2023学年完整版Unit1GreatscientistsPeriod1Warmingup设计

Unit1GreatscientistsPeriod1Warmingup教学设计TeachingAimsLearnsomethingaboutsomefamousscientistsintheworld.Knowabouttheoutstandingdiscoveries,inventionsandtheoriesfromsomewell-knownscientists.Trytounderstandandlearntheimportantwordsandexpressions.Developthestudents’abilityofspeaking.Encouragethestudentstogivemoreinformationaboutthegreatscientists.Encouragethestudentstolearnmoreaboutthegreatscientistsandlearnfromthem.Helpthestudentstoformthegoodhabitinlearningandencouragethestudentstotakepartinsocialpractice.Helpthestudentstorealizethatitisscientificspiritthatmakesthosescientistssuccessful.Encouragethestudentstodeveloptheirloveforscience.TeachingImportantPointsHavethestudentsdiscussgreatscientists.Encouragethestudentstoholdtheirviewsabouttheirfuturecareer.Understandandlearnthefollowingwordsandexpressions:engine,characteristic,radium,theory,scientific,examine,conclude,analyse,repeat,defeat,attend,expose,cure,control,absorb,severe,valuable,blame,immediately,handle,announce,instruct,virus,construction,contribute,positive,movement,backward,complete,enthusiastic,spin,reject,view,steamengine,putforward,drawaconclusion,inaddition,link...to...,bestrictwith,leadto,makesense,pointofview.TeachingDifficultiesPointsWhatcanwelearnfromthescientists?Whatshouldwedoinourdailylifetodevelopourinterestandloveforscience?TeachingperiodsOneperiodTeachingAidsCAIequipmentwithaMulti-mediaclassroomandothernormalteachingtools.TeachingProcedureStep1GreetingTeacher:Hello,everyone.Teacher:Hello,Mr.../Ms...Step2LeadinT:I’mverygladtoseeyouallhere.Afteralongholiday,allofyoulookenergeticandhappy.Ihopethatwewillworkhardtogetherhappilyallthroughtheyear.Idobelievethatabrightfutureiswaitingforyou.Wearesuretorealizeourdreamsinthenearfuture.Bytheway,I’dliketoknowwhatyouwouldliketobeinthefuture.Letmeshareyourdreams.Anyonewhogivesyourideawillgetastarforyourgroup.Ready?Go!S:IadmireYangLiweiverymuch,whoisagreathonourtoourmotherland.I’dliketobeanastronautlikehim.T:Yeah,thespacecraft,ShenzhouV,orbitedtheearth14timesin21hours,makingChinathethirdcountrytohavesuccessfullysentanastronautintospace.Ihopeyouwillrealizeyourdream.S:Iwanttobeadoctor.IhopeI’llbeanoutstandingoneandbeexpertinfindingcuresfordifferentkindsofcancers.T:That’sagoodidea.Therearesomanypatientswithcancersintheworld,whoaresufferingalot.Thankyou!S:IwanttobeanEnglishteacherlikeyou.Foronething,IlikeEnglishverymuch;foranother,youarenotonlystrictwithusbutalsopatientwithus.Youarejustourfriendsandmaybemorethanourfriendssometimes.T:I’mreallygladtohearthat.It’smygreathonortobeyourfriendsandIlikemyjobverymuch.S:I’dliketobeanexpertinenvironment.Yousee,withthedevelopmentofindustry,ourglobeisseriouslypolluted.Dirtywater,pollutedair,andloudnoisemakeourlivingconditionsworse.Ithinkweshouldleaveabeautifulworldtothenextgeneration.T:Yes,someonepredictedthatthelastdropofwaterintheworldwouldbethetearofhumanbeing’s.Ithinkallofusshouldpayattentiontoourenvironment,andmakeourcontributionstoimprovingtheenvironment.S:I’msointerestedinphysics.AndIhavereadStephenHawking’sABriefHistoryofTimehopeIwillbeascientistlikehim.Asweallknow,thedevelopmentofoursocietywillgohandinhandwiththedevelopmentofscience.T:Yeah,Ican’tagreewithyoumore.Scienceplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofoursociety.Therearesomanyexamplesinthehistoryofhumanbeings.Ss:...T:I’msogladtoshareyourdreams.Yourambitionandcarefulthoughtsreallyleaveagoodandamazingimpressiononme.Ilikethem.Inthisunit,youwilllearnsomethingabout“Greatscientists”.Maybeyouwillknowwhatyouneedinyoureffortstorealizeyourdreamsafterwetalkaboutsomeworld-famousscientists.Beforewecometo“Warmingup”,I’dlikeyoutocometothenewwordsinthisunit,whichwillhelpyoutolearnthisunit.Step3WordpuzzlesT:OpenyourbooksandturntoPage’sreadthewordsandexpressionstogether.(Letthestudentsreadthewordsandexpressionstogether.Helpthempronouncethenewwordsandexpressionscorrectly.Latergivethemsometimetopractisereadingandremembersomeeasyandimportantones.Givemorehelptothosewhoarepoorinpronunciation.)T:Herearesomedefinitionsofsomeofthewordsfromthisworkinpairsandmatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.(groupcompetition)Words DefinitionsorexplanationsA.examine principlesofanartorscienceB.repeat ordoagainC.theory once;withoutdelayD.immediately at...carefullyinordertolearnaboutorfrom...E.complete greatvalue,worthoruseF.valuable allitsparts;whole;finishedG.announce knownH.control orbringtoanendI.positive toorderordirectJ.conclude certainorsureT:Now,let’schecktheanswers.A—4,B—2,C—1,D—3,E—6,F—5,G—7,H—9,I—10,J—8.Youhavedoneagoodjob.Iwillgiveyousomemoreminutestogooverallthewordsandexpressionsandthenfillintheblankswithproperformsofsomeofthemfromthisunit.1.“AllroadsleadtoRome,”heencouragedmeafterIfailedtheentranceexamination.2.Thissentencedoesn’tmakeanysense.3.OurEnglishteacherisnotonlystrictwithusbutalsofriendlytous.4.Heisgood-looking,apartfromhisnose.5.Itisannouncedthatthespacecraft,ShenzhouⅥ,landedontheearthsuccessfully.6.ItisnotTombutyouwhoaretoblame.7.In1995,theChinesegovernmentputforwardaplanfor“rejuvenatingthenationbyrelyingonscienceandeducation”.AndithashelpedChinesescientistsmakemanybreakthroughs.youdrawnanyconclusionafteryoureadthispassage?T:Welldone.Somuchforthelearningofthenewwordsandexpressions.Step4BrainstormingT:Nowlet’scometothetitleofthisunitGreatscientists.Whenwetalkaboutgreatscientists,whatwillcomeintoyourmind(s)?Wewillgoonourcompetition.S1:MadameCurie,whogottwoNobelPrizes,oneforphysicsandtheotherforchemistry,isreallyoutstandingamongallthewomenscientists.S2:ItremindsmeofthegreatinventornamedThomasAlvaEdisonandoneofhisfamoussayings“Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.”S3:Yes,weleadabetterlifenowwiththehelpofscience.WithoutEdison,maybenowwearestilllivinginadarkworld.Theyreallymakeourlifeeasierandmorecomfortable.S4:IalsothinkofoneofthequotesfromAlbertEinstein,“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”S5:Allthescientistsaredevotedtothecareerthattheychoose,andtheysetgoodexamplestousinourwork.S6:Takeallthescientistsforexample,ifwewanttobesuccessfulinthefuture,weshouldnotonlylearnsomethingfromourtextbooks,butalsotakepartinsocialpracticeandgetclosetonaturetolearnmoreaboutit.S7:Ilikeplantsverymuch.Ijustthinkofthetwokeyscientistsinthefieldofbotany,CarlLinnaeusandJosephBanks.Theformeronelaidthefoundationfortheclassificationofplants,whilethelatteronealsomadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentanddirectionofbotany.Ss:...T:I’mgladtoseethatyouhaveagreatdealofpreviousknowledgeoffamousscientistsintheworld.Step5PreviousknowledgeT:Nowlet’smatchsomeofthegreatscientistswiththeirfamousdiscoveries,inventionsortheories.Letmeseewhoisthequickestinmindandactionandcangetalltheanswerscorrect.Famousscientists Discoveries/Inventions/TheoriesA.IsaacNewton (进化论)B.CharlesDarwin ofRadium（镭）C.MadameCurie ’sLawEinstein bulbE.ThomasAlvaEdison ofRelativityCopernicus Hawking BriefHistoryofTimeH.ZhangHeng earthmovesaroundthesun.(Checktheanswerswithallthestudents:A—3,B—1,C—2,D—5,E—4,F—8,G—7,H—6.)T:Sinceyouhaveabetterunderstandingofsomeofthegreatscientists,let’splayagame.Pleaseworkingroupsanddescribeoneofthegreatscientists,andthenletotherstudentsguesswhoyouaretalkingabout.Group1:Intheeighteenthcentury,therelivedagreatscientistwhoconductedanumberofexperimentsinwhichheshowedwhatelectricityis.Oncehedidafamouskiteexperimentonastormyday,andprovedthatlighteningandelectricityarethesamething.S:BenjaminFranklin.Group2:ItissaidthatthisEnglishgentlemanwassittinginhisgardenonedaywhensuddenlyhewashitbyafallingapple.Thestoryisprobablynottrue,butthismandidmentionthathegotoneofhisbest-knownideaswhilewatchingapplesfallfromatree.Hisnamemakesyouthinkthathewasnottoointerestedinoldthings.Hediscoveredtheforceofgravity,andhedrewupasystemofhowobjectsmove.Hislawsformotionarestillusedinphysicstoday,atleastinschoolsanduniversities.S:SirIssacNewton.Group3:Foodiswhatsetsthisgreatmindonfire.Rice,tobeexact.Thisgreatmindhasspentmostofhislifelookingforwaystohelpfarmersgrowmorericesothatallofuswillhaveenoughfoodtoeat.Heisknownasthefatherofmodernrice,butbecauseofhislongfriendshipwithallthefarmersinChina,hewouldratherbeknownas“thefarmer”.S:YuanLongping.Group4:Hewasbornon8January1942inOxford,England.Hehasworkedonthebasiclawswhichgoverntheuniverse.HeshowedthatEinstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativityimpliedspaceandtimewouldhaveabeginningintheBigBangandanendinblackholes.Hehasthreepopularbookspublished:hisbestsellerABriefHistoryofTime,BlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssaysandmostrecentlyin2001,TheUniverseinaNutshell.S:StephenHawking.Ss:...T:Welldone.Step6QuizT:Youhavealreadyknownsomeinformationaboutsomeofthegreatscientists.Nowlet’sdoaquiz,tryingtofindoutwhothesescientistsare.QuizQuestions1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?3.Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?4.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedformparentstotheirchildren?5.Whodiscoveredradium?6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?Checktheanswerswiththestudents.DarwinWattMendelCuriedavinciDavyHengHawkingT:Pleaseworkingroupsandhaveadiscussiontofindasmuchinformationaspossibleaboutthesetengreatscientists.(Theteacherhadbetterjoininthediscussionandgivethemsomeguidancewhenevernecessary.Afterthediscussion,asksomestudentstogiveashortreportaboutwhatthegrouphavediscussed.)(Refertotheinformationaboutthesescientistsbelow,andvariousanswersarepossible.)Step7PracticeT:Todaywehavelearnedalotaboutgreatscientistsintheworld.Wecanlearnfromthemtoliveourdreams.Andweteachersaretoowillingtohelpyou.Inyouropinion,whatshouldourschool/teachers/studentsdototapthestudents’potential?S:Ourschoolshouldgivethestudentsmorechancestotakepartinsocialpractice.S:Ourteachersshouldhelpthestudentsusetheirimaginations.S:Westudentsshouldsolvetheproblemsonourown.(Askmorestudentstogivetheiropinions.Theteachershouldencouragethem,jointhem,praisethem,andmakecommentsontheirideas.)Step8Discussion(GroupCompetition)T:Yourideasaresowonderfulandamazing.Iadmirethemverymuch.Nowlet’scometoourtopic.Topic1:Whatcanyoulearnfromthesescientists?Topic2:Whatqualitiesshouldwehavetobeasuccessfulman?(Givethestudentsseveralminutestohaveadiscussion.Thenletthemhaveagroupcompetition.)Step9SummingupT:Inthisperiod,wehavetalkedalotaboutgreatscientists.Youhavealotofpreviousknowledgeandyouarefullofimaginationandcreativity.Thosescientistssetgoodexamplestous.AndIthinkallofusarehappyaboutlearningmoreofthem.Afterclass,it’sbettertoreadsomebooksaboutthemandyoucansurftheInternettogetmoreinformation.AndI’dlikeyoutomakea“ScientistsAlbum”inthefollowingweek.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboardUnit1GreatscientistsPeriod1WelcometotheUnitBrainstormingResearchandActivitiesDIYaglassofwaterwithapieceofthickpaper.Putonehandonthepaperandturntheglassupsidedown.Slowlytakeyourhandaway.Whathappens?Why?oneglasswithfreshwaterandanotherglasswithsaltwater.Putanicecubeineachglass.Whathappens?Why?outasmanyfamoussayingsfromthosescientistsaspossible.ReferenceforTeachingDarwinwasborninShrewsbury(shropshire)toamoderatelywealthyfamilywithastrongintellectualheritage.Hisgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,wasaphysician,poetandbiologistwholaidsomeofthegroundworkforthegrandson’srevolutionaryideas.CharlesattendedChrist’sCollegeatCambridgewithinitialthoughtsofenteringtheclergy,butsoontookupstudiesinbiology,zoologyandgeology.From1831to1836,heservedasanaturalistaboardtheHMSBeagleonitsscientificmissiontoSouthAmericaandthePacific.BackinEngland,hepublishedaseriesofscientifictreatiseswhichestablishedhisreputationasoneoftheprominentthinkersofhisday.From1842onwards,helivedonacountryestateinKentandpursuedhisstudiesamongitsgardensandlivestock.By1844,hehadwrittentheinitialdraftofhisgroundbreakingtreatiseonevolutionandnaturalselection.However,heleftthisworkunpublishedforseveralyears,preferringtorefineandelaborateitscoreideas.In1858,hereadaforthcomingpaperbyafellowscientistAlfredRussellWallacewhosethesiscloselyparalleledDarwin’sownunpublishedideas,aneventwhichpushedDarwintogopublicwithhisownWallace’sandDarwin’spaperswerepresentedtotheLinneanSocietyinafamousJuly,1858meeting.DarwinpublishedTheOriginofSpeciesbyMeansofNaturalSelectionin1859,sparkingdecadesofcontentiousdebatewhichultimatelyledtotheuniversalscientificrecognitionofDarwin’sthesis.Inlateryears,hedevelopedhisideasfurtherinmonographsondifferenttypesofplantandanimallife.Notes:Shrewsbury:什鲁斯伯里[英国英格兰西部城市]physician:内科医生（注意区分physicist，物理学家）revolutionary:创新的HMS:（英国）皇家海军舰船（Her/HisMajesty’sShip）treatises:论文WilliamHawkingwasbornon8January1942(300yearsafterthedeathofGalileo)inOxford,England.Hisparents’housewasinnorthLondon,butduringtheSecondWorldWarOxfordwasconsideredasaferplacetohavebabies.Whenhewaseight,hisfamilymovedtoStAlbans,atownabout20milesnorthofLondon.AtelevenStephenwenttoStAlbansSchool,andthenontoUniversityCollege,Oxford,hisfather’soldcollege.StephenwantedtodoMathematics,althoughhisfatherwouldhavepreferredmedicine.MathematicswasnotavailableatUniversityCollege,sohedidPhysicsinstead.AfterthreeyearsandnotverymuchworkhewasawardedafirstclasshonoursdegreeinNaturalScience.StephenthenwentontoCambridgetodoresearchinCosmology,therebeingno-oneworkinginthatareainOxfordatthetime.HissupervisorwasDenisSciama,althoughhehadhopedtogetFredHoylewhowasworkinginCambridge.Aftergaininghis.hebecamefirstaResearchFellow,andlateronaProfessorialFellowatGonvilleandCaiusCollege.AfterleavingtheInstituteofAstronomyin1973StephencametotheDepartmentofAppliedMathematicsandTheoreticalPhysics,andsince1979hasheldthepostofLucasianProfessorofMathematics.Thechairwasfoundedin1663withmoneyleftinthewilloftheReverendHenryLucas,whohadbeentheMemberofParliamentforthewasfirstheldbyIsaacBarrow,andthenin1663byIsaacNewton.StephenHawkinghasworkedonthebasiclawswhichgoverntheRogerPenroseheshowedthatEinstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativityimpliedspaceandtimewouldhaveabeginningintheBigBangandanendinblackholes.TheseresultsindicateditwasnecessarytounifyGeneralRelativitywithQuantumTheory,theothergreatScientificdevelopmentofthefirsthalfofthe20thCentury.Oneconsequenceofsuchaunificationthathediscoveredwasthatblackholesshouldnotbecompletelyblack,butshouldemitradiationandeventuallyevaporateanddisappear.Anotherconjectureisthattheuniversehasnoedgeorboundaryinimaginarytime.Thiswouldimplythatthewaytheuniversebeganwascompletelydeterminedbythelawsofscience.HismanypublicationsincludeTheLargeScaleStructureofSpacetimewithGFREllis,GeneralRelativity:AnEinsteinCentenarySurvey,withWIsrael,and300YearsofGravity,withWHawkinghastwopopularbookspublished:hisbestsellerABriefHistoryofTime,andhislaterbook,BlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssays.ProfessorHawkinghastwelvehonorarydegrees,wasawardedtheCBEin1982,andwasmadeaCompanionofHonourinistherecipientofmanyawards,medalsandprizesandisaFellowofTheRoyalSocietyandaMemberoftheUSNationalAcademyofSciences.StephenHawkingcontinuestocombinefamilylife(hehasthreechildrenandonegrandchild),andhisresearchintotheoreticalphysicstogetherwithanextensiveprogrammeoftravelandpubliclectures.Davy,awoodcarver’sson,wasborninPenzancein1778.AfterbeingeducatedinTruro,DavywasapprenticedtoaPenzance1797hetookupchemistryandwastakenonbyThomasBeddoes,asanassistantathisMedicalPneumaticInstitutioninheexperimentedwithvariousnewgasesanddiscoveredtheanestheticeffectoflaughinggas(nitrousoxide).DavypublisheddetailsofhisresearchinhisbookResearches,ChemicalandPhilosophical(1799).ThisledtoDavybeingappointedasalecturerattheRoyalwasatalentedteacherandhislecturesattractedlargeaudiences.In1806DavypublishedOnSomeChemicalAgenciesofElectricity.Thefollowingyearhediscoveredthatthealkalisandalkalineearthsarecompoundsubstancesformedbyoxygenunitedwithmetallicbases.Healsousedelectrolysistodiscovernewmetalssuchaspotassium,sodium,barium,strontium,calciumandmagnesium.DavywasnowconsideredtobeBritain’sleadingscientistandin1812wasknightedbyGeorgeⅢ.Withhisassistant,MichaelFaraday,Davytravelledabroadinvestigatinghistheoryofvolcanicaction.In1815HumphryDavyinventedasafetylampforuseingassycoalmines,allowingdeepcoalseamstobemineddespitethepresenceoffiredamp(methane).ThisledtosomecontroversyasGeorgeStephenson,workinginacollierynearNewcastle,alsoproducedasafetylampthatyear.Bothmenclaimedthattheywerefirsttocomeupwiththisinvention.OneofDavy’smostimportantcontributionstohistorywasthatheencouragemanufacturerstotakeascientificapproachtodiscoveriesinchemistryhelpedtoimproveseveralindustriesincludingagriculture,miningandHumphryDavydiedin1829.daVinci,Vinci,RepublicofFlorence[nowinItaly]—2,1519,Cloux,Fr.),Italianpainter,draftsman,sculptor,architect,andengineerwhosegenius,perhapsmorethanthatofan