2023学年完整版Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars同步练习8

Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars同步练习基础•巩固Ⅰ.用合适的单词填空havethreestates:s,gasandliquid.needotolive.tablehadashinys,butunderneathitwasdullandrough.RomanEmpireeforseveralcenturies.manydareashavebeenestablishedinChina.threwthevaseontheflooranditotinypieces.stheworldmapoutflatonthefloorandtriedtofindoutthetownwherehissonwasfighting.’sgivethreecforourteam—they’vewon!willthedictionarybep?therain,theskywasamofclouds.答案：Ⅱ.翻译词组1.突然爆发__________ 2.依靠__________3.最终__________ 4.既然__________5.阻止__________ 6.对……有害的__________7.有机会做某事__________ 8.第一次__________9.逃脱__________ 10.高兴起来__________答案：outontimethatfromharmto/beharmfultoachancetodosth.thefirsttimefromupⅢ.语法练习oneknows__________inamillionyears.manwilllooklikewillmanlooklikewilllooklikewhatlookwillmanlike答案：A本题考查宾语从句。从句作宾语时,其语序应是陈述句的语序；连接词位于从句的句首。本题中,what作介词like的宾语,但因其用于引导宾语从句,故放于从句之首。2.__________isthatIhavepromisedtomakefriendswiththedishonestgirl.onlythingwhatIregretIregretmostwhatIreallyregretmostthatIregretmost答案：B本题考查主语从句。what一词在引导名词性从句时,含有thething(person)that之意。因此,A项中的theonlything是多余的,也可把what去掉后改为that；同样,C项的all和D项中的that也是多余的。3.__________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather. 答案：BB、C、D三项均可引导主语从句,但是本句含有疑问的意思,因此that排除；根据句意,是否camping和天气关系更为密切,所以where排除；if虽也可表示“是否”,但其不能引导主语从句,也排除。hopestobecomeafriendof__________sharesherinterests. matterwho答案：Bwhoever在句中起双重作用,既作介词of的宾语,也作从句的主语；whomever不能在从句中作主语；nomatterwho只能引导状语从句。can’timagine__________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.theywereexcitedexcitedtheywereexcitedweretheywerehowexcited答案：B本题考查由感叹句变来的宾语从句。此时,位于从句句首的应为连接词how,形容词或副词紧随其后,然后是正常的陈述句语序。根据这一要求,本题应该选择B。youmakesure__________thegoldring?AlicehadputhadAliceputAlicehasputhasAliceput答案：C本句虽然是疑问句,但是宾语从句的语序并没有变化。因此,首先要把B和D项排除掉。主句的时态是现在时,从句就不能用过去完成时,A项也排除掉。worriedMaryabit__________shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination. 答案：A本题中,it是形式主语,要求选出引导主语从句的连词。如果选择that,Mary就不必着急了；句意为“使她感到忧虑的是,她是否能够通过考试”,所以,D项排除。if不能引导主语从句,也排除。8.—Look!Someoneis__________.—’salwaysontime.canitbeitcanbeitmustbemustitbe答案：B英语中,表示肯定的推测一般用must,否定和疑问的推测用can。本题虽是肯定句,但其在宾语从句中,实质上也是表示疑问,因此还是用can。另外,宾语从句的语序应是陈述语序,所以应选择B。9.__________surprisedmemostwasthesuddenchangeofhisattitude. 答案：B本题考查主语从句。从句意上分析,本句应是“最让我吃惊的事情”,而what一词可表示thethingthat(surprisedmemost),其他选项语法不通。wildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo__________Icantosavethem. 答案：A本题考查宾语从句。从句意为“我所能做的一切”,Ican后面省略了do。四个选项中,能表达这个意思的只有whatever(=anythingthat...)。whichever用在给出选项,供人选择的情况下,如：Herearesomecantakewhicheveryoulike.Ⅳ.交际用语练习Readaboutthefollowingsituationsthatcouldbedangerousandthinkofpropersafetygivinginstructionsineachsituationwithapartnerbeforeyoupresentthemtotheclass.suddenlystartsrainingwiththunderandarethethingsyoushoulddoandwhatarethethingsyoushouldnotdo?DosDon’ts√Ifyouareoutdoors,__________.√__________ifyouareathome.√__________inabigbuilding.√__________ifyouareinacar.√Keepyourbodylow__________.√Makeyourself__________.√Don’tshelter__________.√Don’tshelterunder__________.√Don’tuse__________.√Don’tuse__________.√Don’t__________.√Don’tusetheairconditioner.wanttodoascienceexperimentinachemistrythesafetyinstructionsfromthechemistrylabandpractisetheminEnglish.DosDon’ts√Keepchemicalsandinstruments__________.√__________inthelab.√Keeptheinstruments__________.√__________whentheexperimentisover.√__________beforeleavingthelab.√Savewater,__________.√Takegoodcareof__________.√Don’t__________.√Don’t__________ifyoudon’thaveto.√Don’t__________unlessyouknowhowtousethem.√Don’ttaketheinstrumentapart.√__________latefortheexperiment.√__________withouttheteacher’spermission.答案：1.DosDon’ts√Ifyouareoutdoors,gohomeortoasafeplaceasquicklyaspossible.√Stayindoorsifyouareathome.√Takeshelterinabigbuilding.√Closethewindowsifyouareinacar.√Keepyourbodylowtotheground.√Makeyourselfassmallaspossible.√Don’tshelterinsmallbuildings.√Don’tshelterundertreesthatstandalone.√Don’tusethetelephone.√Don’tuseelectricalmachines.√Don’ttakeabathorshower.√Don’tusetheairconditioner.2.DosDon’ts√Keepchemicalsandinstrumentsinorder.√Keepquietinthelab.√Keeptheinstrumentscleananddry.√Putawayallinstrumentswhentheexperimentisover.√Shutthewindows,turnoffthelights,tapandgasandlockthedoorbeforeleavingthelab.√Savewater,electricityandchemicals.√Takegoodcareoftheinstrumentsandotheritemsinthelab.√Don’tspeakloudly.√Don’twalkaroundifyoudon’thaveto.√Don’ttouchinstrumentsunlessyouknowhowtousethem.√Don’ttaketheinstrumentapart.√Don’tbelatefortheexperiment.√Don’tleaveclasswithouttheteacher’spermission.综合•应用Ⅰ.选择填空1.（2005辽宁高考）Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately__________intimeforChristmas.ordertohavereceivedordertoreceiveastobereceivedastobereceiving答案：C根据句意,句子主语与所给动词为被动关系,故只有C项合乎语法结构。2.（2005山东高考）Whatshallweuseforpowerwhenalltheoilintheworldhas__________?out on up up答案：Agivenout意为“耗尽,用尽”,无被动式；puton意为“穿上”；holdup意为“堵塞”；usedup意为“用尽”,主语为物时,需用被动式。3.（2005辽宁高考）TheheadofficeofthebankisinBeijing,butithas__________alloverthecountry. 答案：Bbranches意为“分支,分公司”,正合题意。4.（2006广东高考）Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefire__________,andthenitspreadquickly.out out out out答案：A题意为“火灾发生的时候,我正在睡觉……”。A项意为“发生”；B项意为“扑灭”；C项意为“开花、出版”；D项意为“出来”。5.（2006天津高考）—I’mthinkingofthetest’mafraidIcan’tpassthistime.—__________!I’msureyou’llmakeit.ahead luck problem up答案：D由后句“I’msureyou’llmakeit.（我相信你会成功的）”可知,应是对对方的鼓励和信任。cheerup可用于表达鼓励、促进的含义,相当于comeon,goahead意为“做吧”,用以表达对前面说话人的提议的支持和许可。Ⅱ.阅读理解A（2005全国高考）AtDallm/FortWorthAirport,thelightsarecontrolledbysensorsthatmeasuredimimmediatelywhenit’ssunnyandbrightenwhenapassingcloudblocksthesun.AwallofwindowsataUniversityofPennsylvaniaengineeringbuddinghasbuilt-inblinds(百叶窗)controlledbyacomputerprogramthatfollowsthesun’spath.Buildingsaregettingsmarter—andthenextgenerationofbuildingmaterialsisexpectedtodoevenmore.Windowscouldcatchthesun’senergytoheatthatmeasurethecarbondioxidebreathedoutbypeopleinaroomcoulddeterminewhethertheairconditioningneedstobeturnedup.Manynewmaterialsandtechnologyhavebeendesignedinthelast15arenowbeingusedinawaveofbuildingsdesignedtosaveasmuchenergyasincludeoldideas,like“greenroofs”,whereabeltofplantsonaroofhelpsthebuildingkeepheatinwinterandstaycoolinsummer,andnewideas,likespecialcoatingforwindowsthatletslightin,butkeepsheatout.Astechnologiessuchassensorsbecomecheaper,theirusesspread.Theelevators(电梯)atSevenWorldTradeCenter,whichisunderconstructioninNewYork,useasystemthatgroupspeopletravelingtonearbyfloorintothesameelevator,thussavingelevatorwhoworkinthebuildingwillenteritbyswiping(刷)IDcardsthatwilltelltheelevatorstheirfloor;readoutswillthentellthemwhichelevatortobuildingalsohaswindowswithacoatingthatblocksheatwhilelettinginlight.MorenewbuildingmaterialsandtechnologyareinPhiladelphiabuildingfarmisnowworkingon“smartwrap”thatusestinysolarcollectorstocatchthesun’senergyandtransmitters(传感器)thewidthofahumanhairtomoveit.Theyareexpectedtochangethefaceoftheconstructionindustryinthenexttenyearsorso.1.__________willbedevelopedandusedintheconstructionindustry.A.“Greenmops”thatcoolorheatbuildingsB.“Smartwrap”thatcatchesthesun’senergysensorsthatcontrollightscoatingthatletslightin,butkeepsheatoutelevatorsatSevenWorldTradeCenterarespecialbecausetheycan__________.peopletofloorswithfewerstopspeoplehowtousetheirIDcardspeoplestayverycoolinsummerpeoplegotravelinginthebuildingunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto__________.humanbeingwrapsun’senergytransmittermightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?AreBecomingSmarterAreGettingMoreSunlightAreLackinginMuchEnergyAreUsingCheaperMaterials答案：最后一段中可以找到smartwrap,最后一句话说明这种发明将会用于建筑业。倒数第二段“...asystemthatgroupspeopletravelingtonearbyfloorintothesameelevator,thussavingelevatorstops”一句表明,答案应是...sendpeopletofloorswithfewerstops。最后一段中作者谈到要用solarcollectors来catchthesun’senergy,用transmitters去moveit，可见catch和move属于并列的关系,它们的宾语也是一致的。根据文章每一部分谈及的具体内容,我们可以得出结论,现代建筑越来越聪明了。BWhatmakesapersonascientist?Doeshehavewaysortoolsoflearningthataredifferentfromthoseofothers?Theansweris“no”.Itisn’tthetoolsascientistusesbuthowheusesthesetoolswhichmakeshimawillprobablyagreethatknowinghowtouseapowerisimportanttoacarpenter(木匠）.Youwillprobablyagree,too,thatknowinghowtoinvestigate(调查）,howtodiscoverinformation,isimportanttoscientist,however,goesonestepfurther；hemustbesurethathehasareasonableanswertohisquestionsandthathisanswerhegetstomanyquestionsisintoalargesetofideasabouthowtheworldworks.Thescientist’sknowledgemustbe’snoroomforhalfrightorrightjusthalfthemustbeasnearlyrightastheconditionsworksunderonesetofconditionsatonetimemustworkunderthesameconditionsatothertheconditionsaredifferent,anychangesthescientistobservesinademonstration(实证）mustbeexplainedbythechangesintheisonereasonwhyinvestigationsareimportantinEinstein,whodevelopedtheTheoryofRelativity,arrivedatthistheorythroughaccuracy(正确性）ofhismathematicswaslatertestedthrough’sideaswereprovedtobescientistusesmanytoolsforthemeasurementsareusedtomakemathematicalcalculations(计算）thatmaytesthisinvestigations.makesascientistaccordingtothepassage?toolsheuses.waysoflearning.wayheuseshistools.varioustoolsheuses.6.“...knowinghowtoinvestigate,howtodiscoverinformation,isimportanttoeveryone.”Thewritersaysthistoshow__________.importanceofinformationdifferencebetweenscientistsandordinarypeopleimportanceofthinkingdifferencebetweencarpentersandordinarypeoplesoundscientifictheoryshouldbeonethat__________.underonesetofconditionsatonetimeandalsoworksunderthesameconditionsatothertimesnoroomforimprovement’tallowanychangeevenunderdifferentconditionsbeusedformanypurposesisthemainideaofthepassage?aredifferentfromordinarypeople.TheoryofRelativity.isthecore(核心）ofscience.andwayofusingtoolsarethekeystomakingofascientist.答案：由第一段“Itisn’t...buthowheuses...scientist”可知答案选C项。第一段“...knowinghowtoinvestigate...”强调知道怎样去调查,去获取信息,即一种思考的过程,暗示思维的重要性。由第二段“Whatworks...times”可知。文章第一段主要讲述合理利用工具的重要性,第二段主要说明准确的重要性。故选D项。Ⅲ.把下列中文译成英文A1.他什么时候能算出那道数学题还是个未知数。______________________________isunknown.2.你需要的是更多的口语练习。______________________________ismoreoralpractice.3.这样好的电视剧你没看到真遗憾。It’sapity______________________________.4.哪个足球队能赢得这场比赛还很难说。Itishardtosay______________________________.5.他为什么做这件事还不十分清楚。______________________________wasn’tquiteclear.B6.一米是一英尺的三倍多。_______________________________________________________________________________7.现在我们家乡学校的数量比解放前增加了四倍。_______________________________________________________________________________8.北京有我家乡城市的十个那么大。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：hecanworkoutthemathematicsproblemyouneedmissedsuchafineTVplayfootballteamwillwinthematchhediditmetreis3timesmorethan（...is4timesthelengthof）afoot.arenowfivetimesasmanyschoolsinmyhometownasbeforeliberation.istentimesasbigas（ninetimeslargerthan/tentimesthesizeof）myhometown.视野•新知随着科学技术的飞速发展,我们曾经拥有的许多梦想成为了现实,从而使我们的生活在各个方面都有了很大提高。但我们依然追求着更高的理想,追逐着更美的梦,它们是否可以实现呢？请阅读下面两篇短文：CanItReallyHappen?Throughoutthehistoryofmankind,peoplehavebeenasking,“Canitreallyhappen?”Thequestionwasaskedwhenpeoplefirstthoughtofgoingoutontheoceans.ItwasaskedwhenColumbus(哥伦布）setoutonhisjourney,andasMarcoPolosetthoughttheshipswoulddropofftheedgeoftheworld.Inthe1960’swhenastronautsmadeplanstoreachthemoon,manypeoplebelieveditcouldnevermendidwalkonthemoon,andtheyrodeacrossthesurfaceinmooncars.Andwhataboutspacecolonies?Cantheyreallyhappen?Theanswerisastrongcoloniescanbenowengineershavetheknowledgeneededtogetstarted.Spacecolonization(殖民地化）isinouroffersendlessopportunitiesforpeopletoareresourcesinspace—endlessenergy,materialsinthemoonandtheasteroids,theadvantagesofweightlessnessandahighvacuum(真空）.Theopeningofthespacefrontierwillbewillchallengetheentirenationwillbeworkingonsomethingoutsideitsboundaries,andpeoplefromallcornersoftheworldwillbedeeplyinvolvedinthemostthrillingadventurethatmankindhaseverattempted.Nationswiththemostadvancedknowledgeofelectronicsandthemostindustrialized(工业化的)willtakethelead,butprobablymanycountrieswillcontributescientistsandspacecolonistswillcomefromalloverthecolonieswillbringpeopletogetherforagreatinternationalmaybeastrongforceforpeaceamongallnations.Lifeinacolonyshouldbeverywillhaveahighstandardofliving—apleasanthome,plentyoffood,unlimitedenergy,andchallengingopportunities.Manypeoplefromearthmayprefertoliveinspacecolonies,wheretheweathercanbecontrolled,dayscanbemadelongerorshorter,andseasonscanbeadjustedtopleasethepersoncanbeweightless,ifdesire,orliveinaregionwherethereisgravity,insurroundingsmorelikethoseoftheearthitself.Eachcolonywillhaveitsownmanagersandengineers—peopleresponsiblefortheoperationoftheeachpersonwillhaveasenseofresponsibility,anessentialparttoplayinthesuccessofthecolony.Theonlycertaintyinthefutureisthatradicallynewthingswillbeonlywaytoexploreitistouseyourimagination.THEFUTURETHATNEVERHAPPENEDInthefutureyourautomobilewillrunonwaterinsteadofgas!Youwillbeabletobuyasupercomputerthatfistinyourpocket!Youmightevendriveaflyingcar!Thesepredictionsaresomeoftoday’sbestguessesaboutwhattechnologymightbringthesepasttechnologypredictionsshowsthatthefutureisn’talwayseasytoofthehigh-techthingsourparentsthoughtwe’dbeusingbynowsimplyneverappeared.OK,notallpastpredictionshavebeenprovenfewofthemhavebeensurprisinglygreatthinkerspredictedthearrivalofthecreditcard,thefaxmachineandeventheInternet—yearsbeforetheyhappened.Butforeachpredictionthathascometruetoday’sseveralothershavemissedbyaofthesepredictionsdidn’tconsiderhowpeoplewouldwanttousetheifpeoplereallyneededitintheirlivesor’slookatsomepredictionsfromthenot-too-distantpast.RobotHelpersWhere’stherobotinmykitchen?Nowhere,ofhe’sprobablynotcominganytimedoexisttoday,butmostlyinfactoriesandothermanufacturingenvironments.Backinthe1950s,however,peoplesaidthatbynowpersonalrobotswouldbeinmostpeople’shome.Sowhyhasn’thappened?Probablybecauserobotsarestilltooexpensiveandmaybetheideaofrobotscookingourdinnersandwashingourclothesisjusttoohomeweseemtobedoingfinewithoutthem.Inthe1950sand1960s,moonmissionschalle