2023年宁夏石嘴山三中高考英语三模试卷-普通用卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023年宁夏石嘴山三中高考英语三模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AForhighschoolstudents，justthinkingaboutyourcareerprobablyisn'tenough.Youhavetoactivelydosomeresearchandplan.Herearesomeofthebestcareersforthefutureandhowyoucangetyourfootinthedoor.

RegisteredNurses

Tobecomeregisterednurses，you'regoingtoneedeitheranassociatedegreeinnursing，aBachelorofScienceinnursing，oranotherofficiallyapproveddiploma（文凭）fromanursingprogram.Ifyouwanttobeapracticingphysician，you'llneedamedicaldegreeinyourchosenfieldontopofyourfour-yeardegree.

DataAnalysts

Bigdataisagrowingfieldwithprofitableopportunitiesforcollegegraduates.Youarerequiredtohaveamaster'sdegreeincomputerscienceoranotherrelatedfield.Datascienceisatraditionallymale-dominatedindustryandonly26percentareheldbywomen.Thankfully，itisholdingoutanolivebranchtofemalesandtherearesometerrificprogramsspeciallydesignedforthemtobreakintothisdynamicfield.

Plumbers（管道工）andElectricians

Notallofthebestcareersforthefuturewillrequireafour-yearundergraduatedegree.There'saseriousdemandforskilledpositionsjobslikeplumbersandtechnicians.Manyofthesepositionsrequireahighschooldegreeandoftenanassociatedegreeinarelatedfield，butdon'tnecessarilyrequiregraduationfromafour-yearuniversity.

Cybersecurity（网络安全）Experts

Theaveragesalariesforcybersecurityexpertscanstartat﹩80，000forITSecurityConsultantsandcanreachsixfiguresforotherpositionssuchasasecuritydirector.Thebestwaytostartyourpathincybersecurityiswithabachelor'sdegreeincomputerscience，informationtechnology，engineering，orotherrelatedfields.1.Inwhichjobwillthegenderdistributionprobablybemorebalanced？______A.DataAnalysts. B.RegisteredNurses.

C.CybersecurityExperts. D.PlumbersandElectricians.2.Tobeacybersecurityexpert，whichisthebasicrequirement？______A.Amaster'sdegreeincomputerscience.

B.Acertificateofhighschoolgraduation.

C.Abachelor'sdegreeininformationtechnology.

D.Adiplomaofficiallyapprovedfromamedicalprogram.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom？______A.Ahealthlecture. B.Aschoolwebsite.

C.Ajobadvertisement. D.Asciencemagazine.BASwedishcompanytrainingcrowstopickuplitterinexchangeforfood，claimsthatitsprogramcouldsavecommunitiesafortuneincleaningcosts.

Teachinghumansnottothrowcigarettebuttsonthestreethassofarprovenimpossible，butaSwedishcompanyclaimsitcanteachcrowstopickupafterusandsavelocalcommunitiesmillionsofdollarsincleaningfeeseveryyear.Itteacheswildcrowstodoourdirtyworkthroughastep-by-steplearningprocessbyrewardingthebirdswithfoodforeverycigarettebutttheycollect.

"Theyareeasiertoteachandthereisalsoahigherchanceofthemlearningfromeachother.Atthesametime，there'salowerriskofthemmistakenlyeatinganyrubbish，"companyfounder，Hanssen，said."They'rewildbirdstakingpartinonavoluntarybasis."

CrowsareamongthesmartestbirdsonEarth，andsuchtrainingprogramshaveprovensuccessfulseveraltimesinrecentyears.Infact，thecompanyissoconfidentitcanpullitoffthatithasexpressedinterestintestingitinonalargerscale，inthetownofSödertälje.

Hanssenbelievesthattheinitiativecouldsavethemunicipality（自治市）atleast75%ofthecostsinvolvedwithpickingupcigarettebutts，dependingonhowhardthecrowswork.Ifitprovessuccessful，thecompanyhopesthatitwillprovideapermanentcleaningsolutionthatcanbeusedinotherpartsofthecountryandeventuallynationwide.

Theapproachtolittercleaninghasgottenpositivefeedbackonline，buttherearethosewhothinkthefactthatwecantraincrowstopickupcigarettebults，butwecan'tgethumansnottothrowthemawayishardtoaccept.Plus，therearethehealthproblemsofconstantlyexposingthebirdstothecigarettebutts.4.Whatistheadvantageoftheprogram？______A.Itcansavefood.

B.Ithelpsprotectbirds.

C.Itcansavemoney.

D.Ithelpschangepeople'sbadbehavior.5.Whyarecrowschosenfortheprogram？______A.Theyhaveastrongsenseofsmell.

B.Theyhaveastrongabilitytolearn.

C.Theyaregoodatcollectingrubbish.

D.TheyareinlargenumbersinSweden.6.Whatcanweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs？______A.Theprogramcandoharmtothecrows.

B.Onlyafewpeoplesupporttheprogram.

C.Thecompanycangetafortunefromtheprogram.

D.Theprogramhasservedasacleaningsolutionnationwide.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.CrowsLearntoExchangeFood

B.CrowsAreGoodatCollectingLitter

C.CrowsBegintoFeedonCigaretteButts

D.CrowsAreTrainedtoPickUpLitterC

Scientistshaveinventedanewtypeofbatterythatmakesitpossibletochargeelectricvehiclesinlessthan10minutes.Theinnovativedesignforlithiumion(锂离子)batteriesinvolvesa"record-breakingcombination"ofshorterchargetimeandmoreenergyacquiredforlongertravelrange,accordingtothePennStateUniversityresearcherswhocameupwithit.

"Theneedforsmaller,faster-chargingbatteriesisgreaterthanever,"saidProfessorChaoyangWangfromPennStateUniversity,wholedtheresearch."Therearesimplynotenoughbatteriesandcriticalrawmaterials,especiallythoseproduceddomestically,tomeetexpecteddemand."

Thefast-chargingtechnologymakesitpossibleforelectricvehiclestodownsizefrom150to50kWhwithoutshorteningrange,makingthemcheaperandmoreefficient."Thesmaller,faster-chargingbatterieswilldramaticallycutdownbatterycostandusageofcriticalrawmaterials,suchascobalt,graphiteandlithium,enablingmassadoptionofaffordableelectriccars,"saidProfessorWang.

Thebreakthroughcentresonanovelmethodforcontrollingthetemperatureofthebattery,whichisneededtooptimiseitschargetimeandperformance.Untilnow,

this

hasinvolvedextremalheatingandcoolingsystemsthatareinefficientandwasteenergy.

Regularbatterieshavethreecomponents—ananode,anelectrolyteandacathode—butthefast-chargingsystemaddsafourththatbuildsinthetemperaturecontrolsystem.Anultrathinlayerofnickel(超薄镍层)actsasastimulustocontrolthebattery'stemperature,allowingfor10-minutefastchargingforelectriccars.

"Truefast-chargingbatterieswouldhaveimmediateimpact,"theresearchersnoted,"sincetherearenotenoughrawmaterialsforeveryinternalcombustion(燃烧)enginecartobereplacedbya150kWh-equippedEV,fastchargingisvitalforEVstogomainstreamandbecomeaccessibletothepublic."8.Whatisthemainfeatureoftheinnovativebattery?A.Longertravelrange. B.Widerrecyclableuse.

C.Shortenedchargetime. D.Moreenergyconsumed.9.Whatdoes"this"refertoinparagraph4?A.Thebattery'schargetime.

B.Thebreakthroughinbatteries.

C.Thebattery'sperformance.

D.Themethodoftemperaturecontrol.10.Whydoestheauthormentionregularbatteryinparagraph5?

A.Toexplainareason. B.Togiveinstructions.

C.Tomakecomparison. D.Tohighlightanopinion.11.Whatdotheresearchers'wordsimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Electricvehiclesdependgreatlyonrawmaterials.

B.Thefast-chargingbatterieshaveapromisingfuture.

C.The150kWh-equippedEVsareboundtogomainstream.

D.Internalcombustionenginecarswilleventuallybereplaced.D

InJapan'snortheastMiyagicounty,residentscanfindlifepartnersviaagovernment-sponsored,ArtificialIntelligence-drivenmatchmakingservice.Throughouttheland,therearepublicandcompany-sponsoredsinglespartiesand"lifedesignworkshops"meanttourgeyoungadultsontoaconcretetimelineformarriageandfamily.ThecityofTokyoeventeachesbasicdatingskills,suchastheartofconversation.

Japanhasthefastest-agingpopulationofanypost-industrialnationonearth.Thecurrenttotalbirthrate—theaveragenumberofchildrenthatwouldbeborntoawomanoverherlifetime—is1.3,wellbelowthe"replacementlevel"of2.Ikidsperwoman,whichisbroadlyacceptedastherateneededtoensureastablepopulation.

AperiodicsurveybytheNationalInstituteofPopulationandSocialSecurityResearchfoundclosetoafifthofmenandabout15%ofwomenexpressingdisinterestinmarriage.AlmostathirdofmenandafifthofwomenintheirfiftiesinJapanhaveneverbeenmarried.

Thecountry'sleadershipisconvincedthatmoremarriagesaretheanswer,soJapan'snewChildrenandFamiliesAgency,settolaunchinApril,willoffer"marriagesupportservice"ineachofJapan's47counties.

ButmanyexpertssaytheonlywayJapancanreallysaveitselfisbygettingridofthe"malebreadwinner,femalecarer"norms(准则)thatcontinuetosupportpolicymakingandcorporatemanagement."Post-industrialcountries(likeSweden)thatmadeitpossibletobalanceworkandfamilyhavenotsufferedlargedeclinesinbirthrates."HarvardsociologistMaryBrintonnotedinarecentpresentation.

​​​​​​​

ProfessorMasahiroYamada,asociologistatChuoUniversity,isdoubtfulwhetherJapanwillescapeitsexistentialcrisis."It'snotaproblemofmatchmaking.It'sanissueofmoremenwithunstableincomes,"hesaid."Evenamongregularworkers,relativeincomesarefalling."

LowerincomesarefarmoreofadiscouragementtomarriageinEastAsiathanintheU.S.orEurope,Yamadasays,asAsianmenputmoreemphasisonunilaterally(单方面)earningenoughtosupportchildren.Atrulyeffectivepolicy,heargues,woulddoubleortripleinvestmentinfamilies,insteadofseniors."Japanisgoingtosink,rightalongwithitsbirthrate,"hewarned."AndSouthKoreaandChinawillberightbehindus."12.What'sthefunctionofAI-drivenmatchmakingservice?A.Toofferaplatformforseekinglifepartners.

B.Toupdatethecountry'sbasicdatingservice.

C.Tosponsorresidentstoattendsinglesparties.

D.ToteachyoungJapanesehowtogoondates.13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraphs2and3?A.BirthrateinJapanishigherthanagingrate.

B.Japan'spopulationstructureisoutofbalance.

C.MostoftheJapanesedislikechildrenorseniors.

D.WomenarelesslikelytomarrythanmeninJapan.14.WhatdoesMasahiroYamadathinkofthematchmakingservice?A.Itleadstoanincreaseofincome.

B.Ittouchesthesurfaceoftheissue.

C.ItsavesJapanfromthepresentcrisis.

D.ItdepartsfromJapan'sexistingnorm.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CanJapanincreaseitsbirthrate

B.WilltheservicecatchoninJapan

C.WillJapanesemen'sincomesrise

D.CanJapanesebalanceworkandfamily二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Chinesepeoplemaynotbethatfamiliarwithsportstourism，butitisoneofthefastestgrowingpartsoftourism，becauseanincreasingnumberofpeopleareexpressingtheircuriosityinsportseventsduringtheirtripsevenifsportsarenotthekeyreasonoftheirtravel.（1）______.

Sportstourismreferstotourisminvolvingparticipationinorwatchingsportseventsandstayinginanenvironmentdifferentfromtheusualtouristhotelsorresorts.（2）______.Atthattime，peopletraveledtoOlympiatowatchorparticipateinOlympicraces.Modernsportstourism，ontheotherhand，surfacedinthe1990s.

（3）______.Thereisalsoalackofresearchtostudyitstruepotential.However，giventhatChineseauthoritiesattachgreatimportancetopeople'shealth，sportstourism，inmanyways，canmeetpeople'sdemandforbothleisureandphysicalactivity.

Ruraltourism，onekindofsportstourism，whichconsistsoffishing，hiking，horseridingandotheroutdooractivities，isexpandingquickly.Thisformoftourismhasbeenattractingmanytourists.（4）______.

Sportstourismisaboomingindustrytoday，withanannualgrowthrateofabout15percentglobally.（5）______.Therapidgrowthofsportstourismwillhelpmeetpeople'sleisureneedsandboostthehigh-qualitydevelopmentinChina.

A.ButsportstourismisstillanemergingareainChina.

B.Peoplearepayingmoreattentiontosafetyintravel.

C.InChina，however，thegrowthrateis30-40percentdespiteaslowstart.

D.However，thisareahaslongdrawnpeople'sattentioninChina.

E.Marathons，hiking，cyclingandcampingfallintheareaofsportstourism.

F.Itplaysavitalroleinruralconstruction.

G.TheoriginofsportstourismcanbetracedbacktoAncientGreece.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）

Fromthewindowofmyroom,Icouldseeatallcotton-rosehibiscus（木棉树）.Inspring,whengreenleaveswerehalf(21)inmist,thetreelookedveryattractive，(22)withredflowers.Thisinspiringneighborofmineoften(23)mymindworking.Iregardeditasmybestfriend(24).

However,whenIopenedthewindowonemorning,tomyamazement,thetreewasalmost(25)beyondrecognitionasaresultofthestorm(26)thenightbefore.Iwasseizedwithasuddensorrowatthethought"alltheflowersaretofall".Icouldnothelp(27)withemotion:thecourseoflifeneverruns(28),fortherearesomanyupsanddowns(29)twistsandturns.Theprocessofmylifesawmybelovedfriendspartingoneafteranother.Isn'tit(30)totheflowersfallingoffthetreeinthewind?

Thisevent(31)frommymemoryastimewentby.OnedayafterIcamehome,Ifoundtheroomhardtobreatheinandopenedthewindow(32).Somethingoutsidecaughtmy(33)andimpressedme.Itwasaplumtree（李树）withflowers(34)beautifullybythesunset.Thesurprisediscoveryfilledmewithpleasure.Iwondered(35)Ihadnoideaofsometoughliferestartingoverthefallenpetals（花瓣）whenIfeltsorryforthehibiscus．

Whenthelastpetal(36),alltheadmirationforthehibiscusdisappearedasifnothingwasleft,untilthelandscapewasagaindecoratedwiththeredplumflowersto(37)peopleoflife'salternationandcontinuity.Can'titbesaidthatlifeisactuallyasymphony,aharmonious(38)oflossandgain.

Standingbythewindowlostinthoughtforalongtime,Irealizedthatnosceneryintheworldremains(39).Aslongasyoukeepyourheartbathedinthesun,everydawnwillpresentafinestartforyouandtheworldwillalwaysbeabout(40)hopes.21.

A.buried B.hidden C.placed D.trapped22.

A.dotted B.surrounded C.covered D.marked23.

A.observed B.prevented C.set D.bore24.

A.regularly B.generally C.narrowly D.gradually25.

A.bare B.vacant C.blank D.empty26.

A.effect B.fault C.damage D.feast27.

A.sighing B.yelling C.swearing D.teasing28.

A.lucky B.simple C.smooth D.cozy29.

A.asmanyas B.aswellas C.ratherthan D.regardlessof30.

A.due B.contrary C.familiar D.similar31.

A.sank B.quit C.matured D.faded32.

A.merely B.actively C.casually D.fiercely33.

A.eye B.nose C.soul D.mind34.

A.setup B.setoff C.putup D.putoff35.

A.why B.if C.how D.when36.

A.slipped B.dropped C.quit D.broke37.

A.remind B.warn C.convince D.rid38.

A.division B.dilemma C.composition D.conflict39.

A.unlimited B.unchanged C.unspoiled D.unexpected40.

A.vain B.practical C.previous D.fresh四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.KangYu，a24-year-oldvolunteerteacherinaremotetowninthemountainsofYunnanprovince，wasteachingcalligraphytotheeighthgraderswhenallof（1）______sudden，thecloudsseemedtoburstandtheelectricitywentout.（2）______（see）thatthestudentswerestaringattherain，Kang（3）______（instant）gotaburstofinspiration.

Shetoldthemtogooutside，underashelter，toenjoytherainandcomebacktowritesomethinglikeapoem.Much（4）______hersurprise，theworkswrittenbythestudentswerefarbeyondherexpectations!

Inspiredbythatclass，Kangfoundedthenon-profitorganization，EnlightenOurFuture，tohelpChineseyoungstersimprovetheirmentalwell-beingandtheirexamgradesthroughpoetrycompositionand（5）______（appreciate）.Shemanagedtopersuade13schools（6）______（adopt）the"Four-SeasonPoetryLessons"project，withateachingplan，contentandmethodssheprovided.Sofar，thepoetrylessons（7）______（design）bytheorganizationhavehelped68，000studentsin823primaryandmiddleschools，mostlyinpoorareas.NowEnlightenOurFuture（8）______（run）bythreefull-timeworkers，includingKang，60part-timeworkers，280backupsandmorethan1，000volunteers.

What'sgreataboutpoetryisthatitcanhelponetofindan（9）______（effect）waytocommunicatewithoneself，shesays."（10）______theyneedisnotsympathy，butrecognition，whichIthinkwillinfluencetheirwholelife."五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Manyteenagershavedifficultgettingalongwiththeirfathers.Icanfullyputmyselfyourshoes，asIonceexperiencedthesameproblem.Youcantrythefollowedsuggestions.

Bepatientwithyourfather.Youtwomusthavemisunderstoodeachanother.Thekeytosolvetheproblemisregularandhonestcommunication.Explainyouractionsandfeelingscalmly，listencarefully，andaddressherconcerns.Besides，youshouldtryyourbesttoseeingthingsfromhispointofview.Onlyinthesewayscanyourmisunderstandingsbeclearup.Youwilllearntobackdownandwhatyourfatherwillrelax.Withalittlebitofpatienceandcommunication，muchoftheseproblemscanbesolved.六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）43.高三学生毕业在即，你校英文报拟开设PassionateSeekers专栏，向全校高三学生征集稿件。请你回忆高中阶段的学习生活，以一次难忘的经历为题写一篇短文投稿。

内容包括：

（1）事情的经过；

（2）你的感受或收获。

注意：

（1）词数100左右

（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

AnUnforgettableExperience

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、B【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段Data

science

is

a

traditionally

male-dominated

industry

and

only

26

percent

are

held

by

women.Thankfully，it

is

holding

out

an

olive

branch

to

females

and

there

are

some

terrific

programs

specially

designed

for

them

to

break

into

this

dynamic

field.

（数据科学是一个传统上由男性主导的行业，女性仅占26%。值得庆幸的是，该公司向女性抛出了橄榄枝，有一些很棒的项目专门为她们设计，帮助她们进入这个充满活力的领域。）可知，工作的性别分布可能更均衡的是数据分析师。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第五段The

best

way

to

start

your

path

in

cybersecurity

is

with

a

bachelor's

degree

in

computer

science，information

technology，engineering，or

another

related

field.（

开始你的网络安全之路的最佳方式是获得计算机科学、信息技术、工程或其他相关领域的学士学位。）可知，要成为网络安全专家，基本要求是信息技术学士学位。故选C。

（3）文章出处题。根据第一段For

high

school

students，just

thinking

about

your

career

probably

isn't

enough.You

have

to

actively

do

some

research

and

plan.Here

are

some

of

the

best

careers

for

the

future

and

how

you

can

get

your

foot

in

the

door.（对于高中生来说，仅仅考虑自己的职业生涯可能是不够的。你必须积极地做一些调查和计划。以下是一些未来最好的职业，以及你如何进入这扇门。）

可知，下文内容是讲给高中生的，目的是让高中生提前进行职业规划。所以推测此篇文本选自学校网站内容。故选B。

本文是一篇应用文。文章为高中生介绍了四种职业规划。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】C、B、A、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段ASwedishcompanytrainingcrowstopickuplitterinexchangeforfood，claimsthatitsprogramcouldsavecommunitiesafortuneincleaningcosts.（瑞典一家公司训练乌鸦捡垃圾换食物，该公司声称该项目可以为社区节省一大笔清洁成本。）可知，这个项目的优点是它可以省钱。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Theyareeasiertoteachandthereisalsoahigherchanceofthemlearningfromeachother.Atthesametime，there'salowerriskofthemmistakenlyeatinganyrubbish，"companyfounder，Hanssen，said."They'rewildbirdstakingpartinonavoluntarybasis."（"他们更容易教，也有更高的机会互相学习。同时，他们误吃垃圾食品的风险也降低了。"公司创始人汉森说。"它们是自愿参与的野生鸟类。"）可知，选择乌鸦参加这个项目是因为它们有很强的学习能力。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Plus，therearethehealthproblemsofconstantlyexposingthebirdstothecigarettebutts.（此外，经常让鸟儿接触烟头也会带来健康问题。）可知，从最后两段我们可以知道这个项目可能会对乌鸦造成伤害。故选A。

（4）标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及第一段ASwedishcompanytrainingcrowstopickuplitterinexchangeforfood，claimsthatitsprogramcouldsavecommunitiesafortuneincleaningcosts.（瑞典一家公司训练乌鸦捡垃圾换食物，该公司声称该项目可以为社区节省一大笔清洁成本。）以及最后一段Theapproachtolittercleaninghasgottenpositivefeedbackonline，buttherearethosewhothinkthefactthatwecantraincrowstopickupcigarettebults，butwecan'tgethumansnottothrowthemawayishardtoaccept.（清理垃圾的方法在网上得到了积极的反馈，但也有人认为，我们可以训练乌鸦捡起烟头，但我们不能让人类不把它们扔掉，这是很难接受的。）可知，文章主要讲的是瑞典一家公司训练乌鸦捡垃圾换食物，可以省下一大笔清洁成本。故文章最好的标题是"乌鸦被训练来捡垃圾"。故选D。

这是一篇说明文。主要报道了瑞典一家公司训练乌鸦捡垃圾换食物，该公司声称该项目可以为社区节省一大笔清洁成本。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】C、D、C、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型电池——创新电池。它的主要特点是缩短充电时间。快速充电电池前景广阔。

1.

根据第一段中的Scientistshaveinvented...arecord-breakingcombinationofshorterchargetimeandmoreenergyacquiredforlongertravelrange（科学家们发明了一种新型电池，可以在不到10分钟的时间内为电动汽车充满电。锂离子电池的创新设计包括破纪录地结合更短的充电时间和更多的能量，以实现更长的旅行范围）可知，创新电池的主要特点是缩短充电时间。故选C。2.

根据第四段中的Thebreakthroughcentresonanovelmethodforcontrolingthetemperatureofthebattery,whichisneededtooptimiseitschargetimeandperformance.（这一突破集中在一种控制电池温度的新方法上，这是优化充电时间和性能所必需的。）和Untilnow,this

hasinvolvedexternalheatingandcoolingsystemsthatareinefficientandwasteenergy.（到目前为止，这涉及到效率低下且浪费能源的外部加热和冷却系统。）可知，划线的this指代的是“温度控制的方法。”故选D。3.

根据第五段内容（普通电池有三个组成部分——阳极、电解液和阴极——但快速充电系统增加了第四个组成部分，它内置在温度控制系统中。一层超薄的镍作为刺激物来控制电池的温度，使电动汽车可以在10分钟内快速充电。）可知，作者在第5段提到常规电池是为了进行比较。故选C。4.

根据最后一段中的Truefast-chargingbatterieswouldhaveimmediateimpact,（真正的快速充电电池会立竿见影）和Sincetherearenotenoughrawmaterialsforeveryinternalcombustion(燃烧)enginecartobereplacedbya150kWh-equippedEV,fastchargingisvitalforEVstogomainstreamandbecomeaccessibletothepublic.（由于没有足够的原材料来取代每辆内燃机汽车，配备150千瓦时的电动汽车，快速充电对于电动汽车成为主流并为公众所接受至关重要。）可知，最后一段研究者的话暗示了“快速充电电池前景广阔。”故选B。

12~15.【答案】A、B、B、A【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本由于老龄化严重及出生率低的问题引进了人工智能驱动的婚介服务及专家对于日本能否提高出生率的问题的探讨。

1.

根据第一段第一句In

Japan's

northeast

Miyagi

county,residents

can

find

life

partnersviaa

government-sponsored,Artificial

Intelligence-driven

matchmaking

service.（在日本东北部的宫城县，居民可以通过政府资助、人工智能驱动的婚介服务找到生活伴侣。）可知，人工智能驱动的婚介服务给人们提供了一个找到生活伴侣的平台。故选A。

2.

根据第二段内容（日本是世界上人口老龄化速度最快的后工业化国家。目前的总出生率—一名妇女一生中生育的孩子的平均数量—为1.3，远低于每名妇女生育2.1个孩子的“更替水平”，这一水平被广泛接受为确保人口稳定所需的水平。）以及第三段内容（美国国家人口与社会安全研究所的一项定期调查发现，近五分之一的男性和约15%的女性表示对婚姻不感兴趣。在日本，近三分之一的50多岁男性和五分之一的女性从未结过婚。）可知，日本老龄化严重，生育率低，人口结构不平衡。故选B。

3.

根据第六段第二句It's

not

a

problem

of

matchmaking.It's

an

issue

of

more

men

withunstableincomes.（这不是做媒的问题。这是一个关乎收入不稳定的男性越来越多的问题。）可知，MasahiroYamada认为人们不想结婚不是因为找不到伴侣，而是因为收入问题，故他认为婚介服务只触及了问题的表面，并不能从根本上解决问题。故选B。

4.

根据第一段第一句In

Japan's

northeast

Miyagi

county,residents

can

find

life

partnersviaa

government-sponsored,Artificial

Intelligence-driven

matchmaking

service.（在日本东北部的宫城县，居民可以通过政府资助、人工智能驱动的婚介服务找到生活伴侣。）说明日本引进婚介服务旨在促使年轻人结婚生子，并结合下文二三段对日本人口情况的介绍，及后文专家对于解决出生率低的问题的探讨可知，本文主要针对日本能否提高出生率的问题进行了讨论。选项A（日本能提高出生率吗？）符合本文标题。故选A。

16~20.【答案】E、G、A、F、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文Chinesepeoplemaynotbethatfamiliarwithsportstourism，butitisoneofthefastestgrowingpartsoftourism，becauseanincreasingnumberofpeopleareexpressingtheircuriosityinsportseventsduringtheirtripsevenifsportsarenotthekeyreasonoftheirtravel.（中国人可能对体育旅游不太熟悉，但它是旅游业增长最快的部分之一，因为越来越多的人在旅行中表达了对体育赛事的好奇，即使体育不是他们旅行的主要原因。）可知，本段主要引出话题，介绍体育旅游增长速度快，很多游客对其感兴趣。E项"马拉松、徒步旅行、骑自行车和露营都属于体育旅游领域。"对体育旅游进行举例，进一步对体育旅游进行介绍，符合上下文语境。故选E。

（2）推理判断题。根据下文Atthattime，peopletraveledtoOlympiatowatchorparticipateinOlympicraces.（当时，人们前往奥林匹亚观看或参加奥运会比赛。）可推知，此处应描述过去的事情，与运动旅游的起源有关，且奥林匹亚是希腊的一个城市，因此G项"运动旅游的源头可追溯到希腊"符合语境。故选G。

（3）段落大意题。根据上文Modernsportstourism，ontheotherhand，surfacedinthe1990s.（另一方面，现代体育旅游在20世纪90年代浮出水面。）以及下文Thereisalsoalackofresearchtostudyitstruepotential.However，giventhatChineseauthoritiesattachgreatimportancetopeople'shealth，sportstourism，inmanyways，canmeetpeople'sdemandforbothleisureandphysicalactivity.（目前还缺乏对体育旅游真正潜力的研究。然而，鉴于中国当局非常重视人民的健康，体育旅游在许多方面可以满足人们对休闲和体育活动的需求。）可知，此空位于段首，且衔接上文，应概括中国体育旅游的发展状况，因此A项"但体育旅游在中国仍然是一个新兴领域。"可概括段意。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据上文Ruraltourism，onekindofsportstourism，whichconsistsoffishing，hiking，horseridingandotheroutdooractivities，isexpandingquickly.Thisformoftourismhasbeenattractingmanytourists.（乡村旅游是一种体育旅游，包括钓鱼、徒步旅行、骑马和其他户外活动，正在迅速发展。这种旅游形式吸引了许多游客。）可知，本段说明乡村旅游迅速发展也有有利的一面，因此F项"它在农村建设中发挥着至关重要的作用"符合语境。故选F。

（5）推理判断题。根据上文Sportstourismisaboomingindustrytoday，withanannualgrowthrateofabout15percentglobally.（如今，体育旅游是一个蓬勃发展的行业，全球年增长率约为15%。）可知，这里说明体育旅游的发展速度问题，因此C项"然而，在中国，尽管起步缓慢，但增长率仍为30-40%"与上文呼应，符合语境。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前体育旅游在旅游行业中发展比较快，受到很多人欢迎。这个行业在中国起步较晚，但发展迅速。体育旅游在中国的发展有助于满足人们的休闲需求，推动中国进一步高质量的发展。

七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~40.【答案】B、A、C、D、A、C、A、C、B、D、D、C、A、B、A、B、A、C、B、D【解析】【文章大意】本文是议论文。主要讲述了作者通过树木的突然受损，花凋落引起的启迪，联想到人生也是这样，没有什么是不变的，世界每天都在发生着变化。

1.

句意：在春天，当绿色的叶子半隐在雾中，树看起来很迷人，点缀着红色的花朵。A．buried埋葬；B．hidden掩藏；C．placed放置；D．trapped围困。根据后文句子the

tree

looked

very

attractive，

可见是当绿色的叶子半掩在雾中的时候，所以选B。

2.

句意同上。A．dotted遍布；B．surrounded环绕，包围；C．covered覆盖；D．marked标记。这里描述的是红色的花遍布树上的时候，所以选A。

3.

句意：这位鼓舞人心的邻居经常让我动脑筋。A．observed观察；B．prevented阻止；C．set设立；D．bore盯着看．根据后文句子

I

regarded

it

as

my

best

friend（4）把木棉树看成是最好的朋友，可见这个邻居应该是经常让我下定决心工作，setone'sminddoing是下决心干某事，所以选C。

4.

句意：渐渐地，我把它当成了我最好的朋友。A．regularly有规则地；B．generally总体地；C．narrowly狭窄地；D．gradually逐渐地。根据上句Thisinspiringneighborofmineoften(3)mymindworking.可知渐渐地我把木棉树看成了自己最好的朋友，所以选D。

5.

句意：然而，一天早晨，当我打开窗户时，令我惊讶的是，由于前一晚的暴风雨破坏，那棵树几乎光秃秃的，已经认不出来了。A．bare秃的；B．vacant空闲的；C．blank空白的；D．empty空的．根据后文句子a

result

of

the

storm（6）Cthe

night

before．暴风雨之后，树几乎是秃了，所以选A。6.

句意同上。A．effect影响；B．fault错误；C．damage破坏；D．feast盛宴。根据thetreewasalmost(5)beyondrecognition可知是一场暴风的破坏，所以选C。7.

句意：我不禁感慨:人生的道路从来就不是平坦的，有那么多的起伏，也有那么多的曲折。A．sighing叹气；B．yelling叫喊；C．swearing咒骂；D．teasing戏弄．根据前文句子

I

was

seized

with

a

sudden

sorrow

at

the

thought

"all

the

flowers

are

to

fall"．

应该是禁不住地叹气，所以选A。8.

句意同上。A．lucky幸运的；B．simple简单的；C．smooth平的；D．cozy舒适的。根据后文句子for

there

are

so

many

ups

and

downs，可见生活从来就不是平坦的，所以选C。9.

句意同上。A．asmanyas多达；B．aswellas和；C．ratherthan而不是；D．regardlessof尽管．ups

and

downs和twists

and

turns是并列的，aswellas可以表示并列，所以选B。10.

句意：难道这不象风中的花朵从树上落下吗？A．due预定的；B．contrary相反的；C．familiar熟悉的；D．similar相似的。根据上句Theprocessofmylifesawmybelovedfriendspartingoneafteranother.可知与风中的花朵从树上落下是相似的，所以选D。11.

句意：随着时间的流逝，这件事逐渐从我的记忆中消失了。A．sank下沉；B．quit停止；C．matured成熟；D．faded褪色，变淡。根据后文astimewentby可知前文提到的关于木棉树的事变淡，所以选D。12.

句意：一天回家后，我发现房间里很难呼吸，就随手打开了窗户。A．merely仅仅；B．actively积极地；C．casually偶然地，随意地；D．fiercely恶劣地。根据句中Ifoundtheroomhardtobreathein可知是随手打开了窗户，所以选C。13