英语考研真题

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked

[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWER

SHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10

points)

Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuy

uppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.

Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLord

Chancellor,willintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentsto

witnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbe

giventoacase36atrialbegins.

InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMedia

SelectCommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyear

whichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.

39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40of

mediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropean

legislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.

TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which

43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritain,

laiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgo

tocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.

“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges,hesaid.

Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10life

sentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfor

tellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmight

beencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts.

31.[A]asto

[B]forinstance

[C]inparticular

[D]suchas

32.[A]tightening

[B]intensifying

[C]focusing

[D]fastening

33.[A]sketch

[B]rough

[C]preliminary

[D]draft

34.[A]illogical

[B]illegal

[C]improbable

[D]improper

35.[A]publicity

[B]penalty

[C]popularity

[D]peculiarity

36.[A]since

[B]if

[C]before

[D]as

37.[A]sided

[B]shared

[C]complied

[D]agreed

38.[A]present

[B]offer

[C]manifest

[D]indicate

39.[A]Release

[B]Publication

[C]Printing

[D]Exposure

40.[A]storm

[B]rage

[C]flare

[D]flash

41.[A]translation

[B]interpretation

[C]exhibition

[D]demonstration

42.[A]betterthan

[B]otherthan

[C]ratherthan

[D]soonerthan

43.[A]changes

[B]makes

[C]sets

[D]turns

44.[A]binding

[B]convincing

[C]restraining

[D]sustaining

45.[A]authorized

[B]credited

[C]entitled

[D]qualified

46.[A]with

[B]to

[C]from

[D]by

47.[A]impact

[B]incident

[C]inference

[D]issue

48.[A]stated

[B]remarked

[C]said

[D]told

49.[A]what

[B]when

[C]which

[D]that

50.[A]assure

[B]confide

[C]ensure

[D]guarantee

SectionIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionthere

arefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyand

choosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Thenmarkyouransweron

ANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswitha

pencil.(40points)

Text1

Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasing

accumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmaller

units,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisfbr

furtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopments

inscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowing

professionalisationofscientificactivity.

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursin

science:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”does

carryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothe

scientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthof

specializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,

morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsfbramateurparticipationinscience.

Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyona

mathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthe

developmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.

AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalf

revealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoa

changingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthe

nineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheir

ownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecome

acceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewider

geologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocal

studiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessional

geologicaljournalsharderfbramateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythe

widespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenth

centuryandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asa

logicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappeared

aimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilar

processofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogether

nationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetended

eithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.

Althoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywell

underwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequences

werethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,the

nineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodfbrthischangeinthe

structureofscience.

51.Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseenin

sciencessuchas.

[A]sociologyandchemistry

[B]physicsandpsychology

[C]sociologyandpsychology

[D]physicsandchemistry

52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandprofessionalisation

[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience

[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity

[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones

53.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate.

[A]theprocessofspecializationandprofessionalisation

[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy

[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications

[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs

54.Thedirectreasonforspecializationis.

[A]thedevelopmentincommunication

[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation

[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge

[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties

Text2

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-the

divisionoftheworldintotheinfb(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat

dividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwenty

yearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthat

workagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.Asthe

Internetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinessto

universalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomers

thereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,

wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillion

peopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigital

dividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.Andthatisverygoodnews

becausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworld

povertythatwe'veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.Andthe

Internetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.

Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetoget

overtheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.

Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymight

wellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)

intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,it

didn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWave

infrastructure—includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuilt

withforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwere

investinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuilt

them.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.Ibelievethesamethingwould

betrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.Themoreforeign

capitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisan

electronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlying

downandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butit

doesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyand

telecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

55.Digitaldivideissomething.

[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefbr

[C]theworldmustguardagainst

[D]consideredpositivetoday

56.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit.

[A]offerseconomicpotentials

[B]canbringforeignfunds

[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld

57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof

[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas

[B]preventingforeigncapital9scontrol

[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure

[D]acceptingforeigninvestment

58.Itseemsthatnowacountry'seconomydependsmuchon.

[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically

[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica'sindustrialpattern

[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

Text3

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?The

AmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.

Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibility

project.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsabout

factualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsof

head-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.

Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseethe

worldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday's

events.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethat

providesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusing

news.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheir

readers,whichhelpsexplainwhythe"standardtemplates“ofthenewsroomseem

alientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersin

fivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Then

residentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesame

questions.

RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikely

toliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,and

they'relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsina

community.

Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheir

worktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustof

thenewsmediaisn'trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedaily

clashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.

Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.

Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoy

thecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityproject

dedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.

Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatso

manyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversity

program,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswho

differbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.

59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

[A]needsofthereadersallovertheworld

[B]causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers

[C]originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry

[D]aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject

60.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe.

[A]quitetrustworthy

[B]somewhatcontradictory

[C]veryilluminating

[D]rathersuperficial

61.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir

[A]workingattitude

[B]conventionallifestyle

[C]worldoutlook

[D]educationalbackground

62.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowing

toits.

[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem

[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters

[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting

[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender

Text4

Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionsever

witnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachesthe

emergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingat

thisprocessandworrying:"Won'tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoan

uncontrollableanti-competitiveforce?”

There9snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.

Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein

1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliates

accountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupand

welcomeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly

1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%oftheindustrialproductionof

the200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleof

smallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityof

theworldeconomy.

IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethe

samethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationand

communicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthat

requireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomer'sdemands.Alltheseare

beneficial,notdetrimental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,theworld'swealth

increases.

Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yet

itishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesame

threatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.,whenthe

StandardOilTrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchas

WorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthe

paceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscoming

downfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing-witnessDaimlerandChrysler,

RenaultandNissan—butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.

Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeks

ago,AlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Who

isgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegigantic

banksthatarebeingcreated?Won'tmultinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplace

toanotherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircompetition?And

shouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleof"defendingcompetition“onissues

thataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase?

63.Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday?

[A]totakeinmoreforeignfunds

[B]toinvestmoreabroad

[C]tocombineandbecomebigger

[D]totradewithmorecountries

64.Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindM&Awaveis

[A]thegreatercustomerdemands

[B]asurplussupplyforthemarket

[C]agrowingproductivity

[D]theincreaseoftheworld'swealth

65.FromParagraph4wecaninferthat.

[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers

[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts

[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous

[D]theStandardOilTrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition

66.Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter'sattitudecanbesaidtobe

[A]optimistic

[B]objective

[C]pessimistic

[D]biased

Text5

WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatI

mightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmypride

andblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhigh

profilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icovered

myexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.

Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentin

whattheAmericansterm"downshifting“hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolute

reality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof

“havingitall,“preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepageofShe

magazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.

Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignation

fromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof

"jugglingyourlife/9andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting“brings

withitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.Nothingcould

persuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:

12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsand

thelimitationsofbeingaparenton"qualitytime”.

InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialistic

lifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting-alsoknowninAmericaas

"voluntarysimplicity^^—has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbe

tennedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-help

booksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasThe

TightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipson

anythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareeven

supportgroupsfbrthosewhowanttoachievethemid-'90sequivalentofdropping

out.

WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline-after

themassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate'80s—andisstilllinkedto

thepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmy

acquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsfbrseekingtosimplifyourlives.

Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthrough

the'80s,downshiftinginthemid-'90sisnotsomuchasearchfbrthemythicalgood

life—growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone—asa

personalrecognitionofyourlimitations.

67.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.

[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.

[C]“Alateralmove^^meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.

[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.

68.Thewriter'sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting.

[A]enableshertorealizeherdream

[B]helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife

[C]promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus

[D]leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine

69.“Jugglingone'slife“probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby.

[A]non-materialisticlifestyle

[B]abitofeverything

[C]extremestress

[D]anti-consumerism

70.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof

[A]thequickpaceofmodernlife

[B]man'sadventurousspirit

[C]man'ssearchfbrmythicalexperiences

[D]theeconomicsituation

SectionIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinto

Chinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15

points)

Inlessthan30years5timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinks

betweenthebrain'snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensory

virtualenvironments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.

71)Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswith

pollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.72)Childrenwillplay

withdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswithin・builtpersonalitieswill

beregardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbein什ontof

smell-television,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.

AccordingtoBT'sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopments

scheduledfbrthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1,000years),

whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.

73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhuodredsofresearchersaroundthe

worldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdates

whenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.

Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlife

expectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.

Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks."Bylinking

directlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,

simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,rather

liketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,hesays.74)Butthat,

Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofman-machineintegration:"Itwillbethe

beginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafiilly

electronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.”

Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughs

thatcanbepredicted.However,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-light

travelwillbeavailable,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentime

travelwillbepossible.Buthedoesexpectsocialproblemsasaresultof

technologicaladvances.Aboominneighborhoodsurveillancecameraswill,for

example,causeproblemsin2010,whilethearrivalofsyntheticlifelikerobotswill

meanpeoplemaynotbeabletodistinguishbetweentheirhumanfriendsandthe

droids.75)Andhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingand

operatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder-kitchen

rage.

SectionIVWriting

76.Directions:

Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,but

everyonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.

Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessay

tothenewspaperto

1)showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,

2)giveaspecificexample,and

3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20th

centuryandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhad

happened21Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot22the19thcentury

thatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic23,followinginthe

wakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe24oftheperiodical.Itwas

duringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution25up,beginning

withtransport,therailway,andleading26throughthetelegraph,the

telephone,radio,andmotionpictures27the20th-centuryworldofthemotor

carandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin28Itisimportantto

doso.

Itisgenerallyrecognized,29,thattheintroductionofthecomputerin

theearly20thcentury,30bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe

1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,31itsimpactonthemediawasnot

immediately32.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmore

powerful,andtheybecame“personal"too,aswellas33,withdisplay

becomingsharperandstorage34increasing.Theywerethoughtof,like

people,35generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch

36.

Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm"informationsociety“begantobe

widelyusedtodescribethe37withinwhichwenowlive.The

communicationsrevolutionhas38bothworkandleisureandhowwethink

andfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,but