国际贸易实务4

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ChapterFour:DeliveryofGoods1.Deliveryvs.shipment.6.Partialshipment(UCP600a31)FeaturesoflinertransportCalculationofFreightFunctionsofB/LMainformsofB/Landtheirfeatures

Keyquestions1.2.Analyzetheword“Delivery〞vs.“shipment〞,whenaretheyofthesamemeaning,whenaretheythedifferentintheirnotion?Underwhatkindofcircumstancesthatashipmentwillnotberegardedaspartialshipment?UsethespecificArticleinUCP600concerningPartialShipmenttointerpretit.Comparelinertransportandchartertransport,whataresomefeaturesofthetworespectively?StatethestepsofcalculatingFreightforaninternationaltransaction.WhataresomeimportantfunctionsofaB/L?WhataresomeMainformsofB/Landusingsimplewordstodescribethekeyfeaturesofeach.

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ChapterFour:DeliveryofGoodsInexecutingthesalescontract,thebasictaskandobligationtotheexporteristodeliverorshipthedesignatedgoodsaccordingtothetime,placeandmethodofdeliveryorshipmentagreedupon;whilethebasictaskandobligationtotheimporteristomakethepaymentaccordingtothesalescontract.

Thedifferencebetweendeliveryandshipmentisthatdeliverydenotesthetransportandarrivalofthepurchasedgoodsatadesignateddestination;whileshipmentgenerallymeanstheloadingofthegoodsonboardacarrier.Evidently,bynomeanscandeliverybeaccomplishedwithouttheprocessofshipmentandthehelpoftransportation.Deliveryandshipmentarethusthetwotermswithdifferentdenotation.

(Ⅰ)TimeofShipmentTimeofshipmentreferstothetimelimitforloadingthegoodsonboardthevesselatportofshipment(ifshipmentismadebysea).

1.waysofstipulatingtimeofshipmenta.Shipmentwithinafixedtimeperiode.g.“ShipmenttobemadeduringMarch,2023〞b.Shipmentbasedonsomepremisee.g.“Shipmentwithin45daysafterreceiptofL/C〞c.Promptshipmentorimmediateshipment.

2.SomeexplanationonshipmentdateinUCP600

Iftheexpression“onorabout〞orsimilarexpressionsisused,bankswillinterpretthemasastipulationthatshipmentistobemadeduringtheperiodfromfivedaysbeforetofivedaysafterthespecifieddate,bothenddaysincluded.Eg:IftheL/CstipulatesthatshipmentdateisonoraboutMay15,2023,thenthegoodscanbeshippedbetweenMay10andMay20.Thewords“to〞,“until〞,“till〞,“from〞andwordsofsimilarexpressionsapplyingtoanydateorperiodinthecreditreferringtoshipmentwillbeunderstoodtoincludethedatementioned.Theword“after〞willbeunderstoodtoexcludethedatementioned.

Theterms“firsthalf〞,“secondhalf〞ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe15th,andthe16thtothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.Theterms“beginning〞,“middle

〞,or“end〞ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe10th,the11thtothe20th,andthe21sttothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.

(Ⅱ)Port/PlaceofShipmentPort/PlaceofDestinationPlaceofdeliveryreferstotheprescribedplacewherethegoodsaretobedeliveredtothebuyerorthecarrier.IncaseoftradeunderFOB,CIF,CForFCA,CIP,CPT,thedeliveryofthegoodsisdeemedasaccomplishedonlywhenthegoodsareloadedonboardthevesselsailingforthedestinationattheportofshipmentordeliveredtothecarriernominatedbythebuyeratthenamedplaceandthesignedbillofladingisobtainedandpresented.

Inexporttrade,itistheusualpracticetodesignateonlyoneportofshipmentinonetransaction.eg:Portofshipment:Shanghaiwhenlargeamountsofgoodsareinvolvedand,inparticular,thegoodsarestoredatdifferentplaces,twoormoreportsofshipmentarealsospecified.eg:Portofshipment:Shanghai/NingboSometimes,astheportofshipmentisnotyetdeterminedatthetimethetransactionisbeingconcluded,ageneralclauselike“Chinaports〞maybeused.

1.Port/PlaceofShipment

Pointsforattention

Theportofshipmentshallbeclosetotheoriginofthegoods.Theexportershouldalsotakeintoconsiderationtheportfacilitiesandstandardsoffreightandvariouscharges.

2.Port/PlaceofdestinationInmostcases,oneport/placeofdestinationisspecified.sometimestwoormoreports/placesareapplicable,asthecasemaybe.

PointsforattentionThestipulationoftheportofdestinationshouldbeclearandspecific.Avoidambiguousterminexpressingtheport:Europeanmainports;Iftheexporterhastochooseaportthathasnodirectlinertostopby,theexportershouldstipulate“transshipmenttobepermitted〞inthecontract;Avoidconfusioninexpressingtheport:portofVictoria;Avoidimpossibilityinselectionofport:⑴whetherthelineristocallattheport;⑵whethertheportiscapableforcontainerdischarge;⑶whethertheportissafe.

3.OptionalportsIfthebuyercannotdeterminetheportofdestinationwhenenteringthecontractwiththeseller,hecanuseoneofseveralportsastheportofdestinationincontract.

(Ⅲ)PartialshipmentTransshipment1.Partialshipmentmeansalargeamountofexportgoodsareinvolvedinonetransactionandareshippedinseverallotsbyseveralcarriersontodifferentmeansofconveyance.Theretwowaystostipulatethepartialshipment:

PointforattentionIfthecontractstipulatesthatpartialshipmentisallowed,thentheL/Ctermsmaybeoftwokinds:eitherpartialshipmentisallowed,orthereisnostipulationintheL/C,whichmeansallowingpartialshipments.Ifthecontractstip