Donne：A Valediction(多恩：离别辞.节哀)

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----JohnDonneHistoricalbackgroundIntroducetheJohnDonneMetaphysicalpoetry(玄学派)AValediction:ForbiddingMourning（离别辞·节哀）

HistoricalbackgroundPolitics1Economic2Literature3Science4AbsolutemonarchyimpededthefurtherdevelopmentofcapitalisminEnglandThebourgeoisiecouldnolongerbeartheswayoflandednobilityThecontradictionsbetweenthefeudalsystemandthebourgeoisiehadreacheditspeakandresultedinarevolutionaryoutburstPoliticstheseventeenthcenturywasaperiodofgreatcommercialexpansionforEnglandasEuropeantradeshiftedfromtheMediterraneantotheAtlantic.bankingdevelopedinthe17thcentury.AsEnglandgrewmorecommercialsolendingmoneybecamemoreimportant.

EnglandisintheearlydaysofcapitalismEconomy

theeraofDonneandRobertBurton(theobsessiveanatomistofmelancholy)deservedtobecalledtheAgeofAnxiety.“Metaphysical”poetstriedtoreinforcethetraditionallyricformsofloveanddevotionbystretchingthemtocomprehendnewandextremeintellectualenergies.Literature

Revolutioninthoughtoccurredduringthe17thcentury.FrancisBaconarguedthat

carefulobservationandexperimentwasthekeytofindingouthowthenaturalworldworks.Peoplearekeentoastronomy,medicine,physicsandsoonNicolausCopernicusproposedaheliocentric

whichoverturnedearthcenteroftheuniverseIntheageofdiscovery,voyagedevelopedin17thcentury.ScientificJohnDonne

Occupation:priest,lawyer,poetNationality:EnglishAlmamater:Oxford,Cambridge(未得到学位）1572—1631Love&ReligionBorninaCatholicfamilyIn1598privatesecretary,promisingIn1601marriedwith

AnneMore,ThisweddingruinedDonne'scareerIn1615,hebecamean

priestIn1621,hewasappointedthe

DeanofStPaul‘s

Cathedral(圣保罗大教堂教长）inLondonMetaphysicalPoetry

1、

concept2、features3、representatives1、

Concept“metaphysicalpoetry”Itiscommonlyusedtodesignatetheworksofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceof

JohnDonne.2、FeaturesWitharebelliousspirit1、Diction：simple

2、Imagery：theactuallife、

novel（新奇）

suchas:compasses

（圆规）3、Form：

argument

3、RepresentativesJohnDonne-theleadingfigureofthe'metaphysicalschool'GeorgeHerbert（乔治赫伯特）HenryVaughan（亨利沃恩）RichardCrashaw（理查德克拉肖）AndrewMarvell(安德鲁马韦尔）AValediction:ForbiddingMourning.

-----byJohnDonne(wroteforhiswife)Structure：Part1：stanza（诗的一节）1~2(death)Part2：stanza3(earthquake)Part3：stanza4~6(gold)Part4：stanza7~9(compass)Part1：Stanza1：Asvirtuous(高德)menpassmildlyaway,Andwhispertotheirsouls,togo,

正如高德之人逝世很安然，对灵魂轻轻的说一声，走吧,Whilstsomeoftheirsadfriendsdosay,Thebreathgoesnow,andsomesay,No.悲伤的朋友们聚在旁边，有的说断气了，有的说没有.Mainthought:soulsandbodiesMetaphor：parting——deathPart1：Stanza2：Soletus①melt（融化）andmakenonoise,Notear-floods,norsigh-tempestsmove;让我们化了，一声也不作；泪浪也不翻，叹风也不兴;‘Twereprofanation(亵渎)ofourjoysTotellthelaity（俗人）ourlove.那是亵渎我们的欢乐——要是对俗人讲我们的爱。①SoulsandbodiestogetherMainthought:loveisholyMetaphor：tear——floodssigh——tempests

Part2：Stanza3：Movingofth'earthbringsharmsandfears;Menreckonwhatitdid,andmeant;地动会带来灾害和惊恐，人们估计它干什么，要怎样。

Buttrepidationofthespheres,Thoughgreaterfar,isinnocent.可是那些天体的震动，虽然大得多，什么也不伤。Mainthought:partingdoesnotalwayscometoinjure.Metaphor：parting——trepidationofthespheresInfluence：seafaringandscienceEarthquakesPart3：Stanza4：Dullsublunarylovers'love—Whosesoulissense—cannotadmitOfabsence,'causeitdothremoveThethingwhichelementedit.

世俗的男女彼此的相好，（他们的灵魂是官能）就最忌别离，因为那就会取消；组成爱恋的那一套东西。Stanza5：Butwebyalovesomuchrefined,Thatourselvesknownotwhatitis,Inter-assurèdofthemind,Careless,eyes,lipsandhandstomiss.

我们被爱情提炼得纯净，自己都不知道存什么念头。互相在心灵上得到了保证，再不愁碰不到眼睛、嘴和手。Part3：Stanza6：Ourtwosoulstherefore,whichareone,ThoughImustgo,endurenotyetAbreach,butanexpansion,Likegoldtoairythinnessbeat.

两个灵魂打成了一片，虽说我得走，却并不变成。破裂，而只是向外伸延，像金子打到薄薄的一层。Mainthought:bodiesareseparatedbuttheirsoulsaretogether(Plato’sconcept)Metaphor：love——gold

Part4：Stanza7：If①theybetwo,theyaretwo②so

③Asstifftwincompassesaretwo;Thysoul,④thefix'dfoot,makesnoshowTomove,but⑤doth,⑥ifth'otherdo.

就还算两个吧，两个却这样。和一副两脚规情况相同；灵魂是定脚．并不像。移动．另一脚一移，它也动。①Thesoulsofthepoetandhislover②Insuchaway③Asstiffasthetwolegsofacompass④Thefixedfootremainsatthecenterofthecircle⑤Moves⑥IfthefootthatdrawsthecircumferenceofthecirclemovesPart4：Stanza8：Andthough①itinthecentresit,Yet,whentheotherfardothroam,虽然它一直是坐在中心，可是另一个去天涯海角，

②Itleans,andhearkensafter③it,Andgrowserect,as

④thatcomeshome.它就侧了身．倾听八垠；那一个一回家，它马上挺腰。

①②Thefixedfootatthecenterofthecircle.③④ThefootthatdrawsthecircumferenceofthecircleTolistentosb.sth.Part4：Stanza9：Suchwiltthoubetome,whomust,Like①th‘otherfoot,obliquely（倾斜）run;Thyfirmnessmakesmycircle②just,

③

Andmakes