2016年高考江苏卷英语试题及答案

2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）

英语

注意事项：

1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴

在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写

在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和

答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转

涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最

佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和

阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Havingabirthdayparty.

B.Doingsomeexercise.

C.GettingLydiaagift.

2.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?

A.Helptheman.

B.Takeabus.

C.Getacamera.

3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

A.TellKate’stostop.

B.CallKate’sfriends.

C.StayawayfromKate.

4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inawineshop.

B.Inasupermarket.

C.Inarestaurant.

5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?

A.Keepthewindowclosed.

B.Gooutforfreshair.

C.Turnonthefan.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选

项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小

题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatisthemangoingtodothissummer?

A.Teachacourse.

B.Repairhishouse.

C.Workatahotel.

7.Howwillthemanusethemoney?

A.Tohireagardener.

B.Tobuybooks.

C.Topayforaboattrip.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Schoolmates.

B.Colleagues.

C.Roommates.

9.WhatdoesFrankplantodorightaftergraduation?

A.Workasaprogrammer.

B.Travelaroundtheworld.

C.Starthisownbusiness.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?

A.Tobookahotelroom.

B.Toaskabouttheroomservice.

C.Tomakechangerstoareservation.

11.Whenwillthewomanarriveatthehotel?

A.OnSeptember15.

B.OnSeptember16.

C.OnSeptember23.

12.Howmuchwillthewomanpayforherroompernight?

A.$179.B.$199.C.$219.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whatisthewoman’splanforSaturday?

A.Goingshopping.B.Goingcamping.C.Goingboating.

14.WherewillthewomanstayinKeswick?

A.Inacountryinn.B.Inafive-starhotel.C.Inheraunt’shome.

15.WhatwillGordondoovertheweekend?

A.Visithisfriends.B.WatchDVDs.C.Jointhewoman.

16.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofGordon’scomingweekend?

A.Relaxed.B.Boring.C.Busy.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.WhoisWangMing?

A.Astudent.B.Anemployer.C.Anengineer.

18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthecollegejobmarketthisyear?

A.It’sunpredictable.B.It’squitestable.C.It’snotoptimistic.

19.Whatpercentageofstudentjobseekershavefoundajobbynow?

A.20%.B.22%.C.50%.

20.Whyareengineeringgraduatesmorelikelytoacceptajob?

A.Theyneedmoreworkexperience

B.Thesalaryisusuallygood.

C.Theirchoiceislimited.

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild______heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

答案是B。

21.Itisoftenthecase______anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.

A.whyB.whatC.asD.that

22.Moreefforts,asreported,______intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructural

reform.

A.aremadeB.willbemadeC.arebeingmadeD.havebeenmade

23.Manyyoungpeople,most______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochase

theirdreams.

A.ofwhichB.ofthemC.ofwhomD.ofthose

24.—Canyoutellusyour______forhappinessandalonglife?

—Livingeverydaytothefull,definitely.

A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt

25.Hedidnot_____easily,butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadviceforaworthycause.

A.approachB.wrestleC.compromiseD.communicate

26.______somepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearof

failure.

A.BecauseB.IfC.UnlessD.While

27.Ifit_____forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.

A.hadnotbeenB.shouldnotbeC.werenottobeD.shouldnothavebeen

28.Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage___withinthework.

A.tohideB.hiddenC.hidingD.beinghidden

29.Dashan,who______crosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitup

withtheWesternstand-uptradition.

A.willbelearningB.islearningC.hadbeenlearningD.hasbeenlearning

30.Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshave_____thankstothecomfortableclimate

forbusinesscreation.

A.fallenoffB.takenoffC.turnedoffD.leftoff

31.Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemost______statementsofhow,andonwhat

basis,dataarecollected.

A.explicitB.ambiguousC.originalD.arbitrary

32.—Onlythosewhohavealotincommoncangetalongwell.

—__________.Oppositessometimesdoattract.

A.IhopenotB.IthinksoC.IappreciatethatD.Ibegtodiffer

33.Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrento______theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.

A.gainadmissiontoB.keeptrackofC.takeadvantageofD.giveriseto

34.Notuntilrecently______thedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.

A.theyhadencouragedB.hadtheyencouraged

C.didtheyencourageD.theyencouraged

35.—Jackstillcan’thelpbeinganxiousabouthisjobinterview.

—Lackofself-confidenceishis______,Iamafraid.

A.Achilles’heelB.child’splayC.greenfingersD.laststraw

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答

题卡上将该项涂黑。

Yearsago,acriticaleventoccurredinmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.ImetKurtKampmeir

ofSuccessMotivationIncorporationforbreakfast.Whilewewere___36,Kurtasked

me,“John,whatisyour37forpersonalgrowth?

Neveratalossforwords,Itriedtofindthingsinmylifethatmight38forgrowth.Itold

himaboutthemanyactivitiesinwhichIwas39.AndIwentintoa40abouthowhardI

workedandthegainsIwasmaking.Imusthavetalkedfortenminutes.Kurt41patiently,but

thenhe42smiledandsaid,“Youdon’thaveapersonalplanforgrowth,doyou?”

“No,I43.

“Youknow,”Kurtsaidsimply,“growthisnota(n)44process.”

Andthat’swhenit45me.Iwasn’tdoinganything46tomakemyselfbetter.Andat

thatmoment,Imadethe47:Iwilldevelopandfollowapersonalgrowthplanformy

48.

Thatnight,Italkedtomywifeaboutmy49withKurtandwhatIhadlearned.I50her

theworkbookandtapesKurtwasselling.We51thatKurtwasn’tjusttryingtomakeasale.

Hewasofferinga52forustochangeourlivesandachieveourdreams.

Severalimportantthingshappenedthatday.First,wedecidedto53theresources.But

moreimportantly,wemadeacommitmentto54togetherasacouple.Fromthatdayon,we

learnedtogether,traveledtogether,andsacrificedtogether.Itwasa55decision.Whiletoo

manycouplesgrowapart,weweregrowingtogether.

36.A.workingB.preparingC.thinkingD.eating

37.A.suggestionB.demandC.planD.request

38.A.appealB.lookC.callD.qualify

39.A.involvedB.trappedC.lostD.bathed

40.A.lectureB.speechC.discussionD.debate

41.A.calculatedB.listenedC.drankD.explained

42.A.eagerlyB.graduallyC.gratefullyD.finally

43.A.admittedB.interruptedC.apologizedD.complained

44.A.automaticB.slowC.independentD.changing

45.A.confusedB.informedC.pleasedD.hit

46.A.onloanB.onpurposeC.onsaleD.onbalance

47.A.commentB.announcementC.decisionD.arrangement

48.A.lifeB.progressC.performanceD.investment

49.A.contractB.conversationC.negotiationD.argument

50.A.lentB.soldC.showedD.offered

51.A.recalledB.definedC.recognizedD.declared

52.A.toolB.methodC.wayD.rule

53.A.provideB.buyC.giveD.deliver

54.A.growB.surviveC.moveD.gather

55.A.difficultB.randomC.firmD.wise

第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答

题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

DayschoolProgram

SecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard(TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwo

e-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirday

school.

Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovativerelevantandinteractiveLearningenvironment.The

coursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation

Theseon-linecourses

aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers

arepartoftheTDSBStudent’stimetable;and

appearontheStudent’sreportuponcompletion

Benefitsofe-Learning

Include:

AccesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool

Usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation:and.

assistancetosolvetimetableconflicts

Ise-LearningforYou?

Studentswhoaresuccessfulinon-linecourseareusually;

abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;

capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner;and,

abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccess

Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldina

face-to-faceclassroomcourse.

56.E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.

A.theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachers.

B.theyarenotonthedayschooltimetable.

C.theyarenotincludedonstudents’reports.

D.theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses.

57.Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-learningcourses?

A.Tolearninformationtechnologyon-line.

B.Todotheirassignmentsindependently.

C.Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.

D.Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.

B

Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheir

territory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)to

helponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularly

declinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.Whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.

Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehe

canpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreateffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodfora

neighbortothenextcage,hewillpullatrandom---hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgets

fedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.

Humanchildren,ontheotherhandareextremelycorporative.Fromtheearliestages,they

decidetohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateaachievingcommongoals.The

psychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexpensivewithvery

youngchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanworriedadultwithhandsfulltrying

toopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.

Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenot

taught.butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoung

agebeforemostparentshavestartedtotrainchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthe

helpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocial

intelligence.Developsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive（认知的）skills,

atleastwhencomparedwithchimps..IntestsconductedbyTomtasell,thechildrendidnobetterth

anthechimpsonthephysicalworldtests,butwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocial

world

Thecureofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tinwhatTomasellocallswhat.Partof

thisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butthat,evenveryyoung

childrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthat

intendstoworktowardasharedgoal.

58.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?

A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.

B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.

C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.

D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.

59.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey____.

A.havetheinstincttohelpothers

B.knowhowtoofferhelptoadults

C.knowtheworldbetterthanchimps

D.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull

60.Thepassageismainlyabout____.

A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren

B.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionality

C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannature

D.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren

C

ElNifio,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermansho

noticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedthe

amountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsin

thewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,or

sometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.Richcountriesgainmorefrom

powerfulNifio,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNifioin1997helped

American’seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersinthe

Midwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefall

inpoorones.

ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱）insouth-east

Brazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtin

California,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.

ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamage

worth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchis

knownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseas

DevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecades

hasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisis

despiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Better

sewers(下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbad

stomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafter

floods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’s

harmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynot

becausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthat

thosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.Sincethepoorestareleastlikelyto

makeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethe

priority.

61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?

A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.

B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.

C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.

D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.

62.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?

A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.

B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.

C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.

D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.

63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction

B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid

C.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensation

D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst

64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.

B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.

C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.

D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.

D

Notsolongago,mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShellyAnnFrancisPrycewasgoingtobecome.

Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.Therewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanother

Americanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onepersonwantstochangethis.Stephen

Francisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShellyAnnasatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehad

seenthebeginningoftruegreatness.Hertimewerenotexactlyimpressive,butevenso,heseemed

therewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhad

assessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShellyAnnaplaceinhisverystricttraining

seasons.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearlateratJamaica’sOlympic

gamesinearly2008,ShellyAnn,whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beat

Jamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑).

“Wheredidshecomefrom?”askedanastonishedsprintingworld,beforeconcludingthatshe

mustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagain

withoutsigns.ButShellyAnnwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.Atthe

BeijingOlympicshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecoming

thefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metersOlympicgold.Shediditagainoneyearonat

theWorldChampionshipinBriton,becomingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73---thefourth

recordever.

Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcome

aboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbut

smoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica’stoughestinner-citycommunitiesknownas

Waterhouse,whereshelivedinaone-roomapartment,sleepingfourinabedwithhermotherand

twobrothers.Waterhouse,oneofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica,isareallyviolentand

overpopulatedplace.SeveralofShelly-Ann'sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings;one

ofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived.Sometimesherfamily

didn’thaveenoughtoeat.Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecouldn’t

affordshoes.HermotherMaxime,oneofafamilyoffourteen,hadbeenanathleteherselfasa

younggirlbut,likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse,hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby.

Maxime’searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationto

ensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse'sroundaboutofpoverty.Oneofthefirst

thingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack,andshewasreadyto

sacrificeeverything.

Itdidn'ttakelongforShelly-AnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.On

asummereveninginBeijingin2008,allthoselong,hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinally

borefruit.Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty,surrounded

bycriminalsandviolence,hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.

ButShelly-Ann’svictorywasfargreaterthanthat.ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing,

theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped.The

darkcloudaboveoneoftheworld’stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedfora

fewdays.“Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry,”Shellysaid.Sheplanstostartafoundation

forhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.Shehopestoinspire

theJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons.Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman’saswellasa

man’sworld.

AsMuhammadAliputsit,“Championsaren'tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefrom

somethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision.”OneofthethingsShelly-Ann

canbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.

65.WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachShelly-Ann?

A.Hehadastrongdesiretofreeherfamilyfromtrouble.

B.Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.

C.Shehadbigproblemsmaintainingherperformance.

D.Shesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets.

66.WhatdidthesprintingworldthinkofShelly-Annbeforethe2008OlympicGames?

A.Shewouldbecomeapromisingstar.

B.Shebadlyneededtosethighergoals.

C.Hersprintingcareerwouldnotlastlong.

D.Hertalentforsprintingwasknowntoall.

67.WhatmadeMaximedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrack?

A.Hersuccessandlessonsinhercareer.

B.HerinterestinShelly-Ann’squickprofit.

C.HerwishtogetShelly-Annoutofpoverty.

D.Herearlyentranceintothesprintingworld.

68.WhatcanweinferfromShelly-Ann'sstatementunderlinedinParagraph5?

A.Shewashighlyrewardedforherefforts.

B.Shewaseagertodomoreforhercountry.

C.Shebecameanathleticstarinhercountry.

D.Shewastheenvyofthewholecommunity.

69.BymentioningMuhammadAli’swords,theauthorintendstotellusthat____.

A.playersshouldbehighlyinspiredbycoaches

B.greatathletesneedtoconcentrateonpatience

C.hardworkisnecessaryinone’sachievements

D.motivationallowsgreatathletestobeonthetop

70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheMakingofaGreatAthlete

B.TheDreamforChampionship

C.TheKeytoHighPerformance

D.ThePowerofFullResponsibility

第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

AnExtensionoftheHumanBrain

Otherpeoplecanhelpuscompensateforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies(欠缺)，much

asawoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldeficiency.Tobeexact,otherpeoplecanextendour

intelligenceandhelpusunderstandandadjustouremotions.Whenanotherpersonhelpsusin

suchways,heorsheisparticipatinginwhatI’vecalleda“socialprosthetic(义肢的）system.”Such

systemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-face,andit’scleartomethattheInternetisexpandingthe

rangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.It’salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrent

state,theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgment.

Regardingmemory:OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet,Idon’tneedtokeepallthe

detailsforfutureuse—Iknowwheretofindthatinformationagainandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.

Moregenerally,theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory.ThisfunctionoftheInternetis

particularlystrikingwhenI’mwriting;I’mnolongercomfortablewritingifI’mnotconnectedtothe

Internet.It’sbecomenaturaltocheckfactsasIwrite,takingaminuteortwotodipintoPubMed,

Wikipedia,orotherwebsites.

Regardingjudgment:TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.For

example,whenI’mwritingatextbook,ithasbecomesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsof

akeyterm,whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.Butmorethanthat,Inow

regularlycomparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea“newidea,”Inowquicklylookto

seewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit,orsomethingsimilar—andIthencompare

whatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.Thiscertainlymakesmyownviewsclearer.Moreover,I

canfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseof

othersontheInternet.

TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebecomeevenmorestrikingsinceI’vebegunusinga

smartphone.Inowregularlypulloutmyphonetocheckafact,watchavideo,readweibo.Such

activitiesfillthespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsomebodytoarrivefora

lunchmeeting).

Butthat’stheupside(好处).ThedownsideisthatinthosedeadperiodsIoftenwouldletmy

thoughtsflowandsometimeswouldhaveanunexpectedinsightoridea.Thoseopportunitiesare

nowfewerandfartherbetween.

AnExtensionoftheHumanBrain

荫●The(71)▲canhelpmakeupforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies

asawoodenlegcancompensateforabodilydeficiency.

Aprostheticnature

•●It(72)▲inourdailyevents,extendingourintelligence,comprehending

ourfeelings,andexpandingtherangeofsocialactivities.

•●OntheInternet,wecouldquicklyandeasilylocatethedetails,andcheck

facts,without(73)▲theminmind.

Wonderfulaspects:

•●TheInternetmakesussmarterover(74)▲kindsofthings.Itprovidesa

memoryand

dozendefinitionsofakeytermforustofindthe(75)▲ofthematter.

judgment

•●TheInternetenablesustoexchangeideaswithmanyothersto(76)▲

ourclaims,andto(77)▲ouractions.

•●Smartphonesmakeiteasierandmore(79)▲tocheckreality,watchvideo

clips,readweibo.

The(78)▲sides•●Smartphones(80)▲thepossibilityfornewandinsightfulminds,andsteal

ofsmartphonesawayo