专升本考试应掌握的句型

wouldratherthatsomebodydid…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示现在或将来的愿望)wouldratherthatsomebodyhaddone…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示过去的愿望)I'dratheryoupostedtheletterright I'dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase,wecouldspendmoretimetogether.我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有 I'dratherthatIhadn'tseenheryesterday.asif/though+主语+did/haddone…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去Ourheadteachertreatsusasifwewereherownchildren,soallthestudentsinourclassthinkhighlyofher.AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里"wish+宾语从句"表示过去的愿望：主语+had表示将来的愿望：主语+would/coulddoHowIwishwestudentshadmore timetorelaxourselves!我们学生多么希望有Ifailedinthemathsexam.HowIwishIhadn'twastedsomuch Whatapityyoucan'tgototheparty.HowIwishIcoulddancewithyouatthe

It'shigh/abouttimethatsomebodydid(shoulddo)(should通常不省略)…早就该……It'stimethatyouwenttoschool.=It'stimethatyoushouldgotoIt'shightimethatwedidsomethingtoimproveourenvironment.Ithinkit'shightimethatshemadeupher 情态动词+couldhavedone"本来可以……"(表示过去没有实现的可能)mighthavedone"本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事"(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责should/oughttohavedone"本来该做某事"(而实际未做shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone"本来不该做"(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)needn'thavedone"本来不必做"(但是已经做过了)wouldratherhavedone"当时宁愿做了某事"(实际没有做过);wouldrathernothavedone表达相反意思，两者都有表示"后悔"之意。as,though,although[注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。[参考倒装结构]请注意下列句式的变Although/ThoughI'myoung,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwantto→Youngas/thoughIam,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttoAlthough/ThoughIrespecthimverymuch,Icannotagreewithhis→Muchas/thoughIrespecthim,Icannotagreewithhisidea.虽然我很尊重他，但Although/Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot →Child(省略冠词)as/thoughheis,heknowsalotof characters.他虽然还是Althoughhetried,hecouldn'tsolvethe→Tryashemight,hecouldn'tsolvetheproblem.尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问Althoughitisraining,I'mgoingoutfora→Rainingasitis,I'mgoingoutforawalk.Strangeasitmayseem,nobodywasinjuredintheaccident.这次意外虽然显得不MuchasIwouldliketohelp,Ihavealottodo.虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有Objectasyoumay,Iwillgo.纵使 ，我也要去TherooffellbeforehehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisHeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.我还没有来得 ，他已经跑了Tomygreatdisappointment,myfavoritesingerlefttheconcertbeforeIcouldhaveawordwithher.Theywalkedabout tothewestbeforetheysawaTheworkersworkeddayandnightaboutthreedaysbeforeeverythingreturnedtoHealmostknockedmedownbeforeheknew他几乎撞到我了 WehadwalkedalongwaybeforewefoundsomeFiveyearswentbybeforeIknewit.Itwas+时间段+before…."过了多久才(怎么样)……"Itwasnotlongbefore…."不久，就……"Itwill(not)be+时间段+before…."要过多久(不久)……才……"(before从句谓语动词Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.不久他 他处境。Itwasfivedaysbeforehecameback.Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromtheschool.Itwillnotbelongbeforetheyunderstandeachother.incaseof…(+n.)"以防;万一incasethat…"以防，万一……"(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词 Incaseoffire,whatshouldwePleaseremindmeaboutitincaseIforget/shouldforget.Incase(that)Johncomes/shouldcome, lhimtoPleasetakeyourumbrellaincase(thatitrains/shouldrain).It强调句的基本构成：Itis/was++who(主要指人时)/that+ItItwhen,where或how,必须用that。Isawhiminthestreetyesterday→ItwasIwhosawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调主语→ItwasinthestreetthatIsawhimyesterdayafternoon.(强调地点状语→ItwasyesterdayafternoonthatIsawhiminthestreet.(强调时间状语→Itwashimthat/whoIsawinthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调宾语)Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhismothercame→ItwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttoHedidn'tdo untilhisfathercamebackfrom→Itwasn'tuntilhisfathercamebackfromworkthathedidhis Onlywhenyounearlylosesomeonedoyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvalue→Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeonethatyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.只有你快要失去某个人时，你 你是多么尊重他Iwaslateagainbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherush→ItwasbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherushhourthatIwaslate(because引导的原因状语从句，becausesince,as,for,owthat等Is/Wasit++who/that…?+is/was+it+who/Whatis/wasitthat…?Whois/wasitthat…?Whenis/wasitthat…?Whereis/wasitthat…?Whyis/wasitthat…?Howis/wasitthat…?Isawhiminthestreetyesterday→Whenwasitthatyousawhiminthe→Whowasitthatyousawinthestreetyesterday→Wherewasitthatyousawhimyesterdayafternoon?Idon'tknowwhenhewillcome→Idon'tknowwhenitisthathewillcomeback.(宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序-HowwasitthatyougotintouchwithMr.Smith?Smith先生联系上的-Troughafriendofmine.(1)、祈使句(表条件)+or/orelse/otherwise+主句(表结果)…"否则…，要不然…"(2)、祈使句(表条件)+and+主句(表结果)Hurryup,oryou'llbelateforPleasecallmeupbeforeyoucome,otherwise/orelse/orwemightbe你来之前打 ，否则，我们也许会出去ThinkitoverandyouwillfindtheGivehimaninchandhewilltake .Workhardandyouwillmakeprogresseveryday.Youaretostayuntil/tillyourmothercomesback.你得等到 回来Themeetingwasputoffuntilteno'clock.会议 十点钟Thevillagersdidn'trealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.→Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.(倒装句)等到湖里的鱼 了，村民们 污染是多么严重Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhismothercame→Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.(强调句Notuntilhefailedintheexamdidherealizethathehadwastedmuchtime computergames.NotuntilhissoncamebackfromschooldidhegotoIshallgotomorrowunlessitrains.-ShallTomgo y-Notunlesshehasfinished .Iwon'tgounlesshecomestoinvitemeIwon'tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited(=unlessIaminvited).除非被邀请，去参加的生 whenwhen除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有when引导并列分句，意思是"这时突然;就在那时"，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：(1)+beng…when…意思是"正在做某事这时……";(2)、主语+beabouttodo…when…;(3)、主语+beonthepointof(ng)OnedayChuckwasonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhis necrashed.有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飞行，这时他的飞机突然 Idon'tknowwhenhewillarrive.IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIwasinBeijing. Ibelievethetimewillsooncomewhentherewillbenoweaponsintheworld.我 IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardadrowningboycryforhelp.我正在河Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.Ihadjustfinishedmyexampaperwhenthebellrang,announcingtheclasswasr.我刚做完作业，下 了IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIwasinFrance. Ibelievethetimewillsooncomewhentherewillbenoweaponsintheworld.我 IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.我正在街上Iwaswalkingalongthestreets.JustatthemomentIcaughtsightofatailor'swhilewhile除了有"当/在……时候"的意思外(注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词!)(1)while=although"尽管"、"虽然"，引导让步状语从句;(2)while的意思是"然而;可是"，常用来表达对比关系。WhileIadmitthattheproblemisdifficult,Idon'tthinkthattheycan'tbeWhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehis WhileIwasangrywithher,Ididn'tlosemyWhileIunderstandyourviewpoint,Idon'tagreewithyou.虽然我了解你的见解，Iearnonly120dollarsaweek,whilesheearns180dollars.我一星期只赚120 [注意]where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,towhich,fromwhich等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.把书放回原处。Persistentpeoplebegintheirsuccesswhereothersendinfailure.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wheremenaregreedy,thereisneverpeace.人类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。Gowhereyoushould,keeponstudying.无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。Thatisthebuildingwheremyfatherworks.那是我父亲工作的大楼。YesterdayIwenttothedepartmentstore,whereImetmyteacher.昨天我去百货公That'swhereachangeisneeded.Wecouldseetherunnersverywellfromwherewestood.从我们所站的地方能很清Youshouldletyourchildren ywhereyoucanseethem.你应该让小孩在你的视线Potatoescanbegrownin ceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.=Potatoescanbegrownin ceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.(where引导定语从句)Potatoescanbegrownwhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.(where句whatwhat在英语中非常活跃,Whatisthepopulationoftheworld?世界的人口有多少?Whatdidyoupayforthispicture?这幅画你付 Whatismostimportantinlifeisn'tmoney.Willyoushowmewhatyoubought?可 所买的东西给我看一下吗Maryisnolongerwhatshewastenyearsago.Mary已经不是10asasas句子末尾。常用的结构有：asweallknow;asiswellknownto…;asisoftenthecase;asissaid/mentionedabove;ashasbeensaidbefore;asItoldyoubefore;asisevident;asoftenhappens;ascanbeseen;asis/wasexpected;asweexpect;asIcanremember[注意1]as[注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指"事先可以预料到的""料想到的"，表达"好"[注意3]asthesame…as…;such…as…;so/asThisisalsopartofyourwork,asItoldyoubefore.我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作Themanwasateacher,aswasevidentfromhiswayofspeaking.从那人说话的样Suchideasashehitsonareworthless.It'sthesamestoryasIheardfromheryesterday.Hewillmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind.他要尽可能找漂亮 结婚Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlywhich引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(单词或词组等，在句子中可以作主语、宾语动词或介词的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是不好的、事先没有预料到的"chYellowstoneNationalPark,whichisinWyoming,isoneofthemostbeautifulnationalparksintheworld.黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。Theclock,whichmygrandfatherbought,isstillingoodorder.这时钟是我祖父买Thepicture,forwhichhepaidanenormousamountofmoney,wasa那幅画他花了一大笔 ，却是幅赝品Shechangedhermindagain,whichmadeusallangry.她又改变了主意，这使我们大IlivedthreeyearsinParis,duringwhichtimeIlearnedFrench.我在巴黎住了三Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.天、疑问词+everwhatever,whoever,whichever,wherever,howevernomatterwhat,who,which,when,where,how连用。Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)mayhappen,weshallnotloseWhateverreasonsyou(may)have,youshouldcarryoutapromise.无论你有什么理Whoever(=Nomatterwho)comes,hewillbewarmly e.无论 Whenever(=Nomatterwhen)ithappened,itwascertainlynotWheneveryou(may)call,youwillfindhersittingbythewindow.无论什么时候你Wherever(=Nomatterwhere)hewent,hemadefriendswithWhichever(=Nomatterwhich)ofthemyoumanychoose,thequalitywillbethe

However(=Nomatterhow)hardIhavetried,Ican'tfindthe、whatever,whoever,whichever,whomevernoTakewhicheveryouwant.Wewilldowhateverwecantohelphimout.我们要尽力帮助他摆脱困境。I'llshowyouwhateveryouwanttosee.你想看什么我就给你看什么。Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.无论谁做这件事都要得到 Whoeverwalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.任何人在这种大雨中Youmayinvitewhomever(口语中常用whoever代替)youliketotheparty.你可以邀 Takewhatevermagazinesyouwanttoread.你可以取阅任何你想读的 here,there,out,in,up,down,now,then,awayTheregoesthebell!=Thebellisringing. Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.汽车来了。Nowcomesyourturntomakeashortspeech.Awaywentthethiefwhenhesaw Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.bego,come,rush,live,stand,主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Awayhewent.表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装;be,lie,stand,sit,come,walk,run,stopetc.不及物动词。[例句]Onahillinfrontofthemstandsagreatcastle.在他们面前的山上矗立着一座Infrontofthehousestoppeda car.房子的全面停着一辆 。Aroundthecornerwalksayoung man.拐角处有个年轻的 Underthetreesataboyofaboutten.在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。(表语)adj./v-ing/v-ed+(地点状语)+be(或其他动词形式Soadj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(sothat引导的句子不倒装!)(这种结构是半倒装句。)Presentatthemeetingwerethemanager,allthedesignersandtheFastenedtothepoleistheNationalflag.Hiddenbehindthedoorweresomenaughtychildren.Sittingatthebackoftheclassroomwereseveraloldteachers,listeningattentivelytothenewteacher.坐在教室后面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师的课。GonearethedayswhenfarmerslivedinthepoorTypicalfor isthecrosstalkshow,whereapairofcomediansentertainstheaudiencewithword y.相声 SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfSofastdoeslighttravelthatwecanhardlyimagineitsspeed.光运行非常快，我们否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little,seldom,hardly,rarely,scarcely,never,notatall,bynomeans(决不),atnotime(在任何时候都不)，nowhere,innocase(无论如何都不);notintheleast(=notatall),onnocondition(决不)NevershallIforgetAtnotimewasthemanawareofwhatwashappening.那个人根本没有注意到发生LittledidIunderstandwhathesaidtomeatthattime.我那时几乎没有明白他给我It'sbeyonddescription.Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquiet,beautifulNotasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam.他在考试中没有犯一个错误。Bynomeansaretheseworksofartsatisfactory.这些艺术品根本不能令人满意。Onnoconditionshouldyouvisitthat ce.你决不能去那个地方。notonly…,butalso…(前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装)Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenshipwastakenaway.不仅他拥有的一切被那走了，就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。Theysuggestednotonlyshouldweattendthepartybutalsogiveaperformance.他 Notonlyshouldwestudentsstudyhard,wealsoshouldknowhowtoenjoyourselvesinoursparetime.我们学生不仅要学习好，还应该知道在课余时间怎样享受生活。neither,norIfyoudon'tgotoseethemovie,neitherwillI.如果你不去 ，我也不去--Whydidn'tyoubuythe--Neitherwasthepricesatisfactory,nordidthecoloragreewithIdon'tlikehim,nordoIcareabouthim."only+状语"Onlywhenthewarwasoverdidhereturntowork.直 结束他才回去工作Onlyafteryouhavereachedeighteencanyoujointhearmy.你只有到了18Onlyinthatwaywillwebereadyforthechallengesandopportunitiesin，我们对生活中的机遇 才会有充分的准备Onlybychangingthewaywelivewillwebeabletosavethe[注意]only引导状语的时候使用，only引导主语的时候不用倒Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkouttheproblem.Onlythiswaycanhelpyouworkouttheproblem.只有这种方法才能帮你做出题so+be动词/助动词/情态动词等+主语"……也……"(表示肯定意思)neither/nor+动词/助动词/+"……也……"(表示否定意思)Sheisinterestedinthestory,soamI.Heenjoys yingtheguitar,sodoI.Isawthefilmlastnight,sodidhe.Inthepast20years,oursocietyhaschangedalot,sohaveoureatingTomdidn'tattendthemeetinglastnight;nordidMary.TomMaryIhaveneverbeenabroad.Neither/Norhas[比较1]"so++助动词"-Wehaveallworkedhardthese-Sowehave.(的确如此Ipromisedtohelphim,andsoIdid.(我确实帮助他了[比较2]"++so"ThewoundedlittleboyaskedmetolifthimupandIdidso.Thedoctorasked tobreathedeeplyandhedidso.soitiswithsomebody=it'sthesamewithsomebodyJohnlikesEnglishbuthedoesn'tlikemaths,soitiswithme(soitisthesamewithme).Tomisastudentandhestudieshard,soitiswith-Hewasreallymanlyenoughtoberesponsibleforwhathehaddone.他像个男子-Sohewas,andsoitwaswithyou.他的确如此，你当时也一样。(从句)If+were/did(动词的过去式)，(主句)+would/might/should/could+do(表IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotbesoproud.Idon'thavea .IfIhadone,itwouldbeconvenientformetogetintouchwithothers.IfIwereinyourposition,Iwouldthinkbetterofit.如果我处在你的位置，我会好(从句)If+haddone,(主句)主语+would/might/should/could+havedone(表示对过去或Whatapityitisthatyoudidn'tattendtheconcertyesterday!Ifyouhadattendedtheconcert,youwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger.Anyoneinhispositionwouldhavedonethe=Ifanyonehadbeeninhisposition,hewouldhavedonethesame.任何处在他位置(从句)If+were/did(动词过去式)/weretodo/shoulddo，(主句)主语+would/might/should/could+do(表示对将来的假设)Ifheshouldrefuse(=Ifheweretorefuse=Ifherefused),itdidn'tmatteratall.一 了，那也没关系Ifyoushouldn'tpassthecollegeentranceexamination,whatwouldyou万一高考不中，你该怎么办were,had,shouldif,把这些词放在句子前Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.Hadthedoctorcomeintimelastnight(=Ifthedoctorhadcomeintimelasttime),theboywouldhavebeensaved.昨天晚上要是医生及时到达，小孩就会得救。WereItogotothemoononeday,IwouldseeitwithmyownHadIenoughmoney(=IfIhadenoughmoney),Iwouldbuyalargerifonly"HowIwish+宾语从句"，意思是"但愿……;要Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要是能来就好了Ifonlywestudentsdidn'thavesomuch IfonlyIhadn'tbeensocarelessintheexam!我当时没有那么粗心就好了!ifitwerenotfor…(=wereitnotifithadn'tbeenfor…(=haditnotbeenfor…)"要不是因为有……;如果不是……"[注意]weren'titfor…)Ifithadn'tbeenfor(=Haditnotbeenfor)thedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboardwouldn'thavebeensaved.要不是船长一直坚强，船上的旅客就不会得救。Ifitwerenotforyourrichparents,youcouldn'tlivesoeasyalife.要不是你父母有Ifitwerenotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.如果不是因为经费问题，我"butfor+名词"和"butthat+从句"，意思是"倘若不是;要不是"，接虚拟语气Butforairandwater,nothingcouldlive.(=Iftherewerenoairorwater,nothi