高考英语中的省略

高考中的省略在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：一、简单句中的省略

1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语，如：Whatahotday

!

Howwonderful!2）在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分，如：Anythingelse?

—Areyoufeelingbetternow?—Muchbetter.

Thisway,

please.二、并列句中的省略

1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分如：JohnmusthavebeenplayingbasketballandMarydoingherhomework.2）主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略，如：HisadvicemadeJohnhappy,butMaryangry.

3）主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语，如：Hegaveupdrinkingforseveraldays,butsoonreturnedtohisoldways.

三、复合句中的省略

I）名词性从句中的省略（1）宾语从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则宾语从句中可以省略谓语，甚至主语，如：Someonehasusedmybike,butIdon'tknowwho.Hehasgone,butnooneknowswhere.

（2）引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略，但第二个that不能省如:Hesaidhehadarrivedheretwodaysbeforeandthathehadlivedinahotel.（3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词：一个坚持(insist)，二个命令(order,command)，三建议(suggest,propose,advise)，四要求(demand,require,request,ask)，如：Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.(4)Itisnecessary(important,impossible,strange,natural,apity,nowonder)that...主语从句中，如:Itisnecessarythattheproblembesolvedatonce.It'simportantthathespeaktotheoldpolitely.

II）定语从句中的省略

（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that,which,who(whom)常可以省略，如：ThemanIsawiscalledTom.

WhereisthepenIboughtthismorning?（2）关系副词when,where,why及that在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy,thewaythat结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when,where,why和that等，如：Ishallneverforgetthedaywefirstmet.

Thereasonhecamesoearlyishisownaffair.

III）状语从句中的省略（1）当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，如：Hedidastold.

Thoughtired,theywentonworking.

Youshouldn'tcometohispartyunlessinvited.Hepausedasifexpectinghertospeak.(2)虚拟条件句中,含助动词,情态动词,动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则需省略if，如:Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittillnextweek.

（3）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略，如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.四、动词不定式中的省略

1）有些动词，如：believe,find,think,feel,consider,imagine,prove等后作宾补的结构tobe+n./adj.中的tobe可以省略，如：Iconsiderhimstupid.

Hismotherfoundhimacleverboy.

2）感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice等以及使役动词let,make,have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留，如：Theymadetheboygotobedearly.Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.

3)动词不定式在like,love，care，want，hope，wish，expect，prefer，refuse，decide,mean,intend,try，promis，ask，warn，tell，advise，allow，permit,invite,

persuade,order,

wouldlike,

forbid等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复,常省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to1)Shewantstocome，butherparentswon‘tallowherto．

2)Don’ttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto．3)You‘dbetterthisworkifyouareaskedto．

4)Hedidn'tcome,thoughwehadinvitedhimto.5)Ihaveaskedhertocome，butshedoesnotwantto．

6)

---AreyouandJanegettingmarried？---Wehopeto．注意：want，like用在when，if,what，as引导的从句中，其后的to也常可省略，如：I'vedecidedtodowhatIlike．

I'llteachyouifyoulike．

4）在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,

donothingbut...,

can‘thelpbut...,

prefertodo

ratherthando....,

woulddo...ratherthan...之后的动词不定式一般不带to；如Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.

but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do,does,did,done而且其宾语是something，nothing，anything和everything等不定代词时，也不带to,否则要带to，如：Wehavenothingtodonowbutwait.

Hehasnochoicebuttoacceptthefact.

5）在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略，如：I‘mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略，如：Icamenottoscoldbuttopraiseyou.6）在why,whynot引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式，如：Whytalksomuchaboutit?

Whynottryitagain?

7）动词不定式与beableto，begoingto，haveto，oughtto，usedto等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留不定式符号to，如Idon’twanttowaitforhim，butlhaveto．

Hedoesn’tlikefish，butheusedto．---Whydidn’tyoucometoourparty？---Iwasgoingto，butlhadareporttowrite．

---Willyoujoinmeinawalk？---I‘llbehappyto．

Ithinkheshouldgetajob，butyoucan’tforcehimtoifhe‘snotreadyto.注：如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have，如：---Areyouadoctor?---No,butIusedtobe.五、某些词法上的省略

1.名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略

1）如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略，如：TheseareJohn'sbooksandthoseareMary's.

2）名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如：atthedoctor's在诊所，atMr.Green's，tomyuncle's

，atthebarber's.

2.冠词的省略1）在thenextday(morning,week,year...)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the常可以省略，如：Wewenttothefarmtohelpthefarmerswiththeharvest(the)nextday.

2）在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略，如：Shesingsbestintheclass.

3）在某些独立主格结构中，如：

Ourteachercamein,bookinhand.

Ourteachercamein,withabookinhishand.

3.介词的省略1）both后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，如Both(of)thefilmswereinteresting.但接代词宾格时，of不能省略，如：

Sheinvitedbothofustoherbirthdayparty.

2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略，如：Theyhavelasted(for)alongtime.

六、替代性省略1）在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think,suppose,expect,believe，guess等后常常和so，not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容，如：---Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?---Isupposenot.2）"So/Nor(Neither)+谓语+主语"这种句型是用来替代前面提到的情况,表明它也适用于后者，如:---Idon'tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.----NeithercanI.Let'sstophereforarest.动词不定式的省略在高考试题中，多次考查或涉及动词不定式省略的知识。请看下面几道高考题1．---I'llbeawayonbusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat？

---Notatall．________.

A．I'venotime

B．I'drathernot

C．I'dlikeit

D.

I'dbehappyto正确答案为D，其后省略了“lookafteryourcat”.

2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet，buthismothertoldhim________.

A．notto

B.nottodo

C．notdoit

D.donotto正确答案为A.此句型为tellsb．nottodosth.，根据英语中不定式省略的习惯，本句只保留不定式符号。

3．---Alice，whydidn‘tyoucomeyesterday？---I________，butIhadanunexpectedvisitor．

A.had

B．would

C．wasgoingto

D．did正确答案为C。此句型为begoingtodosth.，为了避免重复，只保留不定式符号。

4．---Nancyisnotcomingtonight．

---Butshe________.

A．promises

B．promisedC．willpromise

D．hadpromised正确答案为B。此处是句型promisetodosth.，在口语中可以把不定式结构甚至to全部省略。

那么动词不定式究竟在什么情况下可以省略呢？下面就这一问题做一归纳：

l．动词不定式在like,love，care，want，hope，wish，expect，prefer，refuse，

mean，try，promise等动词后作宾语时，常可省略。如：（l）Ihaveaskedhertocome，butshedoesnotwantto.．（2）Youcandoitthiswayifyoucareto．（3）---AreyouandJanegettingmarried？

---Wehopeto．

2．动词不定式在ask，warn，tell，advise，force，wish，expect，allow，permit等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常可省略。如：(1）Shewantstocome，butherparentswon'tallowherto．（2）Don’ttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto．（3）You'dbettergiveaperformanceifcomradesaskyouto／ifyouareaskedto．

3．动词不定式在happy，glad，eager，anxious，willing，ready等形容词后作状语（有的语法家称为宾语）时，常可省略。如：（l）---Willyoujoinmeinawalk？---I‘llbehappyto．（2）Ithinkheshouldgetajob，butyoucan'tforcehimtoifhe'snotreadyto．

4．动词不定式与beableto，begoingto，haveto，oughtto，usedto等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略。如：（l）Idon’twanttowaitforhim，butlhaveto．（2）Hedoesn’tlikefish，butheusedto．（3）---Whydidn’tyoucometoourparty？---Iwasgoingto，butlhadareporttowrite．

5．want，like用在when，if,what，as引导的从句中，其后的to也常可省略。（l）Comewhenyouwant．（2）I‘vedecidedtodowhatIlike．（3）I'llteachyouifyoulike．

Exercise:1.TheteachertellsustospeakEnglishwheneveritispossible.2.Idon’tvisitmyparentsasmuchasIoughttovisitmyparents.3.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwaspainful.4.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.5.Whenitispublishednextyear,thenovelwillsurelybecomeabest-seller.高考能力测试省略与替代

1.(2003春季全国高考题)Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.

A.seeingB.havingC.tohaveseen

D.tosee

2.(2002全国高考题)Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment，________Iwillalwaystreasure.

A.thatB.one

C.it

D.what

3.Ioftenthinkofmychildhood,during________Ilivedonmyuncle’sfarm.

A.which

B.when

C.where

D.who

7.—HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?

—________.

A.Notyet

B.Haven’tC.Yetnot

D.Stillnot

8.—Don’tforgettocometomybirthdayparty.

—________.

A.Idon’t

B.Iwon’tC.Idon’tforget

D.Iwon’tforget

9.—Besuretogetupearliertomorrowmorning.

—________.I’llbeasearlyasabird.

A.OK.Iwill

B.I’mafraid1canC.Ofcoursenot

D.No，Iwill

10.—What’sthematterwithyou?

—Ididn’tpassthetest，but1still________

A.hopeso

B.hopetoC.hopeit

D.hopethat

11.—Isshereallyill?

—________.She’sinhospital.

A.Ihopeso

B.I’msureC.1don’tthinkso

D.I’mafraidso

12.Iamhappyifyou________.

A.happy

B.are

C.will

D.be

14.Don’tcomeinunless________.

A.inviting

B.invitingtoC.invitedto

D.beinginvitedto

17.Hespentmostofhissparetime________novels.

A.toread

B.readingC.toreading

D.forreading

18.Allthegirlwant________dois________stayathomeandstudyhard.

A./；to

B.to；toC.to；/

D.eitherBorC

19.—Whydidyoutakeataxi?

—I________.Iwaslate.

A.haveto

B.havetodoC.hadto

D.hadtodo

20.—Whydidn’tyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday?

—But________，sir.

A.Ididso

B.Ididn’tdoitC.Ididn’tforget

D.Ididdoit

21.Heisveryfamoushere，sowehadnotrouble________himyesterday.

A.tofind

B.findingC.found

D.infounding

22.—Howoftendotheygivetheconcert?

—________.

A.Fortwiceamonth

B.IntwiceamonthC.Twiceamonth

D.Twicemonth

23.Heisnot________hissister，but________.

A.tallerthan；stronger

B.sotallas；strong

C.tallerthan；isstronger

D.astallas;stronger

24.—Youlookhappytoday，Mary.

—IlikemynewdressandMother________，too.

A.likes

B.does

C.is

D.do

25.—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?

—________hernewbicycle.

A.Asshelost

B.LostC.Losing

D.Becauseoflosing

26.—Who’sgotallmymoney?

—He________.

A.does

B.is

C.was

D.has

27.Thechildrenaremade________twelvehoursaday.

A.towork

B.work

C.working

D.worked

28.Weoftenhearhim________Englishsongs.

A.tosing

B.singC.singing

D.tobesinging

29.I’mverybusypreparingfortheexam，soIcan’thelp________thehousework.

A.doing

B.do

C.did

D.done

30.Whatdoctorscandois________people’slife.

A.save

B.saving

C.tosave

D.AorC

31.Although________tostop，hekeptonworking.

A.tell

B.told

C.wastold

D.havingtold

32.Askhimtotakeyouhome________possible.

A.at

B.while

C.if

D.ifthey

33.TheEnglishbookforkidsisthebestofitskind________.

A.thathaseverbeenmade

B.evermade

C.everbeenmade

D.haseverbeenmade

34.—WillSusanwintheNobelPrizethistime?

—Itislikelythatshe________.

A.will

B.does

C.willdo

D.winsit

35.IprefertheclimateofKunmingto________ofWuhan.

A.it

B.one

C.this

D.that

36.—Mr.Blackhasjustarrived.

—Really?________.Hedidn’tacceptourinvitation.

A.Ican’timagineit

B.1don’tthinkso

C.Ihopeso

D.Idon’tbelievehim

37.Theyliveonabusymainroad.________mustbeverynoisy.

A.There

B.It

C.That

D.They

38.Wedon’tgotothecinemaasmuchas________.

A.weusedtogo

B.weusedtodoC.usedto

D.weusedto

39.Canadahasalargeareathan________China.

A.thatof

B.theoneofC.itof

D./

40.________，I’llhavealettersenttoyourcompany.

A.Ifnecessary

B.Ifitwerenecessary

C.AsI’mnecessary

D.Unlessitisnecessary

41.—ShallIinviteMiketomyparty?

—Yes，itwillbeniceifyou________.

A.do

B.doinviteC.are

D.invite

42.—Haveyoubeenherelong?

—________.

A.No，notvery

B.NotmuchC.Yes，onlylittle

D.No，onlyyesterday

43.—Doyoufollowme?

—Yes，________.

A.itisgood

B.IwillC.perfectly

D.verygood

44.Lookoutforcars________thestreet.

A.whencrossed

B.whencrossing

C.ifyoucrossed

D.whileyouarecrossing

45.Sheworkedveryhard________stillratherpoorinhealth.

A.thoughshe

B.althoughsheC.though

D.althoughwas

46.—Isthestampveryunusual?

—________.

A.Yes，verymuch

B.Yes，itissoC.Yes，very

D.Yes，notvery

47.—Canyouclimbthattree，myboy?

—________?

A.I

B.MineC.Myself

D.Me

48.—Willyouwasteyourtimeandmoneyonthat?

—Certainly________.

A.Inot

B.noC.won’t

D.not

49.—Whathappenedtotheboy?He’smakingsomuchnoise.

—Hewantedtoplayfootball，buthismotherwarnedhim________.

A.not

B.toC.notto

D.不填

50.—ShallIwakeyouuptomorrowmorning?

—Yes，________.

A.pleasedo

B.youshallC.youwill

D.youmay

51.Youhavethreechildren，butIhaveonlytwo________.

A.one

B.onesC./

D.child

52.—Marysaidthelecturewasboring.

—Yes，Isaid________.

A.that

B.thisC.thekind

D.thesame

53.—Alice，whydidn’tyoudoitthedaybefore?

—I________，butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.

A.had

B.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.does

54.—Doyouneedanewtietogowithyournewsuit，Mr.Smith?

—No.________.

A.I’mhavingplentyoftiesB.Ihavelotsoftiestodoit

C.IthinkIhaveseveralthatwilldoD.Therearelotsoftiestodoit

55.—Areyouafilmstar?

—________.

A.Yes，Iwas

B.IusedtobeC.Iusedto

D.I’musedto

56.—I’llbeawayonabusinesst