北师语言学真题回忆版精编版

最新资料推荐最新资料推荐年以前考试04年语言学试卷1.Definethefollowingterms:20pointslangueparoleallophonesemanticfieldcohesion.TrytoidentifythepossibleparadigmaticrelationbetweenanyitemsinthefollowingpoembyLuXun10points岂有豪情似旧时？花开花落两由之。何期泪洒江南雨，又为斯民哭健儿！.Givesomelexicalitemstoillustratesocialdialects.Trytoexplaintheirconnotations.20points.WhatcanthisrulemeaninEnglishgrammar?10points{D}-—[-id]/[t]—-.Definethefollowingsoundsintermsofarticulatoryfeatures10points.TrytotellsomeofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesenominalconstructions.Supplysomeexamples.10points.Wecanusethepattern"itis"toemphasizeanypartofasentenceexceptthepredicate.Whatcanwedoifwemustemphasizeit?Pleasegiveexamplestohighlightyouremphasisofanypartofthissentence:15pointsIboughtabookinthecityyesterday..Trytodiscussasmanyaspossiblethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.15points.Observethefollowingsentences:老王找到老张，才找到他的儿子。老王找到老张，才找到他自己的儿子。老王找到老张，才找到自己的儿子。老王找到老张，才找到儿子。Whichsentenceisclearinitsmeaning?Whichoneisunclear?Trytoexplainwhy.PointoutsomefeaturesoftheChineselanguage.10points.Discussthefollowing2sentences,andtellwhywecanassigndifferentvaluestotheyearoffifteen:10pointsSheisalreadyfifteen,andyetsheiscryingoversuchasmallthing.Shehasdoneitverywell;Sheisonlyfifteen,youknow..Whatcanlinguisticsdoforlanguagelearningandteaching?(10points).DeterminerPhrase(DP)isthenamenewlygiventotheNPingenerativegrammar.ADPcanbeaformlike1)abook;2)thebook;3)books;4)thebook.ThisnamemaybebetterthantheoldnameofNPinthatitremindsusofsthwhenwe(Chinesespeakers)learnorteachEnglish.Doyouagreetothis?Trytotellanythingsignificanthere.(10points)09年语言学试题.definethefollowingphonemes..解释下面的概念。共6个，任选4个。sememeimageschemaendocentricconstruction；cohortmodel;displacementfunctionoflanguage；foregrounding..最简单的一题。题目给出几个关于lexicalchange的例子。让你写出在语言学中这叫做什么现象。teleprinter+exchangeWTOWorldTradeOrganizationbirdyoungbird—anykindofbirdstumpthepartofatreetrunkleftprotrudingfromtheground-tochallengetemperature后面是这个词的音标注释，课本上有就是loss.phonologicalchange里面的.好像是从下面三个题目中选两个来解释一下functionsofinflectionalmorphemeandderivationalmorpheme.therelevancetheory.和第四题有点混。都是解释给出的题目，从中选择几道。还有一个关于blendingtheory的问题，具体是什么不记得了，这部分实在看不懂。thestrongversionandweakversionofsapir-whorfhypothesis.thesystemic-functionalgrammar.WhentheEnglishmeet,theysay'it'safineday',whileweChinesesay'haveyoueaten'.distinguishthedifferenceinfluencedbysociolinguisticfactors.andgivesomeothermoreexamplesplease..whatislanguagetransfer?whataretherolesplayedbylanguagetranfer?.whatarethecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence.describethreeofthem.usee.g.ifnecesary..definethefollowingterms.summaritiveassessmentandformativeassessmentthebottom-upandtop-downmodelsinteachingreading.howtodevelopprofessionalcompetenceoflanguageteachingforteachers.10年语言学试卷.definethefollowingsound/d//j//i//A//shi/.definethefollowingitemacronymconverseantonymcohesion.givethestructureofSYLLABLE.Whatistask-basedlanguageteaching?givetwoexamplesoftasks.whatis"form-focused"instruction?whyistherearenewedcallsforit?.compareandmakeacontrastaboutthefollowingpairscognitivevariablesvsaffectivevariablescognitivestrategiesvsmeta-cognitivestrategies.tellaboutthemainideaofChomsky'stransformationalgrammar.analysethefollowingdialogueandanswerthequestions"whereisjohn?""hiscarisinfrontofMary'shouse"a.whatistheimplicatureinit?thefeaturesofcommunicationimplicature,tellhowcanwecancelltheimplicatureintheabovedialogue.whatismulti-intelligence?telltheimplicationitgivestothepracticalsecondlanguagelearningandteaching.somepeoplethinklearner'scompetenceofnativelanguageproficiencydeteminesorinfluencehisorhersecondlanguageloearning.doyouagree?川ustrateyourreasonstelltherelationshipbetweenSTEM,AFFIXandROOTwithexampleswhataredescriptiveandprescriptivemethodologyoflinguisticswhatisgrammarawareness?howtoimprovetheabilityofit?11年语言学试卷l.definethefollowingterms(5*5=25points)(1)displacementoflanguage(2)DistinctivefeatureinphonologycognitivemetaphorforegroundtheoryinliteraturePhraseStructureGrammerinTG2.Compareandcontrastthefollowingpairsoftermsinthefieldoflanguagelearningandteaching(3*5=15points).(1)"top-down"processand"bottom-up"process(2)"extroversion"and"introversion";(3)"contentvalidity"and"construstvalidity"intesting;3.Answerthefollowingquestionbriefly(2*10=20points)(1)WhatthemainideaofSapir-WhorfHypothesis?Doyouagreeornot?(2)Howdoyouunderstandthecohesionandcoherenceofatext?4.WhatisAcculturationTheory?Whatimplicationsdoesthistheoryhaveforthepraticeoflanguageteachingandlearning?(10points5.WhatarecognitivevariablesInwhatwaysdocognitivevariablesfacilitateorconstrainlanguageacquistion?(10points)6.StatetheCooperativePrincipleandthefourmaximsputforwardbyGrice.whatdidSperberandWilisonaimtodevelopfromGriceintheRelevancetheory(15points)7.ImagineyouhavejustobservedanEnglishlesson.whatcriteriawouldyouliketousetoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthelesson?Listatleast5itemsandgiveyourreasons(10points)8.IllustratewithexampleswhatFunctionalGrammarinsystemicFunctionalLinguisticis.(15points)9.Somepeopleclaimthatalearner'scompetenceofhisnativelanguageproficiencywilldetermine,orinfluence,hisorhersecondlanguagelearning.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Giveyourreasonforargument.(15points)10."Wantingtolearnismoreimportantthanhavingtolearn”.Howdoyouunderstandthisstatement?HowdoyouapplyitintheEnglishclass?(15points)12年语言学试卷1.Whatisassimilationvelarization,nasalization,dentalization2.Sixtypesofnounpluralityandlisttheminphonemicdescription(/z/,/s/,/iz/.The6propertiesofsentencesubjectciteexamples.Whatisreferentialtheory.Tellaboutitsdrawbacks.List5typesofimageschema,citeexamples.Explainwhyitisimportant.Waysofspeechandthoughtrepresentation.Linguisticcorpus,howitappliesin(1)Speechresearch(2)Lexicalresearch(3)semanticsresearch(4)sociologicalresearch(5)psychologicalresearch.WhataretheRelationalProcessofthetransitivityoftheSystemic-FunctionalGrammar.Explainandcommenton“wheninRomedoastheRomansdo","Putyourselfinothershoes","Oneculture'smeatisanotherculture'spoison".conversationalimplicatureonviolationofGricefourmaximsandciteexamples"compareandcontrast(1)Extrinsicmotivationandintrinsicmotivation"(2)Itemfacilityanditemdiscriminationintesting'(3)Quantitativeresearchandqualitativeresearch.Whatisportfolioassessment,howtodoaportfolioassessmentandwhatisitsimportance.Explaininterlanguagetheoryandwhatwecanlearnfromit..Task-basedapproachinteachingandexpla由1)taskdesign(2)teachers'role(3)students'role.aboutwaysforcontinuedinvestigationbyteachers13年语言学试卷1.Definition(4'*5=20')Sapir-WhorfHypothesis,foregrounding,t-unit,curriculumdevelopmentt(orsyllabusdesign),contentvalidity.describephonesaccordingtomannerofarticulation(题目已给出具体分类)andplaceofarticulation(已给出具体分类),voiced/voiceless.12个音，共5分.functionsofderivationalandinflectionalmorphemes,giveexamples(10').cantheobjectsinthefollowingsentencesbecalledobjectsinrealsense?(1)Johnhuntedatiger(2)Johnbuiltahouse(3)Johnclimbedamountain(4)JohnlikesMary(5)Johnsmiledasadsmile(6)Jplementaryantonym矫口converseantonymsAlive:deadhusband:wifepresenrt:absentbelove:aboveBefeore:afterempolyer:employeeseller:buyer.whatisconstrualincognitivelinguistics?howmanytypesofconstrualweusuallyhave?explainandgiveexamples.(ATTENTION;JUDEJEMANT;PERSPECTIVE*。'.areperformativeandconstativeverbsproposedbyAustinfirstfinallyjudgedacceptableandunacceptable?why.similaritiesanddifferencesbetweerBritishFunctionalAnthropologyrepesentedbyMalinowskiandAmerianAnthropologyrepresentedbyBoasandSmonalitiesanddifferencesbetweeninterpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunctionandphaticcommunion10.whatissamplinginobservationalclass?giveexamplestoillustrateII.Halliday'sviewinthelanguagedevelopmentismeaningpotentiaJ(:概是这样)whatisyourunderstandingofthisview?whatistheimplicationsforsecondlanguagelearningandteaching?12.StephenKrashen'sInputHypothesisandimplicationsforlearninglanguage13.underlyingtheoriesofCommunicativeApproachtolanguagelearningandmaindimensionsofcommunicativecompetence.14年语言学试卷I.Definition(1)descriptive&prescriptive(2)presupposition&entailment(3)metonymy&metaphor(4)discrete-pointtest&integrativetest(5)bilingualism&diglossia(6)teachingmethod&teachingmethodologyWhatisarbitrariness?Whatisiconity?Howtheyarerelated?Whatdoyouthinkaboutthearbitrarinessandiconity?Explainthewordformationofthefollowingfivewords:a.Cokeb.brunchc.busd.edite.tofuWhatisassimilationinphonology?Giveatleastthreecategoriesofassimilation.ThecooperativeprinciplesandmaximsHaveyoueverseenjohn?-no,ifIdenynotseeinghim,IwouldnottellalieWhatdoyoubuy?—justsomestuffs.Whatdoyouwant?—notc-h-o-c-o-l-a-t-e.Johnisabadbag—itisreallyaniceday.Thedifferencebetweentransformational-generativegrammarandsystemic-functionalgrammar.Howdoyouunderstandtheempiricismview,theprominenceviewandtheattentionviewofcognitivelinguistics（15分）Useexamplestoexplainthefactorsaffectthelisteningtask,makecommentaboutit（15'）Definetheactionresearchandhowitishelpfulinclass（15分）Explainthegenre-basedapproachinwriting.（20分）基础英语10年基础英语试卷第一大题，语法，二十五分。1。给了一段话，动词时态填空，一共十个。关于美国总统离职的演讲。十分。.给出四个报纸的新闻标题，从这四个标题中概括出共同的语法特征。十分。.给出一个长句（两行，四个分句），分析它的grammaticalfeatures。五分。第二大题，词汇，二十五分。.给出十五句话，每句话挖出一个单词，留下首字母，让填出这个单词。每句后面的括号里有对这句话的解释。每题一分。格式：a（解释）.给出WordBank的完形填空。关于各种鸟筑巢的说明文。一共二十个空，每空零点五分。第三大题，阅读，五十分。Passage1关于对人脑的生物实验。段落大意连线，一共就三段，但给出了五六个备选项。六分。Passage2关于美国对安乐死的争议。五个选择题。十分。Passage3关于文学史上著名作家对简奥斯汀的评价。五个问答题，每个题用十个以内的词回答。十分。Passage4关于温室效应的最新研究。这段文章比较长，一页多。三个小题。第一小题，给出五六句话，问这些观点在文中是：Yes/No/Doesn'tsay第二小题，三个选择题。第三小题，用一百词左右总结一下作者的观点。第四大题，翻译，五十分。汉译英：关于中国和法国名片的使用，不长，也就七八行的样子。二十五分。英译汉：关于教学法，应当让学习与生活密切结合，文章比较长，有点难，长旬很多。二十五分。11年基础英语试卷第一题完型填空好像20个空，没有选项，但都比较简单。内容是讲学外语可以防止老年痴呆。第二题选总结句一篇文章，描写嘎纳电影节后，常在非洲一个偏僻小国举行的一个一周左右的庆典。每个自然段都要选出一个概括该自然段主要内容的句子。选项已给出，其中好像有两个干扰项。比较简单。第三题选段填空从文中摘出来n个自然段，打乱顺序，然你填进去，有一个干扰项。虽然有承上启下的句子但还是比较难抉择。文章讲的是universityresearch的不可靠性，作者主张不要听信任何科学研究，要有自己的判断。第四题阅读W川iamGolding的thinkingasahobby,跟《现代大学英语》上的第一篇文章内容几乎一样，只不过课本把爱因斯坦那端给删了，而考题把老师和女友那些段落给删了！！本阅读只有2个问题，一个让你说3种不同层次的thinker是怎样的，并自己举例人物andgiveyourreasons.第二个让你elaborate文章的最后两段，具体大家看课本就可以了，就是课本的那最后两段。第五题英译中谈校园的种族隔离与立法间的关系。该题只挑出了几句划线的让翻译，就像普通的考研英语统考题型一样。比较简单。第五题作文（40分！）要求写400-500字的作文。说说你对现在人们encourageyoungpeopletoachievegreatthings,告诉他们努力拼搏没有办不到的，其实这种做法会有潜在harm等等，你同意或者反对？12年基础英语试卷一，完形填空20分不给出词语关于女人比男人更容易sufferfromthedespression.二，选择从给出的A〜G的标题中给下文阅读的各段落选合适的标题，有一个选项是多余的，是关于rainforest三，选择段落A〜F是从原文中挪出的，从中选择合适的段落放在文中空出的地方，有一个选项是多余的，关于做梦的。四，阅读文章回答两个问题24分内容是关于testinChinna一个美国家长写的，Q1：文中有句话是“lifeisfilledwithallkindsoftestssomeyouaceandsomeyouflant（这个单词t己不准了，大概意思是fail或者notgood）tosomeextentyouhavetogetusedtoit"问whatdoestheauthormean?doyouagree?why?Q2:文中又提到奥巴马的racetothetop有的专家支持有的教育专家反对moretests,问他们的arguments是那些？你赞同那一个group的观点？why?五，翻译30分英译汉是一篇关于humanrelationorman-management的文章中间有五个划线部分的句子，翻译成汉语。里面没什么难的词汇不太难六，作文40分先给出一个position:thedevelopingoftechnologycausesthelostoftraditionnalculture.technologydevelopmentandtraditionalcultureisincompatibleyoucannotgetbothtogether.你是否同意thisposition?why?据此写个400〜500字的文早。13年基础英语试卷第一题，无选项填空，20空20分关于chronicanger的，从网上找到了这篇文章，只能想起这几个空了。嗨〜〜ThepsychoanalystKarenHorneytheorizedthatvictimsofchronicangermaynothavehadtheiremotionalneedsmetininfancyandtoddlerhood.Thisledthemtosufferfromanunderlyingconditioncalledbasicanxiety,theunverbalizedimpressionthattheworldisunsafeandthreatening.Onewayanadultcandefendagainstbasicanxietyisbyrepressingitandconvertingittoanger.Threatsareanticipatedanddealtwithwhiletheyarestillfarawayonthepsychologi