英语作文注意此部分试题在答题卡1上作答

PartIWriting(30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceoflearningbasicskills.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheetPartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear 8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)ThemanhasleftagoodimpressiononherTheman’snsandT-shirtsareThemanshouldbuyhimselfanewThemancandresscasuallyfortheA)Itsprice.C)ItsB)Itscomfort.D)ItsA)Itisaroutineoffer.C)ItisnewontheB)Itisquite D)ItisagoodA)Readthenoticeonthewindow.C)GoandasktheB)BoardthebustoCleveland.D)GetanewbusA)HeisashamedofhispresentHeiscarelessabouthisHechangesjobsHeshaveseveryotherA)ThewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesThewomanknowshowtodealwiththeThewomanhadviolatedtrafficThewomanisgoodatfindingA)ShegothurtinanaccidentShehastogotoseeaSheisblackandblueallShestayedawayfromworkforafewA)ShewillaskDavidtotalkShewillmeetthemanSheissorrythemanwillnotShehastoinviteDavidtotheQuestions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)BeautifulsceneryintheAsportheparticipatesDangersofcross-countryPainandpleasureinA)Hecan’tfindgoodexamplestoillustratehisHecan’tfindapeacefulcetodotheHecan’tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofHedoesn’tknowhowtodescribethebeautifulcountryA)NewideascomeupasyouMuchtimeisspentoncollectingAlotofeffortismadeinThewriter’spointofviewoftenQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Havingherbicyclerepaired.C)LecturingonbusinessB)HostinganeveningTVprogram.D)ConductingamarketA)Herepairedbicycles.C)HeworkedasaB)Hecoachedinaracingclub.D)HeservedasaA)HewantedtobehisownHedidn’twanttobeintoomuchHedidn’twanttostartfromHefounditmoreA)Theyarealltheman’sfriends.C)TheyarepaidbytheB)Theyworkfivedaysaweek.D)TheyallenjoySectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheysharedmutualfriendsinTheyhadmanyinterestsinTheysharedmanyextracurricularTheyhadknowneachothersinceA)Atalocalclub.C)AttheboardingB)AtJoe’shouse.D)AtthesportsA)DurablefriendshipscanbeverydifficulttoOnehastoberespectfulofotherpeopleinordertowinSocialdivisionswillbreakdownifpeoplegettoknoweachItishardforpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsto efriends.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheartofJapanesebrushpainting.C)CharacteristicsofJapaneseB)SomefeaturesofJapaneseculture.D)TheuniquenessofJapaneseA)Tocalmthemselvesdown.C)ToshowtheirB)Toenhance D)TosignallackofA)HowspeakerscanmisunderstandtheHowspeakerscanwinapprovalfromtheHowlistenersindifferentculturesshowHowdifferentWesternandEasternartformsare.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheymistakethefirefightersforTheydonotrealizethedangertheyareTheycannothearthefirefightersfortheTheycannotseethefirefightersbecauseoftheA)HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscoHeoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringaHetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutHeprovidesoxygenmasksto ofA)HeisverygoodatpublicHerescuedastudentfromabigHegivesinformativetalkstoyoungHesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonA)KidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofInformativespeechescansaveCarelessnesscanresultinFirefightersyanimportantroleinAmerica.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhaveAlmosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more26 ,lessafraidofwhathedoesn’tknow,betteratfindingand27 moreconfident,resourceful(的),persistentand28 thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling–or,unlessheisveryunusualandverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand29 theworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-typeformalinstruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand30 thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe31 oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit–babiesdon’tevenknowthatlanguageexists–andhehasfoundouthowitworksandlearnedtouseit32 .Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelohisownmodelofthegr roflanguage,by33 andseeingwhetheritworks,bygraduallychangingitand34 ituntilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeenngthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,includingmanyofthe“35 ”thattheschoolsthinkonlytheycanteachhim,andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingOneinsix.Believeitornot,that’sthenumberofAmericanswhostrugglewithhunger.Tomaketomorrowalittlebetter,FeedingAmerica,thenation’slargest36hunger-relieforganization,haschosenSeptemberasHungerActionMonth.Aspartofits30Waysin30Daysprogram,it’sasking37acrossthecountrytohelpthemorethan200foodbanksand61,000agenciesinitsnetworkprovideeindividualsandfamilieswiththefueltheyneedto38It’sthekindofworkthat’sdoneeverydayatSt.Andrew’sEpiscopalChurchinSanAntonio.Peoplewho39 atitsfrontdooronthefirstandthirdThursdaysofeachmontharen’tlookingforGod–they’rethereforsomethingtoeat.St.Andrew’srunsafoodpantry(食品室)that40 thecityandseveralofthe41 JanetDraneisitsInthewakeofthe ,thenumberoffamiliesinneedoffoodbegantogrow.Itis43 that49millionAmericansareunsureofwheretheywillfindtheirnextmeal.What’smostsurprisingisthat36%ofthemlivein44 atleastoneadultisworking.“Itusedtobethatonejobwasallyouneeded,”saysSt.Andrew’sDrane.“Thepeopleweseenowhavethreeorfourpart-timejobsandthey’restillrightontheedge45 accumulateI)circlingJ)communitiesK)competitionL)domesticM)financiallyN)formallyO)SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.UniversitiesBranchAsneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshave einstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerful globalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesamesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universities emoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Ofthe sshahighereducationnoneismoresweethanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelotodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelocountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andin manynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinentAndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelcestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareersYaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshathewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchin,andgraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.AsaresultofitsstrengthinsciencetheUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornew,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld, ernmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheForallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeen unsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundis butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia, SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyas ingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthat ingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStates eambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityas inginternationaluniversitystudents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。AmericanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbythemchancesforinternationalstudyorSincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.ThewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofOfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.TheU.S.federalfundingforresearchhasbeenunsteadyforAroundtheworld,ernmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.Present-dayuniversities ea forglobalWhenforeignstudentsleaveAmerica,theywillbringAmericanvaluesbacktheirhomecountries.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingGlobalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday, yzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidthe Forum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的).”However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimateInapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trapgases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianRatesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalGlobaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicMalnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorEconomictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturalWhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromtheItcausedabigstirindeveloItwaswarmlyreceivedbyItarousedalotofinterestinthescientificItwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskWhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sItsstatisticslookItdeservesourclosestItisinvalidintermsofItsconclusionispurposelyWhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewoftheItsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollectedItisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenItsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldWhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenHowhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbeHowrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimateHowemissionsofheat-trapgasescanbereducedonaglobalHowrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingIt’sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,andwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isayyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat’sthepointifyoucan’tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear–wejustwon’tgo.SincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringatoitskneesweshouldbegratefulFormanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.AYoupollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What’slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession–financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordableArecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterisedbyintenseverbal(言语上的aggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,andmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolises,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen.“Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentideasofwhatit’sfor,”heexins.“They’llsayit’stosave,tospend,forsecurity,for dom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem.”Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey’veachievedsomething.“Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhat’sgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon’t.Thereseemstobemoreofataboo()abouttalkingaboutmoneythanaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyou’re who’spayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepsepara