教学课件3（第4课时）：Working the land

第四学时Grammar动名词作主语和宾语

一、动名词作主语

(1)主语

Usingtherighthandtoshakehandsisaconventioninmanycountries.用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。(2)动名词在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。如：Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。

Itisnouseyourcomplaining;thecompanywon’tdoanythingaboutit.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。(3)动名词在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile+doing”结构中作主语。如：Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。Itisuselessspeaking.光说是没有用的。(4)动名词在“Thereis(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。如：Thereisnodenyingthatsheisveryefficient.她效率高是不容否认的。Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.他要做什么一点消息都没有。二、动名词作宾语

(1)有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有：①习惯上只接动名词的动词:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,revent,finish,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest,keep,forbid,advise,allow.can’tstand,can’thelp,beworth,如：Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow?你承认不承认打破了窗户？Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你是否介意把收音机关小点声？Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.松鼠很幸运没有被逮住。②后接doing的词组：prefer...to,beusedto,leadto,devoteoneselfto,stickto,lookforwardto,can’thelp,betiredof,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff,insiston,besuccessfulin,begoodat,burstout,prevent...from,如：Heputoffmakingadecisiontillhehadmoreinformation.在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.我们期待着来中国。③可接不定式和动名词作宾语且含义基本相同的动词：like,love,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,intend④可接不定式和动名词作宾语且含义不同的动词：remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,goon(2)在介词后接动名词作宾语。如：Wesucceededingettingoverallthedifficulties.我们终于克服了所有的困难。(3)在下列结构中：havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+动名词。Thereisnopoint(in)+动名词，做某事没意义。这些结构中动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。如：Thereisnopoint(in)makingthesimpleexperimentsonceagain.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。(4)在复合宾语中，用it作形式宾语，将动名词短语放在后面。如：Iconsideritawasteoftimearguingaboutit.我认为辩论这事是很浪费时间的。三、动名词的被动式(1)动词need,require,want,deserve后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。如：Thewatchneedsrepairing.=Thewatchneedstoberepaired.这块表需要修理。Theproblemdeservesthinkingabout.=Theproblemdeservestobethoughtabout.这个问题值得考虑。(2)在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动语态来表示被动意义。如：Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.他的提议值得考虑。典例剖析易错点：1.下面短语中的to是介词，后面只能跟名词或动名词：devoteoneself/one’stime,energy,etc.to(投入……)，getdownto(着手干……)，leadto(通向，导致)，objectto(反对)，payattentionto(注意)，lookforwardto(盼望)，beusedto(习惯于)，stickto(坚持)等。〔误〕Hiswholefamilyobjectedtohisgiveupthejob.〔正〕Hiswholefamilyobjectedtohisgivingupthejob.2.下列动词后只能跟不定式：afford,agree,ask,attempt,choose,decide,hope,expect,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等。〔误〕Heofferedhelpingme.〔正〕Heofferedtohelpme.3.下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词admit(承认)，appreciate,avoid,can’thelp(禁不住)，can’tstand(不能忍受)，consider(考虑，打算)，enjoy,escape(躲避)，excuse,finish,giveup,imagine,insiston,mind,miss（错过）,practise,putoff,risk,setabout,suggest(建议)等。〔误〕Headmittedtobreakthewindow.〔正〕Headmittedbreakingthewindow.4.下列动词后既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同：

forgettodo(忘记了要做什么)

forgetdoing(忘了做过的事情)

regrettodo(指当时或现在遗憾地做什么)

regretdoing(后悔做了什么事情)

trytodo(试图做)

trydoing(尝试做)

stopdoing(停止做)

stoptodo(停下来去做另一件事情)

meantodo(打算做)

meandoing(意味着)

goontodo(继续去做另一件事情)

goondoing(继续做同一件事情)

〔误〕Heregrettedtohurthisbestfriend.

〔正〕Heregrettedhurtinghisbestfriend.

〔析〕表示“后悔干过……”，regret后跟动名词。

一、单项选择1．（2012年福建卷）Pressedfromhisparentsandthathehaswastedtoomuchtime，theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.（）A.RealizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized解析:分析句子结构可判断，and在句中连接了两个并列的表示原因的状语，即Pressedfromhisparents和

thathehaswastedtoomuchtime，它们的逻辑主语都是句子的主语theboy,而theboy和realize之间构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，故用realize的现在分词形式作状语，表示原因。B项为被动形式；C项为动词不定式，表示动作还未发生；D项为现在分词的被动式，表示被动，均不符合句意。

A2．Idon'tallow

inmydrawingroom.Idon'tallowmyfamily

atall.A．smoking；tosmokeB．tosmoke；smokingC．tosmoke；tosmokeD．smoking；smoking解析:

allow要用动名词做宾语，用动词不定式作宾语补足语。

答案：A

3.（2012年陕西卷）

inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.()A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand

解析：句意：为了买新一代iPad，我们站在长长的队伍里，等待着商店开门。两部分之间由逗号分隔，后一部分为句子，且前后没有连词连接，所以此处填非谓语形式；另外，句子主语we发出stand这一动作，即we与stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且stand伴随谓语waited发生，所以用现在分词形式。A4．—What’smadeRuthsoupset?—________threeticketstothefolkmusicconcert.()A．LostB．LosingC．BecauseoflosingD．SinceshelostB5．Articlesusedbypatientsmustbedisinfectedbefore

others.A．usingB．beingusedbyC．usedbyD．beingusing解析:before是介词，后面用动名词；本题要用被动形式。答案：B

6．Theythoughtthereisnotrouble________theirfavoritebrandfromotherbrands.()A．totellB．tellingC．tellD．toldB7．Somebirdsfinallyreachhomebyaccidentally________landmarkswhichtheyrecognize.()A．tocomeacrossB．comingaroundC．comingacrossD．tocomearound解析:by是介词,后接动名词；comeacross是“偶然遇见”的意思。

答案：C

8．Iapologizefor________mypromise.()A．nothavingkeptB．beingkeptC．nottohavekeptD．havingnotkeptA解析：介词for后面用动名词的完成式。9．Alargeglassofwaterbeforeyoueatmayhelp________tooexcitedbeforedeliciousfoods.()A．tokeepyoufromgettingB．tocarryyoufromgettingC．topreventyoutogetD．tostopyoutogetA10．________forschoolonceinawhileoftenmakesMr.Smithangry.A．TombeinglateB．TomtobelateC．ForTombeinglateD．Tom'sbeinglate解析:Tom’sbeinglateforschool是动名词的复合结构作主语。

答案：D

二、用所给动词的正确形式完成句子1．Thebirdwasluckyanditjustmissed_____.(catch)2．________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothmenandwomen.3．—WhatmakesJanesoupset?—________(lose)theringherhusbandboughtforherbirthday.1.解析:miss后只能接动名词,“小鸟躲过被捕捉的命运”,用beingcaught。

答案：beingcaught

2.Walking

3.Losing

4．Doyouthinkitofanyuse________(argue)withhimanymore?Wearewastingourtime________(try)topersuadehimtogiveuptheidea.5．________(find)ajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeenbeyondhisdream.6．—Maybeyou'veforgotten_________(post)myletter.—HowcouldI?Iremember________(put)theletterintotheletterbox.4.arguing;trying

5.Finding

6.解析:forgettodosth.忘记做某事；rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事。

答案：topost,putting

三、语法填空Iusedtoliketogotoourlocalcinema.Itwasoldandratheruncomfortable，butithadcharacter.Nowthey'vestopped1.____(show)filmsthere.Theownerwouldliketogoon2.____(run)thecinema，buthewouldneedtomakealotofimprovements，whichwouldmean3.____(spend)tensofthousandsofpounds.Iremember4.____(watch)thelastfilmatthecinema.Itwasamurdermystery.Itwasfiveminutesfromtheend，andweweretrying5.____(work)outwhothemurdererwaswhensuddenlyallthelightswentoutandthefilmstopped.Wesatinthedarkforafewminutes，andthentheownerappearedwithatorch.“Iregret6.____(tell)you.”hesaid，“thatourelectricityhasfailed.Idon'tmean7.____(disappoint)you，butI'mafraidwecan'tshowyoutheendofthefilm.We'vetried8.____(phone)theelectricitycompany，buttheysaytheycan'thelp.”

Hewenton9.____(explain)totheaudiencehowthefilmended.Ididn'tunderstandthestory.ButIdon'tregret10.____(go)tothecinemaonthatlastevening.1.showing

2.解析:goondoingsth.继续做某事。

答案：running

3.spending4.watching

5.解析:trytodosth.努力做某事。

答案：towork

6.totell

7.解析:meantodosth.企图做某事,meantodisappointyou故意让你失望。

答案：todisappoint

8.phoning9.toexplain

10.解析:regretdoingsth.因做了某事而后悔。

答案：going

四、语篇填空用所给动词的适当形式填空。Freudwasoneofthefirstscientists1.________(make)seriousresearch