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上海市交通大学附属中学2019-2020学年高一英语下学期期中试题(含解析)Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked,A,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbeastcompletesthesentence.1.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—_________,and_________.A.Sohehassoyouhave B.SohehassohaveyouC.Sohashesodoyou D.Sohashesoyouhave【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查so+助动词+主语和so+主语+助动词的区别。句意:——大卫最近进步很大。——是的,他的进步很大,你的进步也很大。第一空so+主语+助动词用来加强语气,表示“的确如此”,第二空so+助动词+主语用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,so后的助动词/情态动词/系动词必须与前一句的谓语动词保持一致,故B项正确。2.Youshouldtakecontrolofyourlife_________itisplanningcourseworkorpickingamajor.A.whenever B.whether C.whatever D.nomatter【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论是计划课程学习还是选择专业,你都应该掌控自己的生活。结合句意此处whether…or“无论……还是……”引导的让步状语从句。故选B。3.AlthoughthereismorefemaleparticipationinITworkforce,______asignificantimbalanceofmaleandfemaleseniorpositions.A.itremains B.thereremainsC.thereremaining D.thatremains【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查存在句的其他句型和时态、主谓一致。句意:虽然有更多的女性参与到IT工作中,但男性和女性高级职位仍然存在严重的不平衡。结合句意表示“(某处)仍然存在有……”,句型为thereremain…表达客观事实用一般现在时,存在句主谓一致遵循就近一致原则,根据后文的asignificantimbalanceofmale可知,remain用第三人称单数。故选B。4.Outofsuffering_________.A.haveemergedthestrongestsouls B.emergedthestrongestsoulshaveC.havethestrongestsoulsemerged D.thestrongestsoulshaveemerged【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查倒装。句意:只有苦难才能铸就坚强的灵魂。分析句子可知,当由介词短语作状语前置到句首表强调或保持句子平衡或使上下文紧密衔接时,要用完全倒装语序,即将整个谓语放在主语之前。故选A项。5.Theydidn'tdiscoveruntiltheyhappenedtoenterthebackroom_________someonehadstolenthepricelesspainting.A.that B.what C.which D.when【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:直到他们碰巧进入后屋,才发现有人偷了那幅无价的画。分析句子可知,“有人偷了那幅无价的画”在句中作动词discover的宾语,所以是宾语从句,从句缺少引导词,而宾语从句中又不缺少任何成分,所以用连接词that引导该宾语从句。因为that在名词性从句中不做成分,无词意,而其它几个选项都是要在从句中做一定的句子成分的。故选A。6.Thepurposeoftheresearchprojecthasamoredifferentmeaningforthemthan_________.A.thatforus B.ithasforus C.itdidforus D.itdidforours【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查比较状语从句和句子结构。句意:这个研究项目的目的比起我们来说对于他们有着更不同的意义。根据句意不难还原出完整的句子应该是“Thepurposeoftheresearchprojecthasamoredifferentmeaningforthemthanthemeaningthatthepurposeoftheresearchprojecthasforus”,其中主语Thepurposeoftheresearchproject已经出现要用it代替,而后句中同一主语同一谓语后的themeaning也需要省略。故选B项。7.______,hisideaswasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.A.Strangeasmightitsound B.AsitmightsoundstrangeC.Asstrangeitmightsound D.Strangeasitmightsound【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查倒装和让步状语从句。句意:尽管听起来奇怪,但是他的想法被所有参加会议的人接受了。as引导让步状语从句时,要用倒装。规则为:将作表语的形容词或名词,作状语的副词提前或者将动词或分词提前。其余部分语序不变。在该题中,strange是表语,所以要提前,置于句首,故D选项正确。8.—DidBobtakethejobinthesupermarket?—No,butIthinkhe_________.A.willhave B.mayhave C.shouldhave D.musthave【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查情态动词+havedone。句意:——Bob去干超市的工作了吗?——没有,但我觉得他应该去。分析句意可知,从回答者but的语气中不难推断,想表达的是Bob本应该去超市工作但事实上他没有去,要用shouldhavedone表示“过去应该做而未做”。故选C项。9.TheQingmingFestival,nowanationalholiday,allowsmorepeopletopaytheirrespectstodeadrelativesonwouldotherwisebeaworkdaylikeFriday.A.where B.thatC.when D.what【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:清明节,现在是一个国家节日,允许更多的人在周五这样的工作日向死去的亲人表达敬意。介词on后跟的是宾语从句。宾语从句缺主语应用what。A、C选项是关系副词,不能做主语。that在宾语从句中不做句子成分。故选D。【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点:一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词在从句中充当的成分(主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分)三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意,近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。10._________inthenorthwestofChina,Xi'anisseenasthebirthplaceofthecountry'scivilization.A.Locating B.Beinglocated C.Tolocate D.Located【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:坐落于中国西北,西安被视为华夏文明的发祥地。分析句子结构可知,空白处的动词locate作后句的状语,locate与主语Xi'an之间是被动关系(belocatedin),要用过去分词形式。故选D项。11._________hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebuses,ashortageofpublicvehiclesremainsaseriousproblem.A.That B.What C.Inspiteofwhat D.Thoughwhat【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查状语。句意:尽管近期已经有了提供更多公交车的举措,但公共交通工具的短缺仍然是个大问题。分析句子结构可知,后句成分完整且前后句用逗号连接,前句只能作状语,排除A、B选项。D选项用though引导状语从句,但只有whathasrecentlybeendone这一个名词性的成分是不成句子的。只有C选项用短语inspiteof可以构成状语。故选C项。12.Anyonewhowantstocancallanytimepieceaclock,buttechnicallyspeaking,only_________onesringoutthetimeactuallydeservethename.A.whatever B.whenever C.whichever D.wherever【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:任何人都可以把任何时钟叫做钟,但是技术上来说,只有那些报时的钟才配得上这个名字。分析句子结构可知,空白处与其后的onesringoutthetime一起作主语,需要一个连接词,其中考虑空白处作定语修饰主语ones,要用whichever表示“无论哪个”。在意义上大致相当于thepersonorthethingthat。故选C项。13.Alongwithenthusiasmforcomposingmusic_________hisdevotiontocultivatingyoungpeople'spassionformusic.A.come B.comes C.coming D.tocome【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查倒装。句意:除了对作曲的热情,他还致力于培养年轻人对音乐的热情。当由介词短语作状语前置到句首表强调或保持句子平衡或使上下文紧密衔接,要用完全倒装语序,此时句中缺少谓语动词,主语是hisdevotion要视为第三人称单数,符合的选项只有B选项。故选B项。14.TheliteraturemasterpieceMacbethbyShakespearewillbebetterunderstoodifreaderslookatthetragedyinthehistorical_________oftheElizabethanandJacobeanperiods,aneraofrelativestability.A.content B.contest C.context D.contact【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:读者们如果关注伊丽莎白一世和詹姆斯一世那段相对稳定的时代的历史背景下的悲剧,就能更好地理解莎士比亚的文学著作《麦克白》。A.content内容;B.contest比赛;C.context环境,上下文;D.contact联系。这里联系theElizabethanandJacobeanperiods,要用historicalcontext表示“历史背景”。故选C项。15.Lettingvirtualassistants,suchasAmazon'sAlexa,takecareofyourhomeisa(n)_________fordisastertosome,becauseAI-infusedsystemsmaydemonstrateunpredictablebehaviorsthatcanbedisruptive,confusing,offensive,andevendangerous.A.topic B.shortcut C.cure D.recipe【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:让虚拟助手(比如亚马逊的Alexa)照顾你的家,对某些人来说无异于一场灾难,因为人工智能系统可能会表现出不可预测的行为,这些行为可能具有破坏性、混乱性、攻击性,甚至是危险的。A.topic话题;B.shortcut捷径;C.cure治愈;D.recipe配方。分析句子可知,显然让虚拟助手掌握实权带来的是不好的结果,也就是导致了灾难的发生,arecipefordisaster“后患无穷”。故选D项。16.PresidentDonaldTrump'sfirststatedinnerexcludedDemocraticmembersofCongressandthemedia,whichwascriticizedbymanyasa(n)_________fromtradition.A.departure B.benefit C.escape D.lesson【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:唐纳德·特朗普总统的第一次国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体,许多人批评这是对传统的背离。A.departure背离,违反;B.benefit益处;C.escape逃跑,逃避;D.lesson课,教训。分析句子可知,此处表示的意思是“国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体是对传统的背离”,故选A。SectionB(A)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Theviewthatthespiritofadventurenolongerhasanyscopeforitsenterpriseseems,atfirstglance,depressinglytrue.Thehighestmountainshavebeenscaled;thedeepestseasplumbed.Mapstodaynolongercontainhugeblanksmarked"UnknownTerritory",nordotheymakerandomguessesattheshapesof___17___land-masses.Allmajorjourneysofexplorationto___18___thetrueshapeandnatureoftheglobehavebeenmadeinthepast.Itwaslefttoustofillinthedetailswith___19___whichoncewouldhavebeenconsideredimpossible.Thegapshavebeen___20___.Whatnext?Theobviousanswer,ofcourse,isthatmanisnowlookingupwardsintospace.Discoveriesarebeingmadeatsuchatremendousratethatevenauthorsofscience-fictionarefindingitdifficulttokeepupwiththemandhavetotaxtheirimaginationtoinventbiggerandbetterspace-craft.Satellitessendingsignalsastheyswingroundourglobehavebecome___21___.Astronautshavesuccessfullylandedonthemoonanditsentiresurfacehasbeenphotographed.Theinformationthatsatellitesmayprovidefuelingstationsformannedrocketsnolongerstrikesusaspreposterous.Ifthirtyyearsago,ascientisthasurgedthatwesendmessagesintoouterspaceinthehopeofreceivingananswer,hewouldhavebeenregardedaseitherirresponsibleormad.Now,anythingseems___22___.Fromdreamslikethese,wereturntoearthwithabump.Tripsintospaceareallverywell,buttheyarenotforus;wemust___23___ourselveswithourown,much-traveledworld.Theearthitselfisthetraining-groundforadventurousspirits,for"adventure"neednotmeantheseekingoutofsomethingnew.Apersoncanbecalledadventurouswhenhefindsoutsomethingforhimself,anditdoesnotmatterhowmanytimesthediscoveryhasbeenmadebefore.NoonewouldsaythatmenwhosetoutnowtocrosstheforbiddingAntarcticarelessenterprisingthantheirpredecessorswhotriedtodothesamething.Thelittleboywhoclimbsthesmallhillthat___24___histown,orevenhewhotriestoclimbsandfails,haspreciselythesamespiritthatledHillarytoclimbEverest.Fortheboldspiritandinquiringmind,thereareinexhaustiblepossibilities.Solongastherearepeoplewillingto___25___placesthatarewell-known,therewillbethosewhowill,oneday,setfootonremoteand____26____shores.【答案】17.D18.C19.E20.G21.A22.F23.B24.I25.J26.K【解析】这是一篇议论文。有一种观点认为,冒险精神已不再具有进取精神,乍一看,这似乎是令人沮丧的事实。文章通过论述,驳斥了这种观点。对于大胆的精神和探究的头脑,有无尽的可能。太空探索尤其如此。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意:今天的地图不再包含标有“未知领土”的巨大空白,也不再随机猜测遥远大陆的形状。空处修饰名词land-masses,应用形容词。表示“遥远的”,应用distant。故选D。【18题详解】考查动词。句意:所有确定地球真实形状和性质的主要旅行都是在过去进行的。to___2___thetrueshapeandnatureoftheglobe是动词不定式作定语,修饰allmajorjourneysofexploration,空处应用动词原形,表示“确定”,用动词determine。故选C。【19题详解】考查名词。句意:于是就由我们来填补探险的细节,而这些探险在过去被认为是不可能的。空处作介词with的宾语,应用名词。表示“探险”,用名词expedition。它是可数名词,空前没有冠词,应用复数形式。故选E。【20题详解】考查过去分词。句意:空白已经被填补。结合前一句中的“Itwaslefttoustofillinthedetails”可知,该句表达的意思是:空白已经被填补。thegaps和fill之间是被动关系,该句应用被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态为:havebeendone。故空处应填过去分词。故选G。【21题详解】考查句意:在绕地球旋转时发送信号的卫星已经变得很常见了。空处作become的表语,应用形容词。表示“常见的”,应用commonplace。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词。句意:现在,一切似乎都是可行的。该段前半部分提到:如果三十年前,一位科学家敦促我们向外太空发送信息以希望得到答案,他会被认为是不负责任或疯了。而卫星的存在使得这一切变得可行。故该句表达意思应为:现在,一切似乎都是可行的。空处作seem的表语,应用形容词。表示“可行的”,应用feasible。故选F。【23题详解】考查动词。句意:我们必须满足于我们自己的、经常旅行的世界。前一句提到:进入太空旅行很好,但它们却不是为我们准备的。由此推知,该句想表达的意思为:我们必须满足于我们自己的、经常旅行的世界。must是情态动词,后面接动词原形。表示“满意,满足”,应用content。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词。句意:那个爬上俯瞰他家乡的小山丘的小男孩,甚至是那个试图攀登却失败的小男孩,都有着引领希拉里攀登珠穆朗玛峰的同样的精神。表示“俯瞰”,应用动词overlook。that___8___histown是定语从句,修饰thesmallhill,空处在从句中作谓语,根据主谓一致原则,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选I。【25题详解】考查动词。句意:只要有人愿意重新发现那些著名的地方,总有一天,会有人踏上那遥远而无迹可循的海岸。bewillingtodo是固定句式,空处应用动词原形。表示“重新发现”,应用rediscover。故选J。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意:只要有人愿意重新发现那些著名的地方,总有一天,会有人踏上那遥远、无足迹的海岸。空处和remote并列,修饰名词shores,应用形容词。表达“没有足迹的”,应用trackless。故选K。(B)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.NASAisonajourneytoMars,withagoalofsendinghumanstotheRedPlanetinthe2030s.Thatjourneyisalreadywellunderway.Fordecades,theagencyanditspartnershavesentorbiters,landersandrovers(探测器),___27___increasingourknowledgeabouttheRedPlanetandpavingthewayforfuturehumanexplorers.TheCuriosityroverhasgatheredradiationdatatohelpusprotectfutureastronauts,andtheupcomingMars2020roverwillstudythe___28___ofMartianresources,includingoxygen.Buildingontheroboticlegacy(遗产),thehumanexplorationofMarscrossesthreethresholds(门槛),eachwith___29___challengesashumansmovefartherfromEarth:EarthReliant,theProvingGround,andEarthIndependent.EarthReliantexplorationsis___30___onresearchaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation.Theorbitingmicrogravitylaboratoryservesasaworld-classtestbedforthetechnologiesandcommunicationssystemsneededforhumanmissionstodeepspace.Astronautsarelearningaboutwhatittakestoliveandworkinspaceforlongperiodsoftimeimprovingourunderstandingofhowthebodychangesinspaceandhowtoprotectastronauts'health.Next,wemoveintotheProvingGround,___31___aseriesofmissionsnearthemooncalled“cislunarspace”totestthecapabilitieswewillneedtoliveandworkatMars.AstronautsonthespacestationareonlyhoursawayfromEarth,buttheprovinggroundisdaysaway,a(n)___32___steppingstonetoaMarsmission,whichwillbemonthsawayfromhome.Alsointhe2020s,we’llsendastronautsonayear-longmissionintothisdeepspaceprovingground,confirminghabitationandtestingour___33___forMars.Finally,webecomeEarthIndependent,buildingontheknowledge___34___onthespacestationandindeepspacetosendhumanstolow-Marsorbitintheearly2030s.Thisphasewillalsotesttheentry,descent(降落)andlandingtechniquesneededtogettotheMartinsurfaceandstudywhat'sneededforin-situresourceutilizationor"livingofftheland".NASAisalreadystudyingthe___35___"ExplorationZones"onMarsthatwouldoffercompellingscienceresearchandprovideresourcesourastronautscanuse.Therearechallengesto____36____Mars,butweknowtheyaresolvable.Wearewellonourwaytogettingthere,landingthere,andlivingthere.【答案】27.D28.B29.F30.E31.C32.J33.K34.A35.H36.I【解析】这是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)正在进行火星之旅,目标是在本世纪30年代将人类送上火星。这一旅程已经开始了。文章主要介绍了人类对火星的探索需要跨越的一些挑战:依赖地球、试验场和独立于地球。【27题详解】考查副词。句意:几十年来,该机构及其合作伙伴发射了轨道飞行器、着陆器和探测车,极大地增加了我们对这颗红色星球的了解,并为未来人类探索铺平了道路。该空修饰动词increase,应用副词。表示“显著地,急剧地,极大地”,应用dramatically。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词。句意:好奇号漫游者已经收集了辐射数据,以帮助我们保护未来的宇航员,而即将到来的火星2020漫游者将研究火星资源的可用性。该空作study的宾语,且空前有定冠词the,应用名词。表示“可用性”,应用availability。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词。句意:在机器人的基础上,人类对火星的探索跨越了三个门槛,随着人类离地球越来越远,每个门槛都面临着逐渐增长的挑战:依赖地球、试验场和独立于地球。空处修饰名词challenges,应用形容词。表示“增加的,增长的”,应用形容词growing,故选F。【30题详解】考查固定短语。句意:“地球依赖探索”专注于国际空间站上的研究。表示“专注于……;以……为中心”,应用befocusedon。故选E。【31题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:接下来,我们进入试验场,在月球附近实施一系列名为“地月空间”的任务,以测试我们在火星生活和工作所需的能力。表示“进行,实施……任务“,应用动词conduct,“___5___aseriesofmissionsnearthemooncalled“cislunarspace””作伴随状语,主语we和conduct之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意:空间站上的宇航员离地球只有几小时的路程,但试验场要几天的时间,这可能是前往火星任务的垫脚石。该空修饰名词steppingstone,应用形容词。表示“可能的”,应用potential。故选J。【33题详解】考查名词。句意:同样在21世纪20年代,我们将派遣宇航员到这个深空试验场执行为期一年的任务,确认居住地点并测试我们对火星所做的准备工作。our___7___作test的宾语,应用名词。表示“准备”,应用readiness。故选K。【34题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,我们成为独立的地球人,以在空间站和深空获得的知识为基础,在本世纪30年代早期把人类送到火星低轨道。表示“获得”,应用动词acquire。___8___onthespacestationandindeepspace作定语,修饰theknowledge。theknowledge和acquire之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词。句意:美国宇航局已经在研究火星上的自然“探索区”,这将提供引人注目的科学研究和我们的宇航员可以使用的资源。空处修饰名词ExplorationZones,应用形容词。表示“自然的”,应用natural。故选H。【36题详解】考查动名词。句意:开拓火星有挑战,但我们知道它们是可以解决的。表示“开拓”,应用动词pioneer。表示“针对……的挑战”,用the/achallengetosth.。to是介词,后面接名词或动名词作宾语。故选I。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.GreenCollarSectionWhatisecotourism?AccordingtotheInternationalEcotourismSociety,ecotourismcanbedefinedasresponsibletraveltonaturalareasthatconservestheenvironmentand___37___thewell-beingoflocalpeople.Thatistosay,mostecotourismexperiencesare___38___athelpingpeopletofosteranappreciationoftheenvironment,theconservationofwildlife,plantsandresources,andrespectandunderstandingofnative___39___.Ecotourismissociallyimportantbecauseitprovidesawayforpeopletotravelresponsibly,andtolearnaboutandrespecttheenvironmentofthesenaturalplaces.Ideally,ecotourismprofessionalsorganizeand___40___anexperiencethatdemonstrateslocalenvironmentalsustainabilityandculturalsensitivityfortravelers.Attheuniversitylevel,ecotourismprogramsareusuallyfoundinenvironmentalscienceandrecreationmanagementdepartments.Studentslearnbasicknowledgeaboutdifferent___41___oftourism(suchasaccommodation,transportation,business,organization,andhospitality)aswellasconservationalissues(suchas___42___protectionforwildlifeandrational___43___ofresources).Andinmoreadvancedprograms,studentswillfocusonnature-basededucation,suchasandecologicalissues.___44___,itisalsohelpful,andsometimes___45___,tobefluentinaforeignlanguage,orstudentswillnotbeabletoholdaglobalinsight.Aftergraduation,itisalso____46____forstudentstoreceivefurthercareertrainingprograms,suchasGroupDynamicsforEcotourism,GreenEventPlanning,NaturalResourceAssessmentandPlanning,InterculturalCommunications,Wilderness&RemoteFirstAid,etc,inordertobecomebetteradaptabletotheupdatingjobrequirement.Asthethreattoourplanet____47____inmanycommunities,theirinhabitantsarebecomingmoreinterestedinthenaturalworldaroundthemandinwaystoconservetheenvironment.Ecotourismisgrowingatthreetimesthe____48____ofthetourismsectoritself,anddemandingmoreknowledgeableworkers____49____tosustainability.Jobsinecotourismcanbehighlyriskyandadventurous,butalsolimitedbyseason.Greentravelemployesgenerallyworkforprivatecompanies,governmentandpubicinstitutions,andnonprofits.Salariesinecotourism____50____fromfieldtofield,butithelpstohaveadegreeandsomeexperience.Groupleadersandtravelguidesareresponsibleforguidingtoursthroughtheecosystemsofvariousdestinations____51____pointingoutthebenefitsofgreentravelandagreenlifestyle.Leadersandguidescomefromawiderangeofbackgrounds.Manywillhaveexperienceinthetourismindustry,whilesomewillbescientistslookingforpositionsineducation.37.A.dominates B.cultivates C.ruins D.sustains38.A.bound B.aimed C.intended D.destined39.A.peoples B.languages C.bonds D.habitats40.A.alter B.taste C.execute D.undergo41.A.properties B.advantages C.opinions D.respects42.A.deserve B.reserve C.preserve D.conserve43.A.exhaustion B.fulfillment C.advantage D.exploitation44.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Likewise D.Afterall45.A.controlled B.requested C.selective D.compulsory46.A.applicable B.obliged C.critical D.subtle47.A.turnsdown B.turnsup C.turnsoff D.turnson48.A.rate B.width C.scale D.extension49.A.devoting B.contributed C.adapting D.committed50.A.count B.different C.range D.vary51.A.while B.because C.evenif D.if【答案】37.D38.B39.A40.C41.D42.D43.D44.A45.D46.C47.B48.C49.C50.C51.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了生态旅游的意义、人才培养和发展方向。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:生态旅游可以定义为对自然地区负责任的旅行,保护环境和维持当地人民的福祉。A.dominates支配;B.cultivates培育;C.ruins毁灭;D.sustains保持。根据空后的“thewell-beingoflocalpeople”可知,生态旅游维持当地人民的福祉,故D项正确。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:也就是说,大多数生态旅游的目的是帮助游客欣赏(认识)当地环境,保护野生动植物和资源,尊重和理解当地人。A.bound约束;B.aimed目的在于;C.intended打算;D.destined注定。空后的“athelpingpeopletofosteranappreciationoftheenvironment,theconservationofwildlife,plantsandresources,andrespectandunderstandingofnative___3___.”是生态旅游的目的,beaimedat表示“旨在、目的在于”,故B项正确。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.people人民;B.languages语言;C.bonds纽带;D.habitats栖息地。根据空前的“respectandunderstandingofnative”可知此处指“尊重和理解当地人”,故A项正确。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:理想情况下,生态旅游专业人员会组织并执行一种体验,向游客展示当地环境的可持续性和文化敏感性。A.alter改变;B.taste品尝;C.execute实行、执行;D.undergo经历。根据空前的“ecotourismprofessionalsorganize”可知,生态旅游专业人员会组织并执行一种体验,故C项正确。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:学生学习生态旅游的不同方面(如住宿、交通、商业、组织、接待等)的基本知识和保护问题(如保护野生动物和合理开采资源)。A.properties属性;B.advantages优势;C.opinions观点;D.respects方面。空后的“(suchasaccommodation,transportation,business,organization,andhospitality)aswellasconservationalissues(suchas___6___protectionforwildlifeandrational___7___ofresources).”是生态旅游的几个方面,故D项正确。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.deserving应得;B.reserving预订;C.preserving保留;D.conserving保护。根据空后的“protectionforwildlife”可知此处指“保护野生动物”,空前的“conservational”也是提示,故D项正确。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.exhaustion耗尽;B.fulfillment履行;C.advantage优势;D.exploitation开发、开采。根据空后的“ofresources”可知此处指“合理开采资源”,故D项正确。【44题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外,熟练掌握一门外语也很有帮助,有时甚至是必须的,否则学生将无法拥有全球性的洞察力。A.Moreover此外;B.Therefore因此;C.Likewise同样地;D.Afterall毕竟。空前说学生学习生态旅游的不同方面,结合空后的“itisalsohelpful,andsometimes___9___,tobefluentinaforeignlanguage”可知,此外,熟练掌握一门外语对学习生态旅游的学生也很有帮助,故A项正确。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.controlled受控制的;B.requested被请求的;C.selective选择性的;D.compulsory义务的、必须的。根据空后的“orstudentswillnotbeabletoholdaglobalinsight.”可知,否则学生将无法拥有全球性的洞察力,这说明他们被要求必须熟练掌握一门外语,故D项正确。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:毕业后,学生接受进一步的职业培训也是至关重要的。A.applicable可应用的;B.obliged必须的;C.critical至关重要的;D.subtle微妙的。根据空后的“forstudentstoreceivefurthercareertrainingprograms”可知,毕业后,学生接受进一步的职业培训也至关重要,故C项正确。【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:随着对地球的威胁在许多社区出现,那里的居民对周围的自然世界和保护环境的方式越来越感兴趣。A.turnsdown拒绝;B.turnsup出现、发生;C.turnsoff关掉;D.turnson打开。根据空前的“thethreattoourplanet”可知,对地球的威胁在许多社区出现,故B项正确。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:生态旅游的发展规模是旅游业本身的三倍,需要更多有知识的工作人员适应可持续发展。A.rate等级;B.width广度;C.scale规模;D.extension延伸。根据空后的“demandingmoreknowledgeableworkers”可知,生态旅游需要更多有知识的工作人员,这说明它的发展规模是旅游业本身的三倍,故C项正确。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.devoting致力;B.contributed贡献;C.adapting适应;D.committed承诺。根据空后的“tosustainability”可知,生态旅游需要更多有知识的工作人员以适应可持续的发展方向,故C项正确。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:生态旅游的薪水因领域不同而不等,但拥有学位和一些经验是有帮助的。A.count数数;B.different不同的;C.range在……内变动;D.vary变化。根据空后的“fromfieldtofield”可知,生态旅游的薪水从一个领域到另一个领域不等,rangefrom表示“在从……到……范围内变动”故C项正确。【51题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:领队和导游负责带领游客游览不同目的地的生态系统,同时指出绿色旅游和绿色生活方式的好处。A.while与……同时;B.because因为;C.evenif即使;D.if如果。根据空后的“pointingoutthebenefitsofgreentravelandagreenlifestyle”可知,领队和导游负责带领游客游览不同目的地的生态系统的同时要指出绿色旅游和绿色生活方式的好处,故A项正确。【点睛】本篇第6空C项preserving的干扰性较大,虽然preserve和conserve都有“保护”之意,但preserve强调保护物品等不被破坏、维持现状,常用于保护文物;conserve则强调保护自然资源,根据空后的“protectionforwildlife”可知此处指“保护野生动物”,空前的“conservational”也是提示,即:学生学习旅游的不同方面(如住宿、交通、商业、组织、接待等)的基本知识和保护问题(如保护野生动物和合理开采资源),故D项(conserving)正确。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsgo.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication-butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople'shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinmeaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemic(流行病)wasannounced,theideaof"swineflu"scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwith,butaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna'sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.It'snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.Ifyou'retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk(鼓舞士气的讲话)beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe'rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserules,youhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.52.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause_______.A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness.C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication.D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext.53.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers'speeches.D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.54.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor'sviewon"greatspeakingability"?A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.55.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.【答案】52.D53.A54.D55.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了不同类型演讲在正式场合以及我们生活中的作用。【52题详解】细节理解题。由第二段的“Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.”可知,演讲具有很多功能和作用,包括劝说、激励、科普、致敬、娱乐、简单介绍等等,演讲的这些作用决定了它的不可替代。故选D项。【53题详解】细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.”可知,世界卫生组织的科普性演讲抑制住了人们对于流行病的恐慌,所以B项正确;由第三段最后一句“Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.”可知,战前将军的激励演讲可以让军队做好备战,鼓舞士气,所以C项正确;由第五段的“Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwith,butaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.”可知,哀悼和歌颂具有安慰作用,故D项正确。综上,不正确的为A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.(在世界论坛上的发言可以有效地解决世界问题。)。故选A项。【54题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段的“Tolearnthoserules,youhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.”可知,出色的演讲能力需要训练,也需要学习借鉴一些过去的优秀演讲。故选D项。【55题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文内容可知,文章先总体说明了演讲的各种功能作用,然后分类介绍了正式场合下不同演讲的作用以及生活中演讲的作用,属于总分结构的文章,文章主旨在段首和第二段——演讲不可替代,演讲有很多功能。故选B项。【点睛】主旨大意题难度相对较大,解体的时候要避免以偏概全及扩大范围。在解答主旨大意题时,可以结合文章结构进行分析,常见的文章结构有总-分-总,总-分,分-总等等,如果文章符合这些结构,往往第一段或最后一段就是文章的主旨。如第4小题,就可以从文章的总-分结构出发,将中心内容锁定在第一段和第二段。(B)RailairLinkHealthrowAirport(Allterminals)→ReadingDec1st,2014toJan.31st,2015MondaystoFridaysTerminal4departTerminal2departTerminal3departTerminal1departReadingarrive0635

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