Othertimeswehaveaclearideaofwhatwewantbutwedon'tknowhowtomakeotherpeoplefullyunderstandwhatwe'retryingtogetat.(3)Weneedaspacetobeabletobecreativeandthatcanbetrickytoacquire.Sometimesweneedartsuppliesorcertainequipmentandcostumesandthatcancostmoney.Evenifwedoacquirewhatweneed,visionschangeandmistakeshappensowemightnotendupusingtheresources.Theprocesscantakeweeks,months,andevenyearstobefullyrealized.Oncecompleted,weneedtoshareitandfindanaudienceandprovideanenvironmenttodisplayourwork.(4)Whatifnobodylikeswhatwecreated?Whatifourvisionisn*twhatwethoughtthoughcompleted?Creatingartisanartinitself.ltisreallynotaseasyasmanypeoplethink.(5)It'showweexpressourselvesandhowwecommunicatewiththerestoftheworld.A.Outsidersthinkourjobseasy.B.Weshouldbequietandcreative.C.Wemightchooseotherfieldsaswell.0.Resourcesarealsoahugefactorinmakingart.E.Thehardpartcomeswhenweputourideasintoreality.F.Andthenegativethoughtslovetooverpowerourminds.G.Ittakestime,patienceandspacewhenthingsdon'tgoasexpected.16.A.AEB.BC.CD.DE.F.FG.G17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GThefirstWomenoftheFutureAwardswassetin2013.Sincethen,manyyoungbusinessmen,socialchange-makersandleaders(21)ourjudges.Andtheyhavegoneontoachieveworld-classsuccess.Fromshakingwholeindustries-(22)themale-dominatedworldoftechnology-tomakingarealcontributionintheday-to-daylivesof(23)children,theWomenoftheFuturealumni(校友)areagroupofAustraliansthatmakeus(24)AnnabelleChauncyOAM,now34,who(25)thePeople'sChoicePrizein2014,hasgoneontomakerealchangesinUgandawithher(26)organization,SchoolforLife.Oneofthefirststudentsto(27)itwasagirlnamedSissy.*'Irememberhavinga(n)(28)withSissy'smum,0Annabellesays."Shesaid,*1justwanthertohaveaprimaryschooleducationandthenI'mokaywithhergoingoffandgetting(29)toabettermanbecauseshe'llhave(30)literacyskills.,nNowSissyisdoingherYear9athighschoolandislearningwith(31)."Thechangeinthegirlis(32),whostartedatprimaryschoolandwasnotabletolookyouintheeyebecauseshewasso(33)andafraid,"Annabellesays.Initsfirstyear,SchoolfbrLifehad80students.ltnoweducates1，025youngpeopleandprovidesother£34)»suchasvocationaltrainingandcounsellingservices.ReflectingonAnnabelle'swork,it'seasytofallunderthe(35)thateverythingsheachievedwasafactaccomplishment.ButlikesomanyofTheWeekly'sWomenoftheFuturealumni,Annabellewas(36)ayoungstudentfightingtobetakenseriouslyandtoprovethatonepersoncan(37)."Attheageof21,knockingondoorsandaskingfbrpeopleto(38)aschoolinUganda,while1hadhalfalawdegree,was£39),*'shesays."Therewerequitealotofpeoplewho(40)whetherwe'dbeabletofinishsomethinglikethis.MFinally,oureffortspaidoff.21.A.greetedB.persuadedC.movedD.impressed22.A.hardlyB.temporarilyC.particularlyD.randomly23.A.braveB.poorC.smartD.polite24.A.proudB.calmC.confusedD.thrilled25.A.organizedB.passedC.wonD.offered26.A.nonprofitB.costlyC.meaninglessD.wealthy27.A.putupwithB.signupforC.makeuseofD.getholdof28.A.argumentB.understandingC.cooperationD.conversation29.A.lostB.marriedC.usedD.back30.A.basicB.abundantC.differentD.excellent31.A.depressionB.burdenC.doubtD.confidence32.A.painfulB.incredibleC.imaginableD.original33.A.stubbornB.popularC.sunnyD.shy34.A.supportB.curesC.incomeD.funds35.A.habitB.messageC.feelingD.advice36.A.occasionallyB.frequentlyC.onceD.constantly37.A.makeadifferenceB.comeintoeffectC.giveinD.breakdownA.disturb B. invest C. praise D. inspireA.vital B. easy C. necessary D. toughA.permitted B.advocated C.questioned D. commentedTheChinaCulturalCenterinMaltaorganizedanonlineeventlastSaturdaytocelebrateWorldTaiChiDay.(1)(attract)manyMalteseTaiChienthusiasts.TaiChi,acenturiesoldChinesewushu(2)(characterize)bygentlemovementexercises,hasbeen(3)(wide)acceptedbypeoplearoundtheworld.TheeventfeaturedWangZhaniun.The(4)(found)ofaTaiChischool,teachingTaiChiviatheInternetfromHenanProvince,andtheschool'sstudentspresenting(5)(show)combiningTaiChiwiththedanceofShuixiu,oneofthemostskilfulstunts(特技动作)inChinesePekingOpera.TheMaltaTaiChiYangFamilyClub,theMaltaSchoolofWushu,theMaltaMartialArtsAssociation(6)theMediterraneanTraditionalChineseMedicineCenteralso(7)(practice)TaiChifortheonlineevent.HIamafirmbelieverinTaiChi.Ithasmanypositiveaspects."saidCliftonGrima."Weareusingonlinetechnology(8)ordertoensurethatthisartgetstothehouseofpeople(9)wouldliketopracticethismarvelousart.HnIlookverymuchforwardtofurthercooperationbetween(10)(we)countries,Which,thoughbeinglocatedindifferentcontinents,areconnectedduetotheirhistoricalaspects,"healsonoted.42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Asagirl,IwasfatbutIwasupsetaboutit.Istartedtoloseweightbytakeweight-losspills.Sometimelater,however,!feltmoreenergeticthanbefore.Mygoodfriends,Lily,madeasuggestionthatIeatahealthilydietandtakemoreexercise.Shealsoadvisemetotryjogginginthemorning,whatreallymadeadifference.NowIfinditisaneffectivewayofkeepinghealthyaswelllosingweight.Inaword,ifoneinsistsonexercising,heorshearesuretohaveanattractivefigureandkeepinfit.43.假定你是李华，最近你校组织大家参观了你市举办的文化展览。请你写一篇报道,并分享在校英文网站上，内容包括：.展览时间、地点；.展览主题：中国书画；.你的感悟。注意：.词数100左右；.题目已为你写好。答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、B、D【解析】(1)B.细节理解题。根据BarcelonaPavilion部分的Acantilevered(悬臂式的)roofisthedesignofBarcelonaPavilion.(悬臂式屋顶是巴塞罗那馆的设计。)可知，BarcelonaPavilion以屋顶为特征。故选B。B.推理判断题。根据IsokonBuilding部分的Theapartmentshaveasharedkitchenforpeopletopreparefoodfreely.(公寓有一个共用厨房，供人们免费准备食物。)可知，人们在IsokonBuilding可以做饭。故选B。D.细节理解题。根据每个部分第一行BarcelonaPavillion(Barcelona,Spain,1929)；VillaDirickz(Brusels,Belgium,1933)；IsokonBuilding(London,UK.1934)和NeueNationalGalerie(Berlin.Germany,1968)可知，对比每个建筑建造的年代，NeueNationalGalerie的历史最短。故选D。本文为应用文。文章介绍了一些最著名的现代建筑和它们的特色。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。4~7.【答案】B、A、C、B【解析】(1)B.细节理解题。根据第一段TodayisMother'sDay.Allthechildrenhavepreparedamusicalselectiontosingtheirmoms.Mydad,whoisateacherataprimaryschool,ishelpinganautisticyear-oldboyholdlongenoughforthesingingtoend.Mydadholdstheboy'shandtightandthenfinallyencourageshimtofinishthesinging.Suddenlytheboybitesmydad'sharushestothefrontofthestand,anddramaticallycries."Thatmantriestocontrolme!*'fatherfeelssurprisedandisataloss.We'veallbeenthere.Howmanytimeshaveourchildrenbeennaughty,makingushavenochoicebuttoshakeourheadsandavoideyeconwiththerestoftheworld?(今天是母亲节。所有的孩子都准备了一组歌曲给他们的妈妈唱。我的父亲是一名小学老师，他正在帮助一个自闭症男孩坚持到歌声结束。爸爸紧紧地握着男孩的手，最后鼓励他唱完。突然，那个男孩咬了我爸爸一下，冲到证人席前，戏剧性地哭了起来。"那个人想控制我!”父亲感到惊讶和不知所措。我们都有过这样的经历。有多少次，我们的孩子调皮捣蛋，让我们别无选择，只能摇头，避免与世界其他地方的人进行眼神交流？)以及第二段Once,Itookmy3-year-oldchildtoseeafunnymoviebutwehadtoleaveearlycauseofhisnoise.Anothertime,Ilookedhelplesslyupatthefastfoodworkerwhomychildjustcalled'Yat'Mblamedhimasusual.(有一次，我带我3岁的孩子去看一场有趣的电影，但我们不得不提前离开，因为他太吵了。还有一次，我无助地抬头看着那个被我的孩子称为“胖子”的快餐店工作人员。我像往常一样责怪他。)可知，文章通过例举作者父亲遇到的自闭症男孩以及作者自己的孩子淘气的情景来引出文章的主题。故选B。（2）A.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Sothetimeyourchildmakesnoiseinpublic,instead,youcanjustsmile,tryingtoquiethimorher.（所以当你的孩子在公共场合吵闹的时候，你可以微笑，试着让他或她安静下来。）可知，作者认为，当孩子淘气时，父母应当让孩子安静下来。故选A。（3）C.观点态度题。根据最后一段Justabig"thankyou"forallthemothers,dads,uncles,auntsandfriendswhohaveandknownaughtychildren.（感谢所有认识或有顽皮的孩子的妈妈、爸爸、叔叔、阿姨和朋友们。）可知，作者对理解这些顽皮孩子的人是感激的。故选C。（4）B.主旨大意题。根据第一段Howmanytimeshaveourchildrenbeennaughty,makingushavenochoicebuttoshakeourheadsandavoideyeconwiththerestoftheworld?（有多少次，我们的孩子调皮捣蛋，让我们别无选择，只能摇头，避免与世界其他地方的人进行眼神交流？）以及文章第二段Sothetimeyourchildmakesnoiseinpublic,instead,youcanjustsmile,tryingtoquiethimorher.（所以当你的孩子在公共场合吵闹的时候，你可以微笑，试着让他或她安静下来。）可知，文章主要讲述的孩子的教育问题。故选B。本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了对淘气孩子的教育问题。考查人生感悟类阅读理解。做题时要注意以下，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。8~1L【答案】D、D、C、A【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第——段Itdoesn'tneedonebecauseMargolsimplydoesntcauseanythingtogetthrownaway.Therestaurantdoesn'tallowanytypeofsingleuseplastic.Margot,whichopenedlastyear,isoneofthesmallbutgrowingrestaurantsaroundtheworldaimingtoavoidnotonlyfoodleftovers,butalsoanygarbage.（它不需要垃圾桶，因为Margot根本不会导致任何东西被扔掉。这家餐厅不允许使用任何类型的一次性塑料。去年开业的Margol是世界上小型但不断增长的餐厅之一，不仅旨在避免剩菜，也旨在避免任何垃圾。）可知，Margot的特点是它的零浪费的目标。故选D。D.段落大意题。根据第三段RestaurantsfromMcDonald'stoStarbucksareaddressingthisissuewith“nostrawMondays**andlimitsonsingle-servingplastic,butahandfulofrestaurateursaretryingtogetridofrubbishentirely.There'salsoeconomiccasetobemadeforwastereduction.Onestudyshowsthatrestaurantssavesevendollarsforeverydollarinvestedinanti-wastemethods.（从麦当劳到星巴克，许多餐馆都在用“星期一没有吸管”和对一次性塑料的限制来解决这个问题，而一些餐馆老板正试图完全清除垃圾。减少浪费也有经济理由。一项研究表明，餐馆在反浪费方法上每投资1美元，就能节省7美元。）可知，第三段主要讲的是一些餐馆在减少垃圾方面所做出的努力。故选DoC.细节理解题。根据第四段Compost（肥）isanecessityaswelLNolla（meaning"zero"inFinnish）inHelsinki,Finlandisgivingcomposttoitssuppliersaswellasitsdiners.Nollaalsohasfood-trackingsoftwaremorecommonlyusedamongcorporatefoodservicecompaniestokeeptrackofwhatsellsandwhatrots.（堆肥也是一种必需。芬兰赫尔辛基的Nolki（芬兰的意思是“零"）正在为其供应商和食客提供堆肥。）可知，Nolla努力提供堆肥给它的顾客。故选C。A.推理判断题。根据第二段Hesaysthatfoodwastecontributestoreleasingthegreenhousegas,sothereisstrongmotivationtoreducewasteandhelptheenvironment.（他说食物浪费导致释放温室气体，所以我们有强烈的动力来减少浪费和帮助环境。）以及最后一段Calvinofferssomepointersonwhattolookfortomakesurearestaurantistrulycommittedtosustainability.（Calvin就如何确保一家餐厅真正致力于可持续发展提供了一些建议。）可知，Calvin认为餐厅应该对食品工业的可持续发展作出贡献。故选A。本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，主要介绍了世界各地的餐饮业在减少食物垃圾方面为食品业的可持续发展所做出的努力。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。12〜15.【答案】B、C、A、A［解析］（1）B.细节理解题。根据文章第二段It'slongbeenacknowledgedthatstudentsfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsareunder-representedinscience,technology,engineeringandmalhemalicscareers.（长期以来，人们一直认为，来自弱势背景的学生在科学、技术、工程和数学领域的代表性不足。）可知人们通常认为一些弱势背景的学生对科学的参与度不够。故选B项。C.细节理解题。根据文章第三段Theseinitialfindingssuggestthatattemptstoincreasescienceparticipationamongyoungpeopleshouldnotsimplypromotethesubjectas"fun"or^interesting11.Instead,greaterimpactcouldbeachievedbydemonstratingclearlyhowsciencecanopenpossiblefuturecareeropportunities.（这些初步发现表明，增加年轻人的科学参与的尝试不应该简单地将这一主题推广为”令人愉快的“或“有趣的“。相反，通过清楚地展示科学如何打开未来可能的职业机会，可以获得更大的影响。）可知PIER项目将注意力更多地放在去展示科学的潜在价值上。故选C项。A.推理判断题。根据文章第四段Manyofthepupilstakingpartinthestudyunderstoodthatstudyingsciencecouldbeusefulbutfewcouldexplainwhy,suggestinganeedforgreatereducationaboutSTEMcareers.Aswellasbroadeningourunderstandingoftheissue,thePIERprojectissolvingtheproblemheadon.Theteamhascarriedoutavarietyofactivitieseachyearfbrtheparticipants,including"meetthescientists*'events,tripstoUCLan'sAlstonObservatoryaswellasfamilyscienceeventsatschool.（许多参与这项研究的学生理解学习科学可能很有用，但很少有人能解释为什么，这表明需要对STEM职业进行更多的教育。除了扩大我们对这个问题的理解外，PIER项目也在正面解决这个问题。该团队每年为参与者开展各种活动，包括”与科学家见面”活动、前往乌克兰的奥尔斯顿天文台以及在学校举办的家庭科学活动。）可知这支团队举办各种活动的目的是为了提高学生对STEM职业的理解。故选A项。（4）A.标题归纳题。根据文章第一段TheScienceandTechnologyFacilitiesCouncil（STFC）andUniversityofCentralLanca-shire（UCLan）sharefindingsofaprojecttoimprovestudentengagementwithscience,technology.engineeringandmathematics（STEM）.（科学和技术设施委员会和中央兰卡郡大学分享了一个项目的发现，以提高学生对科学、技术、工程和数学（stem）的参与度。）以及最后一段"Muchgovernmentpolicytowardsboostingscienceinhighereducationfocusesonanassumedlackofinterestanddesireinlow-socioeconomicgroups."However,theenthusiasmisalreadythereandthis"hiddenscienceidentity"needstoberevealedandtranslatedintoreal-lifeprospectsfortheseyoungpeople.We'rerecommendingthatprogramsinsteadallowyoungpeopletoexploretheirscienceidentitymorefullyandprovideinnovativewaystodiscoverthejobsthatstudyingsciencemayleadto.（"政府促进高等教育科学的政策都集中在低社会经济群体兴趣和欲望的缺乏上。"然而，这种热情已经存在，这种”隐藏的科学身份”需要被揭示出来，并转化为这些年轻人的现实生活前景。我们建议这个项目让年轻人更充分地探索他们的科学身份，并提供创新的方式来发现研究科学可能带来的工作。）以及其他三段的主要内容可知文章主要是在围绕着PIER项目如何帮助贫穷的学生更多地从事科学活动展开的。A项”PIER项目帮助贫困学生从事科学研究"可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了帮助来自贫穷地区学生更多参与对科学、技术、工程和数学的参与度而展开的ThePIER项目。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。16~20.【答案】A、E、D、F、G［解析］（1）A.细节理解题。上文I'mastudentattheCollegeofVisualandPerformingArtswherewecreateallkindsofarteveryday.（我是一名视觉与表演艺术学院的学生，每天都在创作各种各样的艺术作品）以及下文ButIdon'tthinkthosepeopletrulyknowthedifficultiesandstrugglesintheprocessofmakingart.（但是我认为那些人并不是真正了解艺术创作过程中的艰辛。）说明中间设空处需要填一个意思与其相反相对的表达。A项"Outsidersthinkourjobseasy（外人认为我们的工作很容易。）恰好与之对应，下文的thosepeople指代A项中的Outsiders,下文的difficult也与A项中的easy对应。故选A项。E.推理判断题。上文Firstofall,weneedtobeinspired.Youmaythinkthat'seasy.Infact,anythingcanserveasaconceptofaworkofart（.我们需要灵感。你可能认为这很容易。事实上，任何东西都可以作为艺术作品的概念。）提到了艺术创作需要灵感，而任何东西都可以作为艺术作品的概念，这是容易的部分。而下文Sometimeswewillneedpeople,volunteers,bodiestodosoandfindingwillingpeopletoworkishard（｛有时我们需要人、志愿者、人模来做这些，而找到愿意做这些工作的人很难。）提到很难找到愿意做这些工作的人，属于艺术创作工作中难的部分。因此中间需要有过度，E项"Thehardpartcomeswhenweputourideasintoreality（我们要把想法变为实际时，困难就来了。）”恰好能把上下文衔接起来。故选E项。D.段落大意题。本题设空处位于段首，根据下文Weneedaspacetobeabletobecreativeandthatcanbetrickytoacquire.Sometimesweneedartsuppliesorcertainequipmentandcostumesandthatcancostmoney.Evenifwedoacquirewhatweneed,visionschangeandmistakeshappensowemightnotendupusingtheresources.（我们需要——个能够发挥仓U造力的空间，而这很难获得。有时我们需要一些艺术用品或某些设备和服装，这需要花钱。即使我们获得了我们需要的东西，我们的想法会发生变化，错误也会随之出现，所以我们可能最终不会使用这些资源。）可知，整段内容都在讲艺术创作需要用到的资源，故段首句需要含括整段内容。结合选项可知，D项"Resourcesarealsoahugefactorinmakingart.（资源也是艺术创作的一个重要因素。）"一方面能概括整段内容，另一方面also与第二段的firstofall对应。故选D项。F.推理判断题。上文Theprocesscantakeweeks,months,andevenyearstobefullyrealized.Oncecompleted,weneedtoshareitandfindanaudienceandprovideanenvironmenttodisplayourwork.（这个过程可能需要几周、几个月、甚至几年的时间才能完全实现。一旦完成，我们需要分享它，找个观众，并提供一个环境来展示我们的作品。）提到了作品完成后会做的事情；下文Whatifnobodylikeswhatwecreated?Whatifourvisionisn'twhatwethoughtthoughcompleted?（如果没有人喜欢我们创造的东西怎么办？如果我们的想法并不如我们所想的那样完成了呢？）是对完成作品后可能出现问题的假设，且都是一些消极的想法，F项"Andthenegativethoughtslovetooverpowerourminds.（我们的大脑里总是充斥着各种消极的想法。）”恰好与下文的消极设问对应。故选F项。G.推理判断题。上文Creatingartisanartinitself.ltisrallynotaseasyasmanypeoplethink.（艺术创作本身就是一种艺术。这真的不像许多人想的那么容易。）总结性地提到了艺术创作并不是那么容易的；下文It'showweexpressourselvesandhowwecommunicatewiththerestoftheworld.（它是我们表达自我的方式，也是我们与世界交流的方式。）总结了艺术创作对从事艺术的人的意义，故中间同样需要一句总结性的话语，表明艺术仓作的不易。G项"Ittakestime,patienceandspacewhenthingsdon'tgoasexpected.（当事情不像预期那样发展时，需要时间、耐心和空间。）"恰好总结了前面几段的内容，符合文意。故选G项。这是一篇议论文。文章开篇提出很多人认为艺术创作的工作很简单，但作者认为这些外行人士不懂艺术创作的艰难之处，并从艺术创作的灵感、资源、时间等方面论述艺术创作工作的不易，最后总结出艺术创作本身就是一件艺术，需要耐心、时间、空间。关于选句填空的做题步骤：步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五：区分相似项。21〜40.【答案】D、C、B、A、C、A、B\D、B、A、D、B、D、A、C、C、A、B、D、C【解析】(1)D.考查动词及语境理解。A.greeted打招呼;B.persuaded劝服；C.moved移动；D.impressed影响，留下印象。句意：自2013年首届"未来女性奖"以来，许多年轻企业家、社会变革者和领袖给我们的评委留下了深刻印象。根据上文"SincethefirstWomenoftheFutureAwardsin2013,"可知，许多年轻企业家、社会变革者和领袖给评委留下了深刻印象。故选D。C.考查副词及语境理解。A.hardly几乎不：B.temporarily临时地：C.particularly尤其：D.randomly任意地。句意：从撼动整个行业-尤其是男性主导的科技世界-到为贫困儿童的日常生活做出真正的贡献，"未来女性”的校友是一群让我们感到自豪的澳大利亚人。根据下文"themale-dominatedworldoftechnology"可知，尤其撼动男性主导的科技世界。故选C。B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.brave勇敢的；B.poor贫穷的；C.smart聪明的；D.polite礼貌的。句意：从撼动整个行业-尤其是男性主导的科技世界-到为贫困儿童的日常生活做出真正的贡献，"未来女性”的校友是一群让我们感到自豪的澳大利亚人。根据上文"tomakingarealcontributionintheday-to-daylives”及下文可知，"未来女性奖”的获奖者是为贫困儿童作出贡献。故选B。A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.proud骄傲的；B.calm镇静的；C.confused困惑的；D.thrilled激动的。句意：从撼动整个行业-尤其是男性主导的科技世界-到为贫困儿童的日常生活做出真正的贡献，"未来女性"的校友是一群让我们感到自豪的澳大利亚人。根据上文"Fromshakingwholeindustries-(2)themale-dominatedworldoftechnology-tomakingarealcontributionintheday-to-daylivesof(3)children,"可知，能够做出贡献，当然让人骄傲。故选A。C.考查动词及语境理解。A.organized组织；B.passed通过；C.won赢得；D.offered提供。句意：现年34岁的AnnabelleChauncyOAM获得了2014年的”人民选择奖”，她和她的非营利组织"SchoolforLife”在乌干达进行