2022-2023年陕西省咸阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022-2023年陕西省咸阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

SinceQuartzclocksarebothinexpensivetoproduceinmassscaleand______inperformance,theycontinuetodominatethemarket.

2.

Althoughthejobapplicantshavenotfinishedhighschool,theyarehighlylikelytobepromoted.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Thequalityofyourbackuptoolsdetermineswhetheryouarefrustratedor______whendisasterstrikes.

4.

It'snecessaryforustobackupoursystemsto______.

A.harddriveofthecomputer

B.CDsandputthemindesk

C.sometransferablemediumandputitsomewhereelse

D.remotenetworkserverswithwhichyouarenotfamiliar

5.Tobuildyouraudience,you'dbettercatchtheopportunitiestobeacquaintedwithpeopleandtrytocatchtheirattentiononyou.

6.

MarkTwaingothisfamebythework"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty".

A.YB.NC.NG

7.WhichyearisthefewestinviolationoffederalsmogstandardsinLosAngeles?

A.1976B.1979C.1990D.2004

8.AtHighTechHigh,______arehiredtoteachcomesonbiotechnologyorwebdesign.

9.Tsunami

UpuntilDecemberof2004,thephenomenaoftsunamiwasnotonthemindsofmostoftheworld'spopulation.ThatchangedonthemorningofDecember24,2004whenanearthquakeofmomentmagnitude9.1occurredalongtheoceanictrenchoffthecoastofSumatrainIndonesia.Thislargeearthquakeresultedinverticaldisplacementoftheseafloorandgeneratedatsunamithateventuallykilled280,000peopleandaffectedthelivesofseveralmillionpeople.Althoughpeoplelivingonthecoastlineneartheepicenteroftheearthquakehadlittletimeorwarningoftheapproachingtsunami,thoselivingfartherawayalongthecoastsofThailand,SriLanka,India,andEastAfricahadplentyoftimetomovetohighergroundtoescape.But,therewasnotsunamiwarningsysteminplaceintheIndianOcean,andalthoughothertsunamiwarningcentersattemptedtoprovideawarning,therewasnoeffectivecommunicationsysteminplace.Unfortunately,ithastakenadisasterofgreatmagnitudetopointoutthefailingsoftheworld'sscientificcommunityandtoeducatealmosteverypersonontheplanetabouttsunami.

HowTsunamisAreGenerated

ThereisanaverageoftwodestructivetsunamisperyearinthePacificbasin.Pacificwidetsunamisareararephenomenon,occurringevery10-12yearsontheaverage.Mostofthesetsunamisaregeneratedbyearthquakesthatcausedisplacementoftheseafloor.

Earthquakescausetsunamibycausingadisturbanceoftheseafloor.Thus,earthquakesthatoccuralongcoastlinesoranywherebeneaththeoceanscangeneratetsunami.Thesizeofthetsunamiisusuallyrelatedtothesizeoftheearthquake,withlargertsunamigeneratedbylargerearthquakes.Butthesenseofdisplacementisalsoimportant.Tsunamisaregenerallyonlyformedwhenanearthquakecausesverticaldisplacementoftheseafloor.The1906earthquakenearSanFranciscoCaliforniahadaRichterMagnitudeofabout7.1,yetnotsunamiwasgeneratedbecausethemotiononthefault(断层)wasstrike-slipmotionwithnoverticaldisplacement.Thus,tsunamionlyoccurifthefaultgeneratingtheearthquakehasnormalorreversedisplacement.Becauseofthis,mosttsunamisaregeneratedbyearthquakesthatoccuralongthesubductionboundariesofplates,alongtheoceanictrenches.SincethePacificOceanissurroundedbyplateboundariesofthistype,tsunamisarefrequentlygeneratedbyearthquakesaroundthemarginsofthePacificOcean.

ExamplesofTsunamiGeneratedbyEarthquakes

May22,1960-Amomentmagnitude9.5earthquakeoccurredalongthesubductionzoneoffSouthAmerica.BecausethepopulationofChileisfamiliarwithearthquakesandpotentialtsunami,mostpeoplealongthecoastmovedtohigherground.15minutesaftertheearthquake,atsunamiwitharun-upof4.5mhitthecoast.Thefirstwavethenretreated,draggingbrokenhousesandboatsbackintotheocean.Manypeoplesawthissmoothretreatoftheseaasasigntheycouldridetheirboatsouttoseaandrecoversomeofthepropertysweptaway,bythefirstwave.But,about1hourlater,thesecondwavetravelingatavelocityof166km/hrcrashedinwitharun-upof8m.Thiswavecrushedboatsalongthecoastanddestroyedcoastalbuildings.Thiswasfollowedbyathirdwavetravelingatonly83km/hrthatcrashedinlaterwitharun-upof11m,destroyingallthatwasleftofcoastalvillages.Theresultingcausalitieslisted909deadwith834missing.InHawaii,atsunamiwarningsystemwasinplaceandthetsunamiwasexpectedtoarriveat9:57AM.Ithitat9:58AMand61peopledied,mostlysightseersthatwantedtowatchthewaverollinatcloserange(obviouslytheyweretooclose).ThetsunamicontinuedacrossthePacificOcean,eventuallyreachingJapanwhereitkilledanadditional185people.

PredictionandEarlyWarning

Forareaslocatedat

A.YB.NC.NG

10.Inordertomeet______,low-incomeshoppersmustconsideralotoffactorswhenselectingfoodproducts.

11.

Apolicemancanstopacartolookforevidenceleadingtoasearchifhefindsitmatching______.

12.

MarkTwainbecamethemostoutstandingwriterofhistimebecauseheknewhispeopleandtheMississippiRiververywell,andheinheritedfromhismother______.

13.

Ourdreamstendtoinvolverecenthappeningstousandour______.

14.Whatdolocalresidentsclaimfor?

A.Theyaresickbecauseofyearsofpollution.

B.Theyaresickbecauseofindustriesontheirdoorsteps.

C.Theyaresickbecauseofpesticidesfromagriculture.

D.Theyaresickbecauseofairpollution.

15.

Hypertensioncanbecausedbythenoiselowerthan65db.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Geneticallymodifiedcropscanhelptoimprove______.

A.nutrientcontentsandfarmingproductivity

B.beta-carotenecontentsinrice

C.vitaminAandironelementsincrop

D.attributiontoresistinsects

17.

Americans'shortcomingsinsciencearevast,andunfortunately______ismakingeffortstodefeatthem.

18.

DennisandIlah'sincomeisatmid-levelinthesociety.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,______,butheendedhisdaysin______.

20.Awedding-planningworkermaybethesourceofhiscolleague'sangerbecause______.

A.thelatterisjealousoftheformer'shappiness

B.thelatterhastodosomeoftheformer'swork

C.theformermayforcethelattertohelpwiththewedding

D.thelattertendstomakemistakesundertheformer'sinfluence

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：M:Ireallydon'tknowwhattodothissummer.Ican'taffordtojustsitaround,andtheredon'tseemtobeanyjobsavailable.

W:Whydon'tyoutryhouse-sitting?lastsummermyfriendMargarethouse-satfortheDoddswhentheywentawayonvacation.Mr.DoddhiredMargarettostayintheirhousebecausehedidn'twantitleftempty.

M:YoumeantheDoddspaidMargaretjusttoliveintheirhouse?

W:Itwasn'tthateasy.Shehadtomowthelawnandwaterthehouseplants.AndwhenErichouse-satforDr.Cohen,hehadtotakecareofherpats.

M:House-sittingsoundslikeagoodjob.IguessIt'slittlelikebaby-sitting—exceptyou'retakingcareofahouseinsteadofchildren.

W:Thestudentemploymentofficestillhasafewjobsposted.

M:DoIjusthavetoofilloutanapplication?

W:MargaretandErichavetointerviewwiththehomeownersandprovidethreereferenceseach.

M:Thatseemslikealotoftroubleforasummerjob.

W:Well.Thehomeownerswantsomeguaranteethattheycantrustthehouse-sitter.Youknow,theywanttomakesureyou'renotthetypewho'llthrowwildpartiesintheirhouse,ormoveagroupoffriendsinwithyou.

M:House-sitterswhodothatSortofthingprobablyaren'tpaidthen.

W:Usuallythey'repaidanyway,justbecausethehomeownersdon'twanttomakeafuss.Butifthehomeownerreportedit,thenthehouse-sitterwouldn'tbeabletobetanotherjob,Sowhydon'tyouapply?

M:Yeah,IthinkIwill.

(20)

A.Gotosummerschool.

B.TakeaVacation.

C.Stayathome.

D.Earnsomemoney.

22.

【B10】

23.(45)

24.(39)

25.(43)

26.(32)

A.Itishardfortheoldergenerationtounderstandtheyoung.

B.Itispossibleforyoungpeopletoliveahealthierlife.

C.Alifestyle.freefromthepoisonsoflifeisworthstrivingfor.

D.Youngpeoplewillliveahealthierlifeiflefttomaketheirownchoices.

27.(26)

A.3%to4%.B.4%to5%.C.4%.D.3%to5%.

28.(29)

A.Youngpeoplecouldn'taffordtheirowntuitioninthe1970's.

B.Fewerparentscouldaffordtosendtheirchildrentocollegeinthe1970's.

C.It'sdifficultforgraduatesfromcollegestofindajobinthe1970's.

D.Institutionsofhighereducationdependmainlyongovernmentinthe1970's.

29.(13)

A.Onepiece.B.Twopieces.C.Threepieces.D.Fourpieces.

30.听力原文：W:I'mgoingtoleaveworkearlytoday.There'sadebatethiseveningat6o'clock.SoI'mgoingtogetanearlydinnerandheadoverthere.

M:Who'sdebatingaboutwhat?

W:Thetwocandidatesforthestatesenatearegoingtoanswerquestionsfromreporters.TheDailyNewsissponsoringtheevent.Membersoftheaudiencewillalsohaveachancetoaskquestions-somaybeI'llspeak,too.

M:Oh,soyou'reinterestedinpolitics.Areyouhelpingoneofthem?

W:No,IjustwanttolearnmoreaboutthecandidatessoIcanmakeaninformeddecision.

M:Well,Idon'tthinkI'llbevoting,soIguessIwon'tbotherwiththat.

W:Whyaren'tyougoingtovote?

M;Oh,myonevotedoesn'tmatter.

W;Sureitdoes!

M:Well...besidesthat...Idon'tthinkthatanyofthepoliticiansthesedaysrepresentmyideas.I'dliketoseethegovernmentsupportguaranteedloansforpeoplewhowanttostartsmallbusinesses.I'vewantedtoopenmyownbakeryforyearsandIcan'tgelaloan.

W:Youknowwhat?That'soneoftheissuesthey'llprobablydiscusstonight.Oneofthecandidateswantstaxbreaksforlargecompanies.Hesaysthatwillcreatemorejobs.Theothercandidateownsarestaurant.Shewantstostartprograms,topromotemoresmallbusinesses.

M:Hmm...Whatdoyouknow?MaybeIshouldshowuptheremyself.

(23)

A.Tosupportoneofthecandidates.

B.Toremindpeopletovote.

C.Towriteanewspaperarticle.

D.Tohearmoreaboutthespeakers'ideas.

31.(14)

A.Ataschool.

B.Atabank.

C.Atagasstation.

D.Atahospital.

32.(21)

A.Interviews.

B.Televisionads.

C.Playingwithchildren.

D.Speeches.

33.(25)

A.Theyhavestoredsomemoneyfortheirdaughter'sschooling.

B.Theybothwentabroadwithouttellingtheirdaughter.

C.Theypreventtheirdaughterundertakinganypart-timejob.

D.Theybothlosttheirlivesinthesameterribleaccident.

34.(34)

A.1,530.000.B.930,000.C.600,000.D.105,800,000.

35.【B3】

36.(44)

37.

【B6】

38.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Ihaven'treadtoday'snewspapersyet.MayIhaveitwhenyou'refinished?

W:I'llgiveittoyoufightaway.I'llgocheckthedinneranyway.

Q:Whatisthewomandoingwhilereadingnewspapers?

(12)

A.Sheishavingdinner.

B.Sheiswaitingforatelephonecall.

C.Sheislisteningtomusic.

D.Sheiscookingdinner.

39.(36)

A.Shakespearewasnotinterestedinmakingaprofit.

B.Shakespearecouldgetone-tenthoftheprofitsoftheGlobeTheater.

C.Shakespeare,likehisfellowwriters,hadnobusinesssense.

D.Shakespeare'sfellowwriterssharedthesameprofitsashedid.

40.听力原文：M:Youlikelivinginthecity,don'tyou?

W:Oh,Iloveit.It'sso,convenient.Icantakethebustowork,orthesubway,orthetaxi.Andthereissomuchtodo.

M:Iknowwhatyoumean.I'dliketoliveinthecity,buttoliveinthesuburbsisbetterforchildren.

W:Well,therearealotofgoodthingsaboutsuburbanliving.But,asaworkingwoman,Ithinkacityhasalltheconveniences…includingthebestfoodandfastestnews.

M:Buttherearemoretrees,grassandfreshairinthesuburbs.

W:Yeah,butlivinginacity,it'sconvenienttogoeverywhere.Therearelotsofmoviehouses,theatersandsoon.Youcantakethemtothesuburbsontheweekends.

M:Yeah,childrenaretherightage.Therearelotsofthingsforthemhere.

W:Youareright.TheyareatthelibraryinBrooklyn.Andtheycomebackhomeforlunch,thengouptowntotheMuseumofNaturalHistory.Thereissomuchforyoungpeople,toseeanddo.

M:Notjustforyoungpeople.Whataboutme?I'veneverbeentotheMuseumofNaturalHistory.

W:NeitherhaveI.WhenIwasachild,IusedtogototheMuseumofArt.

M:I'vebeenthereseveraltimes.Twicewithchildren.

W:Well,Ihaveanidea.Nextweekend,wegototheMuseumofNaturalHistory.

M:Ok,that'sreallyaveryniceidea.

(23)

A.Theyarelookingforanapartmenttolivein.

B.Theyarediscussinglivingplacesandchildren'seducation.

C.Theyarecomplainingabouttheirchildren.

D.Theyareplanningforthenextweekend.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,oursocietyis,ingeneral,becomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主义的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinerynowadays.Theoilingisoftendonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotcompletelyalterthefactthatmanhasbecomemoreandmorepowerless,andthenthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandwhite-collarworkershavebecomeeveneconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomaticmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Boththeworkerandemployeeareveryanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinlifeatall.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellassubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain--bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalongwith,ect.Thisneedstoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreateconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionendinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities--thoseofallloveandreason--aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

Bysaying"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"(sentence1,Para.1),theauthorsuggeststhatmanis______,thoughfunctioningsmoothly.

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

CharlieBellbecamechiefexecutiveofMcDonald'sinApril.Withinamonthdoctorstoldhimthathehadcolorectalcancer.AfterstockmarkethoursonNovember22nd,thefast-foodfirmsaidhehadresigned;itwouldneedathirdbossinunderayear.Yetwhenthemarketopened,itssharepricebarelydippedthenedgedhigher.Afterall,McDonald'shad,again,shownhowtoactswiftlyanddecisivelyinappointinganewboss.

Mr.BellhimselfgotthetopjobwhenJimCantaloupediedofaheartattackhoursbeforehewasduetoaddressaconventionofMcDonald'sfranchisees.Mr.CantaloupewasaMcDonald'sveteranbroughtoutofretirementinJanuary2003tohelpremodelthefirmaftersalesbeganfallingbecauseofdirtyrestaurants,indifferentserviceandgrowingconcernaboutjunkfood.Hedevisedarecoveryplan,backedbymassivemarketing,andpromotedMr.Belltochiefoperatingofficer.WhenMr.Cantaloupedied,arapidlyconvenedboardconfirmedMr.Bell,a44-year-oldAustralianalreadywidelyseenashisheirapparent,inthetopjob.Theconventiongotitspromisedchiefexecutive'saddress,fromthefirm'sfirstnon-Americanleader.

YetwithinweeksexecutiveshadtothinkaboutwhattodoifMr.Bellbecametooilltocontinue.PerhapsMr.Bellhadthesamethingonhismind:heusuallyintroducedJimSkinner,the60-year-oldvice-chairman,tovisitorsasthe"steadyhandatthewheel".NowMr.Skinner,anexpertonthefirm'soverseasoperations,becomeschiefexecutive,andMikeRoberts,headofitsAmericanoperations,joinstheboardaschiefoperatingofficer.

IsMr.Robertsnowthenewheirapparent?Maybe.McDonald'shasbroughtinsupposedlyhealthierchoicessuchassaladsandtoastedsandwichesworldwideand,insteadofrelyingformostofitsgrowthonopeningnewrestaurants,hasturnedtoupgradingits31,000existingones.Americahasdonebestatthis;underMr.Roberts,like-for-likesalestherewereupby7.5%inOctoberonayearearlier.

Thenewteam'staskistokeeptherevitalizationplanoncourse,especiallyoverseas,wheresomeAmericanbrandsaresaidtofacepoliticalhostilityfromconsumers.Thisisabigchallenge.Isaninhousesuccessionthebestwaytotackleit?Mr.SkinnerandMr.Robertsarebothcompanyveterans,havingjoinedinthe1970s.Somerecentacademicstudiesfindthattheplannedsuccessionofanewbossgroomedfromwithin,suchasMr.Bellandnow(arguably)Mr.Roberts,producesbetterresultsthanlookinghastily,oroutside,forone.McDonald'ssmoothhandlingofitsserialmisfortunesatthetopcertainlyseemstoprovethepoint.Evenso,everyoneatMcDonald'smustbehopingthatitwillbealongtimebeforethefirmfacesyetanothersuchemergency.

ThemainreasonfortheconstantchangeatthetopofMcDonaldis______.

A.theboard'sinterference

B.thefallingsales

C.thehealthproblemsofthechiefexecutives

D.theconstantchangeofitsshareprice

43.

Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat______.

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

44.Peopletalkedaboutapromisingidea:usingtheelectricalwiringalreadyinthehousetomovedatafromroomtoroom.Oneearlyapplication,theX10systemforcontrollinglightsandappliances,didn'talwaysworkwell.Thetechnologywascertainlynotreadytobeusedtobringwebpagestocomputersanywhereinthehouse.

Alongcamethewirelessnetwork.For$50,youcouldgettheInternetsprayedacrossthehouseandneverbeconfinedbyacordtothewall.Itwasslowinthoseearlydays,veryunreliable,andopentointerruptionifyoucouldn'tbotherwithsettinguptheencodedpasswords.

Butitcaughton.AccordingtoestimatesmadebyParksAssociates,amarketresearchfirmbasedinDallas,about12.5millionhomesnowhavewirelessnetworks;another10millionhomes,mostlynewerones,haveEthernet(以太网).

Cheapandprevalentisahardcombinationtobeat.However,technologycompaniescontinuedtoworkontheidea.AversionforpowerlinescalledHomePlugcameoutin2002,andwhileithardlyaffectedsalesofwirelessnetworkequipment,itsoldenoughthatmajorcompanieslikeIntel,Cisco,Sony,SharpandComcastcreatedtheHomePlugAlliancetopushfornext-generationproducts,withthefirsttocomeoutlaterthisyear.

Somecompaniesarenotwaiting.Panasonic,Netgear,Marantzarealreadyofferingproductsthatwillmovedatathroughhomeelectricallinesfasterthanrouters(路由器)usingthecurrentWi-Fistandardforwirelessnetworking.

PanasonicstartedsellingitsHD-PLCEthernetadaptersforpowerlineslastmonth.OneadapterisattachedtoarouterwithashortEthernetcableandpluggedintoanearbywallsocket.Theseconddeviceispluggedintoasocketelsewhereinthehouse.WhenacomputerislinkedtoitwithanEthernetcable,dataistransmittedthroughthehome'selectricalwiringatspeedsofupto190rnegabits(兆位)asecond.

Netgearwillbesellingasimilarsystemnextmonthforabout$300.Itmovesdataataslightlyfasterrate.

MarantzsaysitsZR6001SPreceiverwillsendmusictospecialspeakersinanotherroomoverpowerlines.Thesystemincludesbothdevices.ThemusiclistenercontrolsthereceiverandtheCDplayersconnectedtoitfromacontrolpadonthespeakers.

Theseproductsseemhopelesscandidates.Whowouldliketopaytwoorthreetimesexpensivethanwirelessnetwork?Theanswerliesinsimplicity."It'swhymostpeopleneedus,"Robertsaid,notingthecomplexityofinstallingawirelessnetworkisevidentbythefactthatreturnratesonwirelessnetworkingdevicesdroptonearlyzero.Thethreeproducts'makerssaidthatpeoplewhocannotgetwhole-housecoveragewithawirelesssystemorthoseplaguedbydeadzonesmightfinditappealing.

Thepromisingideamentionedinthefirstparagraph_______.

A.hasmaturetechnologytosupportit

B.hasastableearlyapplication—theX10system

C.istotransmitdatabypowerlineswithinthehouse

D.fosteredproductswhichaffectedwirelessnetwork

45.

【C2】

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Haveyoueverbeenaskedtotakeapolygraphtestforajob?Apolygraph,alsocalledaliedetector,isadevicethatisusedtofindoutifsomeoneistellingalie.Itisbasedonthebeliefthatlyingcausescertainphysicalreactions.Thesereactions,whichincludeachangeinbloodpressureandpulserate,aremeasuredbythepolygraph.

Liedetectortestsareoftenusedincourtandintheworkplace.However,alawthatwenteffectinDecember1988limitsthewaysthatemployerscanusethesetests.Employerscannolongerusethemtoscreen(审查)peoplewhoareapplyingforjobs.Theonlyexceptionisforthosewhowantgovernmentjobsassecurityguardsordrughandlers.Also,managerscannolongeraskworkerstotakesuchtestsunlessthereisreasonablesuspicionthattheworkerhasstolenordamagedproperty.Thiswillcurbtestsforsuspectedoffenses,suchasdruguseorsexualharassment,andforworkerswhoweremerelyintheareaofatheft.Bosseswhorequestliedetectortestswillhavetotellworkerswhytheyaresuspectedofanoffense.Also,theymaynotaskquestionsthatdegradeworkers,suchasquestionsabouttheirsexlives.

Inanycase,accordingtothenewlaw,thetestisnowvoluntary:Youcan'tbefiredforrefusingtotakeit.Ifyouhavebeenforcedtotakeapolygraphtest,orifyouarenotbeinggivenapromotionbecauseyouhaverefusedtotakethetest,youcansuethecompanyorfileacomplaintwiththeDepartmentofLabor.TheDepartmentofLaborcanfineemployersupto$10,000.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

47.

Thepilotshipprovedthattheexperimentwasfeasible;however,itdidnotduplicatethe______.

A.depthsatwhichactualminingwouldtakeplace

B.principleofahugevacuumcleaner

C.methodbywhichthenoduleswereproduced

D.techniquesofrefiningtheore

48.FreshwaterlifeitselfhasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversinceTheOldTestament(旧约全书),Godpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain.Watersuppliesherehavebeendwindling.Therainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiaridland,leavingthesoiltobakeandtothirstfornextNovember.

Theregion'sacceleratingpopulation,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigherlivingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsavailability.Warandmismanagementwasteit.SaidJoyceStartoftheGlobalWaterSummitInitiative,basedinWashington,D.C."NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyaresuingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheiragriculture,andultimatelytheirfoodsecurity,isthreatened."

Icameheretoexaminethiscrisisinthemaking,toinvestigatefearsthat"waterwars"areimminent,thatwaterhasreplacedoilastheregion'smostcontentiouscommodity.FormorethantwomonthsItraveledthroughthreerivervalleysandsevennations—fromsouthernTurkeydowntheEuphratesRivertoSyria,Iraq,andontoKuwait;toIsraelandJordan,neighborsacrossthevalleyoftheJordan;tothetimelessEgyptianNile.

Evenamidthescarcitytherearehavesandhave-nots.ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,whichin1990hadfreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmeters(2.6milliongallons)ayearforeachcitizen,Iraqhad5,500,Turkeyhad4,000,andSyriahadmorethan2,800.Egypt'spotentialwasonly1,100.Israelhad460.Jordanhadameager260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,becauseupstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.

Scarcityisonlyoneelementofthecrisis.Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsomewater-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.Someexpertssuggestthatifnationswouldsharebo